Futurabond U · M+ - voco.dental · the dental hard tissue, the preparation guidelines and proce- ... veneers directly in the mouth is also possible. Futurabond U and Futurabond M+

Futurabond® U · M+ScientiFic coMpendiUM

32

contents

1. introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.1. VOCO’s universal adhesives ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.2. Product descriptions .......................................................................................................................................... 6

1.3. Method of use ................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.4. Indications ....................................................................................................................................................... 6

2. in-vitro studies ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1. Investigation of micro-shear bond strength on human enamel and dentine depending on etching technique ............... 8

2.2. Investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (adhesive: LC, composite: LC) .... 10

2.3. Investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (adhesive: LC, composite: LC) ... 12

2.4. Investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (adhesive: LC, composite: SC) .... 14

2.5. Investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (adhesive: LC, composite: SC) ... 16

2.6. Investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine in self-etch mode (adhesive: SC, composite: SC) ................. 18

2.7. Investigation of tensile bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel (self-etch and total-etch mode) ........................... 20

2.8. Investigationofcuspaldeflection/marginalintegrity .......................................................................................... 22

2.9. Investigationofdentinepermeabilityofuniversaladhesivesdependingonetchingtechnique ................................. 26

2.10. Measurement of shear bond strength following repairs on different materials ........................................................ 28

2.11. Investigation of the adhesion of zirconium dioxide to different core build-up materials ........................................... 30

2.12. The potential of novel primers and universal adhesives to bond to zirconium dioxide .............................................. 32

2.13. TEMinvestigationsofthebondinglayerbetweenFuturabondUanddentine

when using in self-etch and total-etch mode ...................................................................................................... 34

2.14. TEMinvestigationsintonanoleakageonthecontactsurfacebetweenFuturabondUanddentine

when using in self-etch and total-etch mode ...................................................................................................... 36

2.15. Push-outbondstrengthtestsonRebildaPostslutedadhesively ........................................................................... 38

3. in-vivo studies .......................................................................................................................................................... 40

3.1. ClinicalresultsofclassVrestorationsafter1year .............................................................................................. 40

3.2. Clinical results of direct and indirect composite restorations after 6 and 12 months .............................................. 42

4. User survey / clinical user tests .................................................................................................................................. 46

4.1. FuturabondU–Votedtop10productintheUSA2014 ...................................................................................... 46

4.2. Fivestarsoutoffive–FuturabondM+performswellinpracticaltest ................................................................... 47

5. Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................... 48

6. Literature .................................................................................................................................................................. 49

2 3

ScientiFic coMpendiUM

The adhesive technique has had a profound effect on conserv-

ativedentistry.Sinceitwasintroducedand,forthefirsttime,

the adhesive and thus also the restorative material no longer

merelyprovidedthemechanicalretentionrequiredforthe

necessaryhold,butinadditionformedachemicalbondwith

the dental hard tissue, the preparation guidelines and proce-

duresforreplacingdentalhardtissuedamagedbycarieshave

changeddramatically.“Minimallyinvasive”becamethemost

importantkeyword.Thiscouldonlybeachievedbyemploying

state-of-the-art adhesives and restorative composites.

Theadhesivehasthemostimportantandmostdifficult

task: establishing both a close connection with the dental

hard tissue and a secure, insoluble bond with the restorative

composite.Andthedifferencebetweenthecomponentsto

bebonded–hydrophilicdentalhardtissueandhydrophobic

“resins”–couldn’tbemuchgreater.Theadhesivesdealwith

thisbalancingactsoefficientlythatyoudonotevennotice

it during the application. The broad range of indications,

clinicallyprovenhighadhesivestrength,reliabilityandeaseof

applicationmaketheseproductsperfectfordailyusewithout

restrictions,andthatnotonlyinconservativedentistry.

In the meantime, state-of-the-art research and the developed

products are breaking down the boundaries between the

differenttypesofadhesivesystemsand,atthesametime,

dissolvingthestrictapplicationconventionswhichformerly

applied.Nowadays,totaletch,selectiveetchandself-etch

merelydescribeapplicationoptions available to dentists and

arenolongermutuallyincompatibleindividualphilosophies.

Modern adhesives give youtheoptionofplacingyourcom-

positefillingorcompositebuild-uporlutingarootpostwith

or without an additional etching stage and with or without

lightpolymerisationinaccordancewiththeindications.They

arecompatiblewithallthemethacrylate-basedcomposites

thatyoumightwishtouseforthevariousapplicationsinyour

practice.However,modernadhesivesnowadayscandomuch

morethan“just”bondcompositestodentalhardtissue.They

arecompatiblewiththematerialsusedbydentaltechnicians

toproducefixedrestorationsandthusplayanimportantrole

as a bonding agent for restorations made of (precious) metal

andawiderangeofceramics.Acid-freerepairofceramic

veneersdirectlyinthemouthisalsopossible.

FuturabondUandFuturabondM+giveyouthechoicebetween

the various methods of conditioning the dental hard tissue

anddonotimposeanymaterialrestrictionswhenitcomesto

selecting the restorative, build-up or luting composite. Optimal

compatibilityandmaximumintegrationinyourtreatmentpro-

ceduremakeFuturabondUandFuturabondM+trulyuniversal

adhesives.

1. introduction

54

1.1 Voco’s universal adhesives

Inrecentyears,researchintoadhesiveshasmadeenormous

advances. VOCO has followed this course with great me-

ticulousnessandinnovativecapacity.Theintroductionsof

FuturabondUin2013andFuturabondM+in2014madetwo

universal adhesives available to users at the same time: one

in the SingleDose andoneinabottle.Assuch,everydentist

now has a universal adhesive available in his / her preferred

pharmaceutical form. The two products are the result of a long

developmentprocesswithoneprincipalobjective:tocreatea

universal adhesive offering users nothing but advantages and

reliability,andmakingallotheradhesivesystemsredundant

inthepractice.TheuniversalFuturabondssetnewstandards

intermsoftheiradhesionvaluesandaboveallinhowflexibly

anddiverselytheycanbeemployed.

Universaladhesivesareoneofthelatestdevelopmentsavail-

able on the market. In addition to their wide range of possi-

bleapplications,theydisplayconsiderablyless“technique

sensitivity”incomparisonwithconventionaletch&rinseand

self-etchsystems.Theiradvantagesarepossiblethanksto

thespeciallycoordinatedformulationoftheadhesives(see

Table 1).

table 1: General formulation of VOCO universal adhesives

constituents designation Role

Acidicadhesivemonomers Organicacids Formationoftheetchingpattern,

bond to dental hard tissue,

improvementofflowproperties

Cross-linkingmonomers Functionalisedmethacrylates Formationofthethree-dimensionalnetwork,

bondtomethacrylatematerials

Catalysts Organicaminecompound Co-catalystforthedual-curing

Initiators Camphorquinone Photoinitiator for the light curing

Stabilisers BHT Increasingmonomerstabilityduringstorage

Solvent Ethanol and water Maintaining the constituents in a solution,

improvementofflowand

penetration properties

Particular attention must be paid to the acidic adhesive mono-

mers / their different spheres of action. Organic acids are used

whichhaveamethacrylatefunctioninadditiontotheacidic

function. The reaction of the phosphoric acid group with the

dental hard tissue results in demineralisation, a ruggedness,

which creates a retention pattern. In a subsequent step, the

abreacted organic acid forms a bond with the dental hard

tissue,ortoputitmoreprecisely,withthecalciumionsin

thehydroxyapatite.Themethacrylatefunctionoftheacidic

adhesivemonomersjoinstothecross-linkingmonomersduring

thepolymerisation,formingaverystable,three-dimensional

network.Anotherbenefitoftheacidicadhesivemonomersis

4 5


thattheyreducethesurfacetensionoftheentireliquid,which

decreasestheviscosityoftheadhesivesolutionconsiderably.

The enormous advantage here can be found in the improved

wettingpropertyoftheadhesivesystem.Completecoveringof

the retentive surface, homogeneous penetration of the collagen

fibrenetworkandoptimalsealingofthedentinaltubulesare

onlypossiblewiththeaidofthislowerviscosity.

The excellent wetting behaviour also makes it possible to use

theadhesivesystemswithdifferentetchingmodes.Thead-

hesive solution can penetrate a retention pattern created with

concentrated phosphoric acid prior to the application, despite

itsownacidicpHvalue.Forthisreason,despiteprioretching

with phosphoric acid, the universal adhesives are able to cre-

ateahybridlayerandpenetratedeepintothedentinaltubules

inordertominimisepostoperativesensitivityandensurean

excellent adhesive bond.

Figure 1:DentinepenetrationofFuturabondU when using the total etch technique[1]

Literature [1] Lohbauer, 2013

Inaddition,theperfectflowpropertiesresultingoodadhesion

toavarietyofdentalmaterialsandtodentalhardtissue.This

permits secure bonding to various materials such as metal, zir-

conium dioxide, aluminium oxide and glass ceramics without

an additional primer. Viewed in more detail taking zirconium

dioxideasanexample:Ontheonehand,theadhesiveflows

ontotheceramicpartexcellentlyand,ontheother,theacid

groupoftheintelligentmonomerscontaineddisplaysveryhigh

affinitytothesurfaceoftheoxideceramic,makingitpossible

to achieve an excellent adhesive bond.

Andthefunctionsofthesolventshouldnotbeforgotten:Ba-

sically,thesolvent’staskistomaintainalloftheconstituents

of the adhesive liquid in a solution. The use of monomers with

differentpolarityisnecessarytobeabletocreateanoptimal

adhesivebondbetweenthehydrophilicdentalhardtissue

andthehydrophobiccomposite.Assuch,itisadvantageous

to use a solvent mixture containing different polarities. In

addition, the ethanol / water mixture prevents the liquid from

evaporatingtooquickly,ascanbethecasewithacetone-based

adhesives, for example.

composite

Adhesive layer

dentine with truncated tubules and tags

76

1.2. product descriptions

FuturabondUandFuturabondM+aredentaladhesivesforuse

withmethacrylate-basedrestorative,corebuild-upandluting

materials.Theycanbeappliedwithphosphoricacidetching

(selective enamel etching or total-etch) of the dental hard

tissue as well as without (self-etch).

1.3. Method of use

FuturabondUandFuturabondM+notonlyensureasecure

bond to natural dental hard tissue, but also to composites,

metals and ceramics.

Indications[A1]-[G]applyforFuturabondUwithoutany

restrictions.

Indications[A1]-[E2]applyforFuturabondM+withoutany

restrictions;indications[F1]-[G]applyincombinationwith

theFuturabondM+DCA(DualCureActivator).

Itisnecessarytoisolatetheoperatingsitefrommoisture.

Anycontaminationofthecavityormaterialsurfacewith

blood or saliva must be avoided. The use of a rubber dam is

recommended.

1.4. indications

[A1]Adhesivefordirectrestorationsofallclassesofcavities

using light-curing composite / compomer / OrMOCEr®

materialswithamethacrylatebase.

[A2]Adhesiveforcorebuild-upsmadeoflight-curingcompos-

ite materials.

[A3]Adhesiveforindirectrestorationswithlight-curingluting

composites.

[B] Intraoral repair of composite, compomer or OrMOCEr®

restorations, ceramic veneers and all-ceramic

restorations without an additional primer.

[C] Treatmentofhypersensitivetoothnecks.

[D] Protectivevarnishforglassionomercementfillings.

[E1] Sealing of cavities prior to amalgam restorations.

[E2] Sealing of cavities and core preparations prior to the

temporarylutingofindirectrestorations.

[F1]Adhesivefordirectself-curingordual-curingcomposite

restorations of all classes of cavities and core build-ups.

[F2]Adhesiveforindirectrestorationsusingdual-curingor

self-curing luting composites.

[G] Luting of root posts with dual-curing or self-curing luting

composites.

6 7


table 2: Overview of VOCO’s universal adhesives

Futurabond U Futurabond M+ (+ dcA)*

Adhesiveclassification Universal Universal

Curing Dual-curing Light-curing (dual-curing)

Pharmaceutical form SingleDose Bottle

Appliedlayers 1 1

➜ Work steps 3 2 1 3 2 1

total-etch Selective-etch Self-etch total-etch Selective-etch Self-etch

Enamel conditioning Etching gel Etching gel Etching gel Etching gel

Dentine conditioning Etching gel Etching gel

Wetting

Bond

*DCA:FuturabondM+DCA(DualCureActivator)

FuturabondU

FuturabondU

FuturabondU

FuturabondM+

FuturabondM+

FuturabondM+

98

2. in-vitro studies

Aim

Thein-vitrostudyrevealscomparativemicro-shearbond

strengthsforthetwouniversaladhesivesFuturabondU(VOCO)

andScotchbondUniversal(3MESPE),dependingonthe

etching mode in connection with a light-curing composite

(GrandioSO, VOCO).

Study design

Humanteethwereusedfortheshearbondstrengthtest.They

weregroundtoremovethesuperficialocclusalenamel.The

enamel surface was then polished with silicon carbide sandpa-

per(600grain)tocreateastandardisedsmearlayer.Forthe

dentine test specimens, the occlusal enamel was also separat-

edandthedentinesurfacepreparedinthesamewayasthe

enamel preparation.

Thetestcomparedtwouniversaladhesives,FuturabondU

(VOCO)andScotchbondUniversal(3MESPE).Theadhesive

systemswereappliedonthepreparedsurfacesinaccordance

with the manufacturers’ instructions (in both the self-etch and

the total etch mode) and a light-curing composite (GrandioSO,

VOCO)applied(compositecylinder:diameter0.8 mmand

height2mm).20ofeachtypeoftestspecimenwerepro-

duced,ofwhichhalfweresubjectedtothethermocycling

processtosimulateartificialageing(5,000cycles,5°C/55°C).

The micro-shear bond strength measurements were then taken

with the universal testing machine (Instron).

Results

FuturabondUdisplaysexcellentmicro-shearbondstrength

valuesonenamelanddentinebothinitiallyandfollowingthe

thermocyclingprocess,irrespectiveofwhetherthetotaletchor

self-etch mode was used.

2.1. investigation of micro-shear bond strength on human enamel and dentine depending on etching technique

El Mahallawy S.A., Abdalla A., Effect of Thermocycling on Bond Strength of Self-etch Adhesives, J Dent Res 92 (Spec Iss B):

287, 2013.

test specimens etching mode for adhesive curing mode for adhesive curing mode for composite

Human teeth Self-etch Light-curing Light-curing

Enamel / dentine and total-etch

8 9


Figure 2: Micro-shear bond strength [MPa] on enamel and dentine, total-etch and self-etch mode,initiallyandfollowingthermocycling,Lc composite.

FuturabondU

Initially

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

FollowingTC

FuturabondU

FollowingTC

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

Initially

FuturabondU

Initially

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

FollowingTC

FuturabondU

FollowingTC

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

Initially

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Total-etch Self-etch

Enamel Dentine


1110

Aim

Inthisstudy,comparableshearbondstrengthmeasurements

of universal and self-etch adhesives in combination with a

light-curing composite were performed on bovine dentine /

enamel.

Simulated indications

[A1]Adhesivefordirectrestorationsofallclassesofcavities



[A2]Adhesiveforcorebuild-upsmadeoflight-curing

composite materials.

[A3]Adhesiveforindirectrestorationswithlight-curingluting

composites.

Study design

Bovine anterior teeth were prepared and embedded in an

epoxyresinmatrix.Tocreateevensurfaces,thesurfacesof

the teeth were processed with silicon carbide sandpaper

(1,000grain).TheadhesivesystemsusedarelistedinFig.3.

Theywereappliedinself-etchmodeandthenlight-cured

inaccordancewiththemanufacturers’specifications.The

light-curing composite GrandioSO (VOCO) was applied to the

adhesivelayerandlight-curedinaccordancewiththemanu-

facturer’sspecifications.Theshearbondstrengthmeasure-

ments were then performed with a universal testing machine

(Zwick roell) as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

FuturabondUandFuturabondM+achieveexcellentadhesion

values in self-etch mode on enamel and dentine. With one

exception,thehighshearbondstrengthsofFuturabondUand

Futurabond M+onbovinedentinedifferconsiderablyfrom

thoseoftheotheradhesivesystemsinvestigated.

2.2. investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (adhesive: Lc, composite: Lc)

R&D VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany, 2013 - 2014, as per ISO / TS 11405.


Bovine teeth Self-etch

Light-curing Light-curing

Enamel / dentine

10 11


Figure 3: Shear bond strength [MPa] on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (Lc), Lc composite.

FuturabondU

Prime&Bond

Ele

ct (+)

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

FuturabondM+

All-Bond

Universal

Clearfil

UniversalBond

Xeno

Sel

ect

AdheSE

Universal

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Universaladhesives Self-etch adhesives

Enamel Dentine

ClearfilSE

Bon

d 2

(+)

Opt

ibon

d All-In-One

Opt

ibon

d XT

r

ClearfilDCBond

ClearfilS

3

Bon

d P

lus

iBon

d S

E

AdperPrompt

L-P

op

1312

Aim

Inthisstudy,comparativeshearbondstrengthmeasurements

of universal and total etch adhesives in combination with a

light-curing composite were performed on bovine dentine /

enamel.


[A1] Adhesivefordirectrestorationsofallclassesofcavities



[A2] Adhesiveforcorebuild-upsmadeoflight-curing

composite materials.

[A3] Adhesiveforindirectrestorationswithlight-curingluting

composites.

Study design

Bovine anterior teeth were used as the test specimens for

shear bond strength measurements. The teeth were prepared

andembeddedinanepoxyresinmatrix.Thesurfacesofthe

teeth were then processed with silicon carbide sandpaper

(1,000 grain)toachieveevensurfaces.Theadhesivesys-

temsusedfortheinvestigationarelistedinFig.4.Theywere

applied in total-etch mode and then light-cured in accord-

ancewiththemanufacturers’specifications.Thelight-curing

composite GrandioSO (VOCO) was applied to the adhesive

layerandlight-curedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s

specifications.Theshearbondstrengthmeasurementswere

then performed with a universal testing machine (Zwick roell)

as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

Intotaletchmode,FuturabondUandFuturabondM+display

highshearbondstrengthvaluesonenamelanddentine.Ad-

ditional etching of the dental hard tissue does not result in a

noticeable change to the adhesion values on dentine, but does

lead to an improved adhesive strength on enamel (see compar-

isonofFigures3and4).

2.3. investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (adhesive: Lc, composite: Lc)



Bovine teeth Total-etch


Enamel / dentine

12 13


Figure 4: Shear bond strength [MPa] on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (Lc), Lc composite.

FuturabondU

Prime&Bond

Ele

ct (+)

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

FuturabondM+

All-Bond

Universal

Xeno

Sel

ect

AdheSE

Universal

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Universaladhesives Total-etch adhesives

Enamel Dentine

Clearfil

UniversalBond

Syntac

Prime&Bond

NT

XP B

ond

iBon

d TE

OptibondFL

1514

Aim

The investigation shows comparative shear bond strength

measurements of universal and self-etch adhesives in combina-

tion with a self-curing composite on bovine dentine / enamel.


[F1] Adhesivefordirectself-curingordual-curingcomposite


[F2] Adhesiveforindirectrestorationsusingdual-curingor


Study design

The bovine anterior teeth were prepared and embedded in an

epoxyresinmatrix.Tocreateevensurfaces,thesurfacesofthe

teeth were processed with silicon carbide sandpaper (1,000

grain).Figure5showstheadhesivesystemsusedintheinves-

tigation.

Theywereappliedinself-etchmodeandlight-curedinaccord-

ancewiththemanufacturers’specifications.Thedual-curing

core build-up composite Grandio Core Dual Cure was applied

totheadhesivelayerandchemicallycuredinaccordancewith

themanufacturer’sspecifications.Theshearbondstrength

measurements were then performed with a universal testing

machine (Zwick roell) as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

In our experience, lower adhesion values are measured in

combination with a dual-curing composite, which is due to the

chemical curing of the composite. The shear bond strengths

ofFuturabondUarehigherthantheotheruniversaladhesives

tested.FuturabondM+wasmixedtogetherwithFuturabondM+

DCA(DualCureActivator)priortotheapplication.Theadhe-

sion values achieved with the bottle version of the universal

adhesivearealmostidenticaltothosewithFuturabondU.

2.4. investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (adhesive: Lc, composite: Sc)

R&D VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany, 2013 - 2014, ISO / TS 11405.



Light-curing Self-curing

Enamel / dentine

14 15


Figure 5: Shear bond strength [MPa] on bovine dentine / enamel in self-etch mode (Lc), Sc composite.

(*)Thedual-cureorself-cureactivatoravailablefromtherespectivecompanywasusedfortheseproductsinordertoguaranteecompatibilitywiththedual-curingcomposite.

(°)ClearfilS3BondPluswastestedtogetherwithClearfilDCCorePlus.

FuturabondU

Prime&Bond

Ele

ct (

*)(+

)

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal(*)

FuturabondM+

(*)

All-Bond

Universal

ClearfilSE

Bon

d 2

(*)

(+)

Clearfil

UniversalBond

(*)

AdheSE

Universal

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

[Mpa]


Enamel Dentine

ClearfilDCBond

ClearfilS

3

BondPlus(°)

Opt

ibon

d XT

r

1716

Aim

The test shows comparative shear bond strength measure-

ments of universal and total etch adhesives in combination

with a self-curing composite on bovine dentine / enamel.


[F1] Adhesivefordirectself-curingordual-curingcomposite


[F2] Adhesiveforindirectrestorationsusingdual-curingor


Study design

Bovine anterior teeth were used to measure the shear bond

strength.Theywerepreparedandembeddedinanepoxyresin

matrix. To ensure uniform conditions, the surfaces of the teeth

were processed with silicon carbide sandpaper (1,000 grain).

Figure6showstheresultsoftheadhesivesystemsinvesti-

gatedinthemeasurement.Theywereappliedintotal-etch

mode and then light-cured in accordance with the manufac-

turers’specifications.Thedual-curingcorebuild-upcomposite

GrandioCoreDualCurewasappliedtotheadhesivelayer

andchemicallycuredinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s

specifications.Theshearbondstrengthmeasurementswere

then performed with a universal testing machine (Zwick roell)

as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

Comparedwiththeotheradhesivesystemstested,Futurabond

Udisplaysconsiderablybetteradhesionvalues,particularlyon

dentine.

2.5. investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (adhesive: Lc, composite: Sc)

R&D VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany, 2013 - 2014, ISO / TS 11405.


Bovine teeth Total-etch

Light-curing Self-curing

Enamel / dentine

16 17


Figure 6: Shear bond strength [MPa] on bovine dentine / enamel in total-etch mode (Lc), Sc composite.


FuturabondU

Prime&Bond

Ele

ct (

*)(+

)

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal(*)

FuturabondM+

(*)

All-Bond

Universal

XP B

ond

(*)

Clearfil

UniversalBond

(*)

AdheSE

Universal

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Universaladhesives Total-etch adhesives

Enamel Dentine

Prime&Bond

NT

(*)

Syntac

iBon

d TE

OptibondFL

1918

Aim

Inthisstudy,comparativeshearbondstrengthmeasurements

of universal and self-etch adhesives in combination with a

self-curing composite were performed.

Simulated indication

[G] Luting of root posts with dual-curing or self-curing luting

composites.

test design

Bovine anterior teeth were used to measure the shear bond

strength.Theteethwerepreparedandembeddedinanepoxy

resin matrix. To create even surfaces, the surfaces of the teeth

were processed with silicon carbide sandpaper (1,000 grain).

TheadhesivesystemsusedarelistedinFig.7.Theywere

applied in the self-etch mode in accordance with the manu-

facturers’specifications.Thenthedual-curingcorebuild-up

composite Grandio Core Dual Cure was applied to the adhe-

sivelayerandallowedtocurechemicallyinaccordancewith

themanufacturer’sspecifications.Theshearbondstrength

measurements were then performed with a universal testing

machine (Zwick roell) as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

TheadhesionvaluesforFuturabondUareconsiderablyhigher

thanthosefortheotheradhesivesystemstested.

2.6. investigation of shear bond strength on bovine dentine in self-etch mode (adhesive: Sc, composite: Sc)




Self-curing Self-curing

Dentine

18 19


Figure 7: Shear bond strength [MPa] on bovine dentine in self-etch mode (Sc), Sc composite.


Scotchbond Universal(*)

FuturabondM+(*)

Prime&BondElect (*)(+)

ClearfilSEBond2 (*)(+)

ClearfilUniversalBond (*)

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

[Mpa]


Dentine

ClearfilDCBondFuturabondU

2120

2.7. investigation of tensile bond strength on bovine dentine / enamel (self-etch and total-etch mode)

Torres C.R.G., Influence of previous acid etching on bonding strength of self-etch adhesives to enamel and dentin, São José dos

Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

Aim

The investigation shows the effect of an earlier etching

stage on the tensile bond strength of the universal adhesives

FuturabondU(VOCO)andScotchbondUniversal(3MESPE)

on enamel and dentine in combination with a light-curing

composite.

Study design

Thisstudyused112freshlyextracted,undamagedbovine

teeth. The teeth were divided into two groups (enamel and

dentine).Followingpreparationandembeddinginaresin

matrix, the respective surfaces were then processed with

silicon carbide sandpaper (600 grain) to create a standardised

smearlayer.Thetestspecimensweretheninturndivided

intotwogroupsforeachsubstrate(FuturabondU,

ScotchbondUniversal).Finally,eachgroupwasfurtherdivided

intofoursubgroupsandtherespectiveadhesivesystemap-

plied in accordance with the instructions for use. GrandioSO

(VOCO)inA2wasemployedasthecomposite,appliedina

2mmlayerandthenlight-curedfor20seconds.Following

removal of the matrix, light curing was performed again from

all sides.

Results

FuturabondUisauniversaladhesivesystem,whichcanbe

used for all etching techniques. The high tensile bond strength

values overall amaze across the board. It is possible to achieve

outstanding adhesion values on enamel and dentine both in

self-etch mode and in total etch mode.


Bovine teeth Self-etch Light-curing Light-curing


20 21


Figure 8: Tensilebondstrengthvalues[MPa]onenamelanddentine.Thegraphshowstheresultsintheself-etchandtotal-etchmodesforFuturabondUand ScotchbondUniversalincombinationwithalight-curingcomposite.

FuturabondU Scotchbond Universal

FuturabondU Scotchbond Universal

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Total-etch Self-etch

Enamel Dentine

2322

2.8. Investigation of cuspal deflection / marginal integrity

Kearns J.O., Barry J.G., Fleming G.J.P., Cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage scores to determine the adhesive potential of

universal bonding systems, Journal of Dentistry, 42 (2014) 970 - 976.

Aim

Thestudyinvestigatedcuspmovementandmarginalintegrity

for standardised MOD cavities. These were treated using the

incremental technique with composites in combination with

theadhesivesystemrecommendedbythemanufacturerunder

total etch or self-etch conditions.

Study design

Forthisstudy56caries-freepremolarswereused,andlarge

standardisedMODcavitiesprepared.Theyweredividedinto

seven groups, see Table 3.

Cusp movement

EachcompositeincrementinsertedintheMODcavitywas

light-cured for 20 seconds. The cusp movement was deter-

minedfollowingthelightpolymerisationafter0,30,60and

180 seconds, and then the total calculated.


Human teeth Self-etch Light-curing Light-curing


table 3: Group distribution of the test set-up

Group composite Adhesive etching mode

A Filtek Supreme Xte Scotchbond Universal

Total-etch

(3M ESPE) (3M ESPE)

B Filtek Supreme Xte Scotchbond Universal

Self-etch

(3M ESPE) (3M ESPE)

C GrandioSo Futurabond U

Total-etch

(VOCO) (VOCO)

D Spectrum tpH 3 prime&Bond elect (+)

Total-etch

(Dentsply) (Dentsply)

E GrandioSo Futurabond U

Self-etch

(VOCO) (VOCO)

F Spectrum tpH 3 prime&Bond elect (+)

Self-etch


G Filtek Supreme Xte Adper prompt L-pop

Self-etch

(3M ESPE) (3M ESPE)

22 23


Figure 9: Cusp movement [µm], MOD cavities prepared teeth treated with adhesive / composite.

(*)AdperPromptL-Popisapurelyself-etchingadhesive.

GrandioSO/FuturabondU FiltekSupremeXTE/ScotchbondU

Spectrum TPH 3 / Prime&BondElect(+)

FiltekSupremeXTE/ AdperPromptL-Pop(*)

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

[μm]

Self-etch Total-etch

2524

Marginal integrity

Afterwards,therestorationsweretestedfortheirmarginal

integrity.Tothisend,theteethweresealed.Waxwasused

fortheapicalsealandallthetoothsurfaceswereadditionally

coatedwithnailvarnish.A1-mm-widestriparoundtheresto-

rationmarginswasleftexposed.Afterthermocycling,theteeth

were immersed in fuchsin for 24 hours (basic, 0.2 %), cut into,

examined under a microscope to determine the penetration

depthofthecolourantandthenclassifiedusingthemarginal

integrityfactorsspecifiedinTable4.

0 1 2 3 4

No

penetration

bythe

colourant

Superficial

penetration (not

beyondthe

enamel-dentine

junction)

Penetration

along the

gingivalfloor

Penetration

as far as the axial wall

right up to the pulp

Penetration

of the

pulp chamber

table 4:Explanationofthemarginalintegrityfactors

24 25


Results

ThetreatmentofMODcavitiesusingFuturabondU/

GrandioSO impresses right across the board. The cusp

movement which occurs during curing is minimal and does

not depend on the etching technique used. The subsequent

marginalintegritymeasurementsshowveryimpressivevalues,

whichlikewisedonotdiffersignificantlydependingonthe

etching technique used.

Figure 10: Marginalintegrityfactorsofvariousadhesivesystemswiththerespectivemanufacturer’sowncomposite.Theboxplotillustratesthesumofthemarginalintegrityfactorsbasedonthemedian(*),thequartiles(**)andtheextremevalues.Theboxshowstheinterquartilerange(***),whichincludes50%ofthemarginalintegrityfactors.Theantennaeshowthehighestandlowestvalueswhichoccurredduringthemeasurements.Theblacklineintheboxshowsthemedianmarginalintegrityfactor.

(*) Median: Midpoint value for distributions in statistics (0.5 quantile).

(**) Quartiles: (e.g., 25 %, 50 %, 75 %).

(***) Interquartile range: Difference between the upper quartile (75 %) and the lower quartile (25 %).

Gra

ndio

SO

/ FuturabondU

(TE

)

FiltekSupremeXTE/

ScotchbondUniversal

(SE

)

FiltekSupremeXTE/

ScotchbondUniversal

(TE

)

Gra

ndio

SO

/ FuturabondU

(SE

)

Spe

ctru

m T

PH

3 /

Prime&BondElect(+)

(TE

)

FiltekSupremeXTE/

AdperPromptL-Pop

(S

E)

Spe

ctru

m T

PH

3 /

Prime&BondElect(+)

(SE

)

4

3

2

1

0

[Mar

gina

l int

egri

ty f

acto

r]

2726

2.9. investigation of dentine permeability of universal adhesives depending on etching technique

Torres C.R.G., Effects of universal adhesive systems using self-etch or total-etch mode on dentin permeability, São José dos

Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

table 5: Overview of the materials and versions used

Material etching mode Application

Admira protect

Applyandallowtoactfor20s,dryfor5s,lightcurefor10s

(Control / VOCO)

repeat procedure a second time

Futurabond U

Self-etch

Applyandrubinfor20s,dryfor5s,lightcurefor10s

(VOCO)

Futurabond U

Total-etch

Etch with 35 % phosphoric acid for 15 s, then rinse for 20 s,

(VOCO) soak up excess water with paper


Scotchbond Universal

Self-etch

Applyandrubinfor20s,dryfor5s,lightcurefor10s(3M ESPE)

Etch with 35 % phosphoric acid for 15 s, then rinse for 20 s,

Scotchbond Universal Total-etch

soak up excess water with paper(3M ESPE)


Aim

TheeffectivenessofthetwouniversaladhesivesFuturabondU

(VOCO)andScotchbondUniversal(3MESPE)asdesensitisers

wascomparedwiththespeciallydevelopeddesensitiser

AdmiraProtect(VOCO).Theeffectofadditionaletchingon

dentine sealing was also examined.

Study design

Thestudyused1-mm-thickdentinediscstakenfromthe

buccal wall of extracted bovine incisors. Grinding was carried

out using silicone carbide sandpaper in order to ensure the

standardised uniform thickness of all dentine bodies, which is

importantformeasuringpermeability.6%citricacidwasused

to open the dentinal tubules on the side of the pulp. The buc-

caltubuleswereopenedbyimmersingthedentinebodiesin

waterfor30minutes.Finally,thetestspecimenswerestored

for a further 10 minutes in an ultrasonic bath in 70 % ethanol.

Permeabilitywasmeasuredatapressureof10psi(~0.7bar)

for2minutes,withthemaximumpermeabilityforeachtest

specimeninitiallydeterminedasareference,i.e.permeability

was determined without the previous use of a desensitiser. The

testspecimenswerethendividedintofivegroupsanddiffer-

ent versions of desensitising were applied which are set out

in Table 5. The test specimens on which the tried and tested

desensitiser,AdmiraProtect,wasappliedservedasacontrol

each time.

test specimens etching mode for adhesive curing mode for adhesive

Human teeth Self-etch and Light-curing

Dentine total etch

26 27


Results

FuturabondUcanbeusedasasafeandreliabledesensitiser

incasesofexposedtoothnecks.Practicallyidenticalresults

are achieved in both the self-etch and total etch mode. The

universal adhesive delivers comparable results for the sealing

ofthedentinaltubulestothespeciallydevelopeddesensitiser

AdmiraProtect.

Figure 11: Sealingofthedentinaltubules[%]followingapplicationofthedifferentdesensitisersAdmiraProtect,FuturabondUandScotchbondUniversal.

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

[%]

AdmiraProtect (control group)

ScotchbondUniversal(Self-etch)

FuturabondU (Total-etch)

ScotchbondUniversal(Total-etch)

FuturabondU (Self-etch)

2928

2.10. Measurement of shear bond strength following repairs on different materials


Aim

Thisstudyperformedcomparativeshearbondstrengthmeas-

urements on universal adhesives on different dental materials.

The universal adhesives were applied in the self-etch mode in

combination with a light-curing composite.

Simulated indication

[B] Intraoral repair of composite, compomer or OrMOCEr®

restorations, ceramic veneers and all-ceramic restora-

tions without an additional primer.

Study design

Test specimens of the corresponding materials were used to

measuretheshearbondstrength(seeTable6).Theywere

mechanicallyroughenedbymeansofblastingwithaluminium

oxide (50 µm). Once the test specimens had been cleaned, the

respective universal adhesive was applied in accordance with

themanufacturer’sspecifications.Thelight-curingcomposite

GrandioSO (VOCO) was then applied in accordance with the

manufacturer’sspecifications.Afterthat,theshearbond


Ceramic, metal, Self-etch


composite

Material name Base material

Aluminiumoxide

Zirconium dioxide Ceramic

Silicate ceramic

degunorm“preciousmetal”(Degudent)Metalalloy

Wirobond c“non-preciousmetal”(Bego)

GrandioSo“nanohybridcomposite” Resin

(VOCO)

table 6: Materials used

strength was determined with a universal testing machine

(Zwick roell).

28 29


Figure 12: Shear bond strength [MPa], different materials following repairs with universal adhesives and composite materials.

Aluminiumoxideceramic

Degunorm “preciousmetal”

Silicate ceramic Wirobond C “non-precious

metal”

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

FuturabondU FuturabondM+ ScotchbondUniversal

Zirconium dioxide ceramic

GrandioSO “nanohybridcomposite”

Results

Therestorativesinvestigatedheredisplaydifferencesinthe

adhesion values achieved following repairs with composite,

although it was possible to achieve adhesion values which

aremorethansufficientlyhighforpermanentadhesionfor

allsubstances.FuturabondM+andFuturabondUdisplayed

the highest adhesive strengths on zirconium dioxide. Never-

theless,aluminiumoxide,compositeandNPMalloysarealso

verywellsuitedtorepairswithcomposite,astheydisplayed

veryhighadhesionvaluesinthetest.Despitethesomewhat

lower adhesion values for the silicate ceramics and precious

metalalloysincomparison,sufficientlyhighadhesionvalues

forFuturabondUandFuturabondM+asadhesiveswerealso

achieved for these material categories.

3130

2.11. investigation of the adhesion of zirconium dioxide to different core build-up materials

Torres C.R.G., Bond strength of zirconia to core materials, São José dos Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

Aim

Theaimofthisstudywastoanalysetheadhesionbetween

differentdentalmaterials,establishedbytheapplicationof

FuturabondU(VOCO)andBifixQM(VOCO),usingshearbond

strength measurements.

Study design

72zirconiumdioxidecylinders(2.2×2.0mm)(e.maxZirCAD,

Ivoclar Vivadent) were used, which had been sintered and

blasted (rocatec procedure, 3M ESPE) prior to the cementing.

test specimens Workpiece etching mode curing mode curing mode

for adhesive for adhesive for composite

Bovine teeth,

metal, composite, Zirconium dioxide Self-etch Light-curing Dual-curing

zirconium dioxide

BesidetheactualbondingagentFuturabondU(VOCO),

BifixQM(VOCO)wasusedasalutingcomposite.

Theattachmentofthezirconiumdioxidecylinderstoenamel/

dentine(freshlyextractedandpreparedbovineteeth)wasused

asareference.Inaddition,adhesiontometal(alloysofsilver/

tin/copper,Technofixandcopper/nickel/zinc/alumini-

um,GoldentLA),toacomposite(RebildaDC,VOCO)andto

zirconiumdioxide(e.max,IvoclarVivadent)wastested.Allthe

Available material Bonding agent(*) Luting composite indirect restoration

dentine (reference I)

enamel (reference II)

Rebilda dc

(core build-up, VOCO)

Metal alloy Futurabond U (VOCO) Bifix QM (VOCO) Zirconium dioxide (e.max

(Cu/Ni/Zn/Al,GoldentLA) ZircAd, Ivoclar Vivadent)

Metal alloy

(Ag/Sn/Cu,Technofix)

Zirconium dioxide (e.max

ZircAd, Ivoclar Vivadent)


(*)ThebondingagentFuturabondUwasusedbothasthebondbetweenthelutingcompositeandtherespectivetestspecimenandbetweenthelutingcompositeandthezirconiumdioxidecylinder.

30 31

ScientiFic coMpendiUMScientiFic coMpendiUM

Figure 13: Shearbondstrength[MPa]ofFuturabondUincombinationwithBifixQMandzirconiumdioxideondifferentrestorativesandnaturaldentalhardtissue.

Dentine (reference I)

Metalalloy (Cu/Ni/Zn/Al)

rebilda DC (core build-up

composite)

Metalalloy (Ag/Sn/Cu)

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

Enamel (reference II)

Zirconium dioxide (ceramic)

testspecimensandthezirconiumdioxidecylindersweretreated

withFuturabondUinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s

specifications.BifixQMwasthenappliedtothesurfacesofthe

zirconiumdioxidecylindersandtherespectivetestspecimens

attached. The number of test specimens in each of the six

groupswasn =12.Table7offersanoverviewofthematerials

used, which were processed in accordance with the manufactur-

er’sspecifications.Thestabilityofthefinalrestorationswasde-

termined based on shear bond strength as per ISO / TS 11405.

Results

FuturabondUcanbeusedsafelyandreliablybydentistson

all restoratives and natural dental hard tissue. It can be used

bothasaconventionaladhesivesystemondentalhardtissue

orasaconditionerfordentalalloys–itmakesnodifference

whatsoever! The excellent adhesion values on the zirconium

dioxideceramicsareduetothehighsurfaceaffinityofthe

acidicadhesivemonomerscontainedinFuturabondU.

3332

2.12. the potential of novel primers and universal adhesives to bond to zirconium dioxide

Amaral M., Belli R., Cesar P.F., Valandro L.F., Petschelt A., Lohbauer U., The potential of novel primers and universal adhesives

to bond to zirconia, Journal of Dentistry, 42, 90 - 98, 2014.

Aim

Thisstudyinvestigatedtheadhesionestablishedbycondition-

ing of zirconium dioxide ceramic surfaces with novel primers

and universal adhesives.

Study design

This investigation used 225 blocks of zirconium dioxide (Vita

In-Ceram,VitaZahnfabrik)(H×W×L=3.0×3.0×9.3 mm),

whichweresinteredat1,530°Cfor2hourspriortothe


*Universaladhesive**Primer

conditioning

Futurabond M+ * (VOCO)

Scotchbond Universal * (3M ESPE)

Z-prime plus ** (Bisco Inc.)

Monobond plus ** (Ivoclar Vivadent)

AZ primer ** (Shofu Inc.)

Without primer

Futurabond M+ (VOCO)

Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE)

Z-prime plus (Bisco)

Monobond plus (Ivoclar Vivadent)

AZ primer (Shofu)

Without primer

porcelain primer ** (Shofu Inc.)

S-Bond ** (Danville)

pre-treatment of the

zirconium dioxide blocks

(Vita in-ceram,

Vita Zahnfabrik)

No pre-treatment

Blasting(35µmAl2O3)

Blasting (30 µm SiO2)

(Rocatec Soft, Rocatec system,

3M ESPE)

Blasting (30 µm SiO2)

(SilJet system, Danville)

Luting

composite

Antagonist

of indirect

restoration

Variolink ii

(Ivoclar Vivadent)

ipS e.max press

(Ivoclar Vivadent)

A

B

c

Gro

up

32 33


measurements. The zirconium dioxide was prepared in four

differentwaysanddividedinto15subgroups(n=15)intotal.

AlltheparametersarelistedinTable8.Theantagonisttothe

indirect restoration was simulated using a lithium disilicate

ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent). Variolink II (Ivo-

clar Vivadent) was used as the luting composite in all cases.

Pre-treatmentwiththeRocatec(3MESPE)/SilJetsystem

(Danville)isviewedasthegoldstandardinthisstudyandcan

thereforebetakenasthecontrolfortheresults.Following

luting,therestorationswerestoredinwater(37°C)for

24hoursandthenagedartificiallybymeansofthermocycling

(5°C/55°C,2,500cycles).Theadhesionvalueswerethen

determined.

Results

FuturabondM+createsasafeandreliableadhesivebondto

zirconium dioxide. The best results can be achieved when the

zirconium dioxide surface is blasted with aluminium oxide

particles in advance.

Figure 14: Shear bond strength [MPa] of different conditioners to zirconium dioxide without pre-treatment and with pre-treatment of the ceramic.

FuturabondM+

Z-P

rim

e P

lus

Mon

obon

d P

lus

No

prim

er

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[Mpa]

No pre-treatment Blasting Silication

Sco

tchb

ond

Universal

roc

atec

/ P

orce

lain

P

rim

er

SilJ

et /

S-B

ond

AZPrimer


3534

2.13. teM investigations of the bonding layer between Futurabond U and dentine when using in self-etch and total-etch mode

Arantes-Oliveira S., TEM investigations of the bonding layer between Futurabond U and dentine when using in self-etch and

total-etch mode, Faculty of Dentistry, Biomaterials Department, University of Lisbon, Portugal, report to VOCO, 2014.

Aim

Inthisstudy,theadhesive/dentinebondinglayerdepending

on various etching modes was investigated with the aid of

transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).

Study design

Thestudyused12caries-freehumanteeth,fromwhich12

dentinediscswerecut.FuturabondU(VOCO)wasappliedin

accordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications,once


Human teeth Self-etch


and total-etch

in the self-etch mode and once in the total-etch mode. The

compositeGrandioSOFlow(VOCO)wasthenappliedand

light-cured. The discs were divided into little rods with a cross

section of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm2 using a precision saw (IsoMet1000,

Buehler). The test specimens were then prepared for the

TEManalysisandexaminedusingananalyticaltransmission

electron microscope (H-8100, Hitachi) with an acceleration

voltage of 100 KV.

c

HLA

d

Figure a: 1,000×magnification.

c

HLA

d

Figure b: 2,000×magnification.

c

HL

A

d

Figure c: 5,000×magnification.

Self-etch mode, Futurabond U / GrandioSo Flow

Figures a-c: TEMimagesofthecomposite/adhesive/dentinebondinglayer(1,000×,2,000×and5,000×magnification),FuturabondU(self-etchmode)/ GrandioSOFlow(abbreviationsemployed:A:Adhesive,C:Composite,HL:Hybridlayer,D:Dentine)

34 35


c

HL

A

d

Figure d: 2,000×magnification.

HL

A

d

Figure e: 5,000×magnification.

total etch mode, Futurabond U / GrandioSo Flow

Figures d and e:

TEMimagesofthecomposite/adhesive/dentinebondinglayer(2,000×and5,000×magnification),FuturabondU(total-etchmode)/ GrandioSOFlow(abbreviationsemployed:A:Adhesive,C:Composite,HL:Hybridlayer,D:Dentine)

Figures d and e:

TEMimagesofthecomposite/adhesive/dentinebondinglayer(2,000×and5,000×magnification),FuturabondU(total-etchmode)/ GrandioSOFlow(abbreviationsemployed:A:Adhesive,C:Composite,HL:Hybridlayer,D:Dentine)

Figures f and g: TEMimagesofthecomposite/adhesive/dentinebondinglayer(10,000×and25,000×magnification),FuturabondU(self-etchmode)/GrandioSOFlow. TheorangearrowsindicatecollagenfibresinFigurefandhydroxyapatitecrystalsinFigureg.

Figure f: 10,000×magnification. Figure g: 25,000×magnification.


Results

TheTEManalysisshowsthatathickeradhesive/dentinebonding

layerisachievedintotaletchmodethaninself-etchmode.

Bothhydroxyapatitecrystalsandcollagenfibreswere

identified.


3736

2.14. teM investigations into nanoleakage on the contact surface between Futurabond U and dentine when using in self-etch and total-etch mode

Arantes-Oliveira S., TEM investigations into nanoleakage on the contact surface between Futurabond U and dentine when using

in self-etch and total-etch mode, Faculty of Dentistry, Biomaterials Department, University of Lisbon, Portugal, report to VOCO,

2014.

Aim

Inthisinvestigation,silverparticlesweredetectedbymeans

oftransmissionelectronmicroscopy,whichprovidedinforma-

tionontheintensityofthenanoleakageatthecontactsurface

between the adhesive and dentine.

Study design

The investigation used 12 caries-free human molars, from

which12dentinediscswerecut.FuturabondU(VOCO)was

appliedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications,

once in the self-etch mode and once in the total-etch mode.

ThecompositeGrandioSOFlow(VOCO)wasthenapplied


Human teeth Self-etch


and total-etch

and light-cured. The discs were divided into little rods with

a cross section of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm2 using a precision saw

(IsoMet1000, Buehler). Half of the test specimens were sealed

with2coatsofquick-dryingnailvarnish,leavingagapof

1mmtothebondedboundarysurface.Thetestspecimens

were then immersed in a 50 % silver nitrate solution (pH 9.5)

for 24 hours, before being left in a photo development solution

underfluorescentlightfor8hours.Thesilverpenetrationat

theadhesiveboundarysurfacewasthenexaminedusinga

transmission electron microscope (H-8100, Hitachi) with an

acceleration voltage of 100 KV.

36 37


Ag

Figure a: 1,000×magnification. Figure b: 2,000×magnification.


Figure c: 1,000×magnification. Figure d: 2,000×magnification.

total etch mode, Futurabond U / GrandioSo Flow

More silver was detected for the total etch mode compared

with the self-etch mode. Viewed overall, however, the two

etchingmodeshardlydiffered.

Ag

Ag

HL

HL

d

d

A

Results

TheTEMimagesshowahomogeneouslyformedbondinglayer

for the self-etch mode. No relevant nanoleakage can be ob-

served after immersion in a silver nitrate solution for 24 hours.

Figures c and d: TEMimages,FuturabondU(inthetotal-etchmode)/GrandioSOFlow.Thetestspecimenswereimmersedinasilvernitratesolutionfor24hoursandthendeveloped.(Abbreviationsused:A:Adhesive,D:Dentine,HL:Hybridlayer,Ag:Silverparticles)

Figures a and b: TEMimages,FuturabondU(intheself-etchmode)/GrandioSOFlow.Thetestspecimenswereimmersedinasilvernitratesolutionfor24hoursandthendeveloped.(Abbreviationused:Ag:Silverparticles)

3938

2.15. push-out bond strength tests on Rebilda posts luted adhesively

Sorrenti E., Debenedetti A., Caserta M., Push-out bond strength of Rebilda Post to root canal dentin using Grandio Core Dual Cure

and a VOCO universal adhesive: a preliminary report, University of Genoa, Italy, 2014.

Aim

Inthisstudy,push-outbondstrengthtestswereperformed

in order to determine the adhesive strength of the root posts

lutedadhesively.

Study design

Thestudywasperformedon80humanteeth(1root).Inan

initialstep,theteethweretreatedendodontically.Theroots

wereembeddedinacylinderofself-curingacrylicresin.

The root canals were then prepared for the post insertion

(8 - 9 mm), with the apical seal (4 - 5 mm) being preserved.

The prepared test specimens were divided into four groups,

whichareshowninTable9.Aglass-fibre-reinforcedcomposite

root post (rebilda Post, VOCO) was used for all of the tests.

table 9: Overview of the materials involved

Group Adhesive system Luting composite Root post Silane

1 Futurabond U Grandio core dual cure

(VOCO) (VOCO)

2 LuxaBond Luxa core Z-dual

(DMG) (DMG) Rebilda post ceramic Bond

3 prime&Bond elect (+) core-X Flow

(VOCO) (VOCO)


4 clearfil dc Bond clearfil dc core plus

(Kuraray) (Kuraray)

Followingthecorrespondingcleaningstage,thepostwascoat-

edcompletelywithacouplingsilane(CeramicBond,VOCO).

Therespectiveadhesivesystemandcorrespondingflowable

luting composite were then applied (in accordance with the

manufacturer’sspecifications).Thematerialsusedarelistedin

Table9.Thepostwasinsertedimmediatelyafterthefillingof

thelutingcomposite.After4-5daysimmersedinwaterat

37°C,thetestspecimenswerepreparedasfollows:Alow

speed saw (Isomet, Buehler) was used to divide each test

specimen into three segments (coronal, medial, apical)

perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the root under water

cooling. The expulsion tests were performed with a universal

testingmachine(H5K-S,HounsfieldTestEquipment).

38 39


Figure 15: Values measured [N/mm2] in the push-out test.

Prime&BondElect(+) / CoreX-Flow

FuturabondU/ Grandio Core Dual Cure

ClearfilDCBond/ ClearfilDCCorePlus

25

20

15

10

5

0

[n/mm2]

Coronal segment Medial segment Apicalsegment

LuxaBond / LuxaCore Z Dual

Results

ThecombinationoftheuniversaladhesiveFuturabondU,

Grandio Core Dual Cure, rebilda Post and Ceramic Bond

delivered the highest values for the push-out measurement on

averageinthisstudy.Figure15showsthecomparisontothe

other materials tested.

4140

3.1. clinical results of class V restorations after 1 year

Abdalla A., Clinical Evaluation of two Universal Adhesives, J Dent Res, Vol 93 (C), 618 (PER), 2014.

3. in-vivo studies

Aim

The4-yearstudyassessesclassVrestorationsinaccordance

withselectedUSPHScriteria.[1] Intermediate results after

12 monthsarepresented.

Study design

53patientsbetween18and55yearsofagetookpartinthe

study.Atotalof120classVrestorationswerepreparedand

treatedwiththecombinationofFuturabondU/GrandioSO

(VOCO)orScotchbondUniversal/FiltekZ350(3MESPE).

test subjects etching mode for adhesive curing mode for adhesive curing mode for composite

53 patients Self-etch and total-etch Light-curing Light-curing

table 10: Overview of the materials used

Group Adhesive system etching mode composite Abb. used

1 Futurabond U (VOCO) Self-etch GrandioSo(VOCO) FBUSEmode

2 Futurabond U (VOCO) Total-etch GrandioSo(VOCO) FBUTEmode

3 Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) Self-etch Filtek Z 350(3MESPE) SBUSEmode

4 Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) Total-etch Filtek Z 350(3MESPE) SBUTEmode

Onlycarieslesionsinmaxillaryandmandibularpremolars

andmaxillaryanteriorteethwereselected.Eachpatientwas

givenatleasttworestorationswhichwerefilledwithoneof

the tested material combinations. The teeth to be treated were

cleanedwithafluoride-freeprophylaxispasteusingarubber

cup. In each case, the buccal surfaces of the class V resto-

rationswerepreparedandstandardcavitydimensionswere

selected: 3 - 4 mm occluso-gingival, 2 - 3 mm mesio-distal,

1 mmdentinedepth.Ifadeepercarieshadtoberemoved,a

thinlayerofacalciumhydroxidepreparationwasappliedin

advancetothebottomofthecavity.

Results

In the intermediate results after 12 months outlined here, the

restorations of the class V cavities which were treated using

FuturabondU/GrandioSOintotal-etchmodehadAlpharatings,

with the exception of two categories. In self-etch mode, all class

VrestorationsweregivenAlpharatingswithoutexception.

Literature [1]CvarJF,2005

40 41


Figure 16: results after 12 months.

FBUSEmodeFBUTEmode

SBUSEmodeSBUTEmode

FBUSEmodeFBUTEmode

SBUSEmodeSBUTEmode

FBUSEmodeFBUTEmode

SBUSEmodeSBUTEmode

FBUSEmodeFBUTEmode

SBUSEmodeSBUTEmode

FBUSEmodeFBUTEmode

SBUSEmodeSBUTEmode

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Alpha Bravo Charlie

Shade correlation

Anatomical form

Marginal adaptation

Marginal discolouration

Retention rate

4342

3.2. clinical results of direct and indirect composite restorations after 6 and 12 months

Torres C.R.G., Clinical evaluation of direct and indirect composite restorations using the chairside technique, São José dos

Campos, Brazil, reports to VOCO, 2013 - 2014.

Aim

The2-yearclinicalstudyinvestigatesthequalityofdirectand

indirect restorations produced using the chairside technique.

TheFDIcriteriadevelopedbyHickeletalaretakenasthe

basis for the evaluation. [1][2] The initial results after 6 and

12 months are presented.

Study design

30patientswereselectedforthestudy;eachtestsubjectwas

treated with at least two restorations. The direct restorations

were produced with the light-curing composite GrandioSO

(VOCO) in accordance with the rules of the conventional

adhesivetechniqueincombinationwithFuturabondU(VOCO).

Inthecaseoftheindirectrestorations,thecompositeinlays

were produced in the chairside technique using GrandioSO

(VOCO)andtheDieSilicone(VOCO).Theywerethenluted

withthedual-curinglutingcomposite(BifixQM,VOCO)and

FuturabondU(VOCO).Theadhesivelayerwaslight-curedon

all restorations.

Results

Atotalof60restorationswereproducedfor30patients.

Followingtheinvestigatedperiodsof6and12months,all

restorationsdisplayedgoodclinicalresultsfortheparameters

examinedhere.Theresultsareshowninfigures17-19.

number of assessed restorations

Restorative technique Initially 6months 12months

(patients) (patients) (patients)

Direct 30 30 27

Indirect 30 30 27

Total 60 60 54

table 11: Overview of recall

etching mode

curing mode

direct: indirect:

test subjects for adhesive

for adhesive

curing mode curing mode for

for composite luting composite

30 patients Selective-etch Light-curing Light-curing Dual-curing

Literature [1] Hickel r, 2007 [2] Hickel r, 2010

42 43


Figure 17:Functionalpropertiesofthedirect(*)andindirect(**)restorations.

Months

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Excellent Good Satisfactory Unacceptable Inadequate

Retention of the restoration

****

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

**

****

***

**

Marginal adaptation

Approximal contacts

patient satisfaction

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

4544

Figure 18: Aestheticpropertiesofthedirect(*)andindirect(**)restorations.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%


Surface sheen

****

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

**

****

***

**

Surface discolouration

Marginal discolouration

Shade correlation and translucency

Months

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

44 45



Figure 19: Biological parameters following placement of direct (*) and indirect (**) restorations.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

postoperative sensitivity

****

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

**

****

***

**

integrity of the teeth

Recurrence of caries

oral health

Months

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

12

6

0

4746

4.1. Futurabond U – Voted top 10 product in the USA 2014

4. User survey / clinical user tests

table 12: Overview of the results of the evaluated criteria

criteria Average evaluation (1 to 5)

Section A

Simple to use 4.5

Adhesivestrength 4.8

Speed 4.4

Convenience of use 4.2

Elasticity 4.3

Handling 4.5

Applicability 4.6

Product behaviour in TE mode 4.8

Product behaviour in SE mode 4.6

Postoperativesensitivity 4.8

Curing time 4.5

Working time 4.5

AverageratingforsectionA 4.6

Section B

Overall satisfaction 4.5

overall result (average rating for sections A and B) 4.6

FuturabondUwasevaluatedbyagroupof13testingdentists

withacombined283yearsofpracticalexperience.

Eachofthesurveyedcriteriawasassessedasverygood

(4 points)orexcellent(5points).Theadhesivestrengthand

the product behaviour in the total etch and self-etch modes

were awarded the best scores.

Theunrestrictedcompatibilitywithallmethacrylate-based

compositesandtheabsenceofpostoperativesensitivityfollow-

ingplacementofthefillingsweregivenparticularemphasis.

92%ofthetestingdentistswouldrecommendFuturabondU

to their colleagues.

Rated4.65outof5–BestProduct2014

46 47


FuturabondM+isatrueall-rounder–afactnowgiven

impressiveconfirmationbytheoutstandingverdictofthe

academicinformationservice“ZahnmedizinReport”:The

dentistsawardedtheuniversaladhesiveofferingusersflexible

solutionsforallbondingsituationsfivestarsoutoffiveand

ratedit“excellent”followingatwo-monthtestperiod.

The etching technique (total-etch, selective-etch or self-etch)

canbefreelyselectedanduseddependingontheindicationor

thedentist’spersonalpreference.FuturabondM+cannotonly

bereliablyusedfordirectandindirectrestorations,butalso

offers a secure adhesive bond to diverse materials such as

metals, zirconium dioxide, aluminium oxide and silicate

ceramic–andthatwithoutanadditionalprimer.Incombina-

tionwithFuturabond M+DCA,theDualCureActivator,the

universal adhesive is also compatible with all self-curing and

dual-curingmethacrylate-basedcompositeswithoutany

restrictions.

outstanding application

These properties convinced practising dentists in the scope of

thepracticaltesttowhichtheysubjectedFuturabondM+.Well

overhalfofallthetesterssawanenormousbenefitinthe

freedomtoselecttheetchingmode.Accordingto92%ofthe

practices,FuturabondM+coversallofthebondingindications

which are relevant for work in the practice. The product was

alsoassessedpositivelyintermsofitsuse:Thematerialscores

highlyforitsviscosityandapplication.Thelowtimerequire-

ments were even awarded the excellent average rating of 1.1.

A unanimous recommendation for the first time ever

Andthat’snotall:Everysingleoneofthepracticetesterswas

soimpressedbytheproductthattheywouldrecommend

FuturabondM+totheircolleaguesandemployitintheir

practices–thefirsttimethistypeofresulthaseverbeenseen

inthe“ZahnmedizinReport”producttest.Thecomplete

evaluationcanbereadinthe8/2014issueof“Zahnmedizin

Report”.[1]

4.2. Five stars out of five – Futurabond M+ performs well in practical test

Literature [1] Zahnmedizin report, 2014

4948

The following materials named in the Scientific compendium are not registered trademarks of Voco:

5. Glossary

AdperPromptL-Pop(3MESPE);All-BondUniversal(Bisco),

AZPrimer(ShofuInc.),ClearfilDCBond(Kuraray),ClearfilDC

CorePlus(Kuraray),ClearfilS3BondPlus(Kuraray),

ClearfilSEBond2(Kuraray),ClearfilUniversal-Bond

(Kuraray),Core-XFlow(Dentsply),Degunorm(Degudent),

e.max ZirCAD(IvoclarVivadent),FiltekSupremeXTE

(3MESPE),FiltekZ350(3MESPE),iBondSE(Heraeus),

iBond TE (Heraeus), IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), LuxaBond

(DMG), Luxa Core (DMG), Monobond Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent),

OptibondAll-in-One(Kerr),OptibondFL(Kerr),OptibondXTR

(Kerr),Prime&BondElect(Dentsply),Prime&BondNT

(Dentsply),ScotchbondUniversal(3MESPE),Spectrum TPH3

(Dentsply),Syntac(IvoclarVivadent),VariolinkII(Ivoclar

Vivadent), Vita In-Ceram (Vita Zahnfabrik), Wirobond C (Bego),

XenoSelect(Dentsply),XPBond(Dentsply),Z-PrimePlus

(Bisco, Inc.)

push-out test:

Test to determine the adhesion strengths, used in root post

luting.

dentine permeability:

Describesthepermeabilityofthedentine.Thisparameter

is used to describe the sealing properties of adhesives and

desensitisers among other products.

Cuspal deflection:

Movementofthecuspsoriginatingfromthepolymerization

shrinkage of the composite material. This measurement

methodisusuallyemployedforlargeMODcavities.

Marginal integrity:

Describesthequalityofthebondcreatedbytheadhesive

between the dental hard tissue and the composite material.

Shear bond strength:

Adhesivestrengthofferinginformationonthestrengthofthe

adhesive bond between the dental hard tissue (or similar)

and composite (or similar). The force is exerted parallel to the

bondedsurface.Theprefixesused,suchasmicro,describethe

size of the surface of the bonded composite area.

tensile bond strength:

Adhesivestrengthofferinginformationonthestrengthofthe

adhesive bond between the dental hard tissue (or similar) and

composite (or similar). The force is exerted perpendicular to

thebondedsurface.Theprefixesused,suchasmicro,describe

the size of the surface of the bonded composite area.

thermocycling:

Contrast bath for simulating ageing of composite restorations

(orsimilar);testspecimensaresubjectedtothisforacertain

numberofcycles.

(+)Prime&BondElectandClearfilSEBond2arenotavailableintheEU.

48 49


6. Literature

AbdallaA.,Clinical Evaluation of two Universal Adhesives, J Dent res, Vol 93 (C), 618 (PEr), 2014.

AmaralM.,BelliR.,CesarP.F.,ValandroL.F.,PetscheltA.,LohbauerU.,The potential of novel primers and universal adhe-sives to bond to zirconia,JournalofDentistry,42,90-98,2014.

Arantes-OliveiraS.,TEM investigations of the bonding layer between Futurabond U and dentine when using in self-etch and total-etch mode,FacultyofDentistry,BiomaterialsDepart-ment,UniversityofLisbon,Portugal,reporttoVOCO,2014.

Arantes-OliveiraS.,TEM investigations into nanoleakage on the contact surface between Futurabond U and dentine when using in self-etch and total-etch mode,FacultyofDentistry,BiomaterialsDepartment,UniversityofLisbon,Portugal,reportto VOCO, 2014.

CvarJ.F.,RygeG.,Reprint of criteria for the clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials 1971, Clin Oral Investig, 2005; 9: 215 - 32.

HickelR.,RouletJ.F.,BayneS.,HeintzeS.D.,MjorI.A.,Peters M., et al., Recommendations for conducting controlled clinical studies of dental restorative materials, Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11(1): 5 - 33.

HickelR.,PeschkeA.,TyasM.,MjorI.,BayneS.,PetersM.,et al., FDI World Dental Federation: clinical criteria for the evaluation of direct and indirect restorations-update and clinical examples, Clin Oral Investig 2010; 14(4): 349 - 66.

KearnsJ.O.,BarryJ.G.,FlemingG.J.P.,Cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage scores to determine the adhesive potential of universal bonding systems,JournalofDentistry,42 (2014) 970 - 976.

LohbauerU.,UniversityHospitalErlangen,DentalHospital1-ConservativeDentistryandPeriodontology.

ElMahallawyS.A.,AbdallaA.,Effect of Thermocycling on Bond Strength of Self-etch Adhesives, J Dent res 92 (Spec Iss B): 287, 2013.

SorrentiE.,DebenedettiA.,CasertaM.,Push-out bond strength of Rebilda Post to root canal dentin using Grandio Core Dual Cure and a VOCO universal adhesive: a preliminary report,UniversityofGenoa,Italy,2014.

Torres C.r.G., Influence of previous acid etching on bonding strength of self-etch adhesives to enamel and dentin, São José dos Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

Torres C.r.G., Effects of universal adhesive systems using self-etch or total-etch mode on dentin permeability, São José dos Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

Torres C.r.G., Bond strength of zirconia to core materials, São José dos Campos, Brazil, report to VOCO, 2013.

Torres C.r.G., Clinical evaluation of direct and indirect com-posite restorations using the chairside technique, São José dos Campos, Brazil, reports to VOCO, 2013 - 2014.

Zahnmedizin report 2014; (8): 19.

5150

50 51


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Futurabond U · M+ - voco.dental · the dental hard tissue, the preparation guidelines and proce- ... veneers directly in the mouth is also possible. Futurabond U and Futurabond M+