EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT

ITER IS THE WAY TO FUSIONINTERVIEW: ITER TECHNICAL DIRECTOR REM HAANGE

THE ROAD TO FUSION ELEC TRIC IT Y

INDIA BUILDS COILS FOR JET

NEW NEUTRON SOURCE FOR FUSION RESEARCH

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FUSIONN E W S & V I E W S O N T H E P R O G R E S S O F F U S I O N R E S E A R C H

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FUSION IN EUROPE№ 1 | 2013

ContentsMoving Forward

EFDA

3 A straight road ahead

4 The road to fusion electricity

5 New Gateway computer comes online

Beyond EFDA

6 ITER is THE way to fusion

Associates

9 New neutron source joins the fusion material quest

10 Fusion in Europe invites: Bernard Bigot

JETInsight11 The Joint European Torus

12 ELM coils – The best of both worlds

13 India builds coils for JET

14 JET Guestbook

CommunityPeople

15 Young faces of fusion

16 EFDA welcomes new Heads of Research Units

In dialogue

17 Portuguese teachers catch up on fusion

Miscellaneous18 Newsflash, EFDA online

Title pictures: EFDA

FUSION IN EUROPE | Contents |

ImprintFUSION IN EUROPE

ISSN 1818-5355

For more information see the website:

www.efda.org

EFDA Close Support Unit – Garching

Boltzmannstr. 2

85748 Garching / Munich

Germany

phone: +49-89-3299-4263

fax: +49-89-3299-4197

e-mail: christine.rueth@efda.org

editors: Petra Nieckchen, Christine Rüth

Subscribe at newsletter@efda.org

© Francesco Romanelli (EFDA Leader) 2013.This newsletter or parts of it may not be reproducedwithout permission. Text, pictures and layout, ex-cept where noted, courtesy of the EFDA Parties.The EFDA Parties are the European Commissionand the Associates of the European Fusion Pro -gramme which is co-ordinated and managed bythe Commission. Neither the Commission, theAssociates nor anyone acting on their behalf is re-sponsible for any damage resulting from the useof information contained in this publication.

5New Gateway computer comes online

12ELM coils – The best of both worlds

15Young faces of fusion

(Image: Russell Perry, CCFE)

(Image: Olli Nykänen)

5New Gateway computer comes online

12ELM coils – The best of both worlds

15Young faces of fusion

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| Moving Forward | EFDA |

Dear reader,

The year 2012 has seen the completion of a processstarted early in the seventh framework programme: thedefinition of the long-term European activities in fusion.Through EFDA, the Commission requested the Euro -pean fusion community to produce an ambitious andrealistic roadmap to fusion electricity by 2050. I wantto thank all Associates and the experts involved fortheir contribution to this achievement. It is now neces-sary to secure the resources for the roadmap imple-mentation in the upcoming framework programme,Horizon 2020, and to start preparing for the detailedexecution of the roadmap missions.

After the successful experimental campaign in 2011/12,JET scientists presented the results from the ITER-LikeWall to the global fusion community. Their findingsare, on the whole, very positive for ITER. This wasrecognised by the ITER Director General during hisvisit to JET in July, where he emphasised the continuingrole of JET for ITER. JET will carry out a series of ded-icated experiments this year in support of the final de-cision on the tungsten divertor in ITER. An importantstep forward in the collaboration of the ITER partieson JET has been made in 2012 with the launch of aproject with India to perform the design and the R&Dfor the ELM control coils. We are looking forward toincreasing the collaboration with other ITER partiesin the near future.

A STRAIGHTROAD AHEAD

F R A N C E S C O R O M A N E L L I

The EFDA Physics Department has set a course to-wards a transition to a more goal oriented approach,coherently with the fusion roadmap. The positions inthe Department have been widely renewed during 2012and there is a large motivation to develop the activitieson a more focussed basis. The EFDA Power PlantPhysics and Technology Department has substantiallyadvanced many of the assessments originally launchedin view of the preparation of the Horizon 2020 activitiesin this area – an important achievement for the prepa-ration of the fusion roadmap.

Throughout Europe, we have seen promising researchresults and encouraging progress. I would like to expressmy respect for the work done and encourage us all tokeep the spirits and efforts up during this year.

Let me take this opportunity to give you my best wishesfor the year 2013. �

FUSION IN EUROPE | Moving Forward | EFDA |

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EFDA has published a roadmap

which outlines how to supply fu-

sion electricity to the grid by 2050.

The roadmap to the realisation of fu-

sion energy breaks the quest for fusion

energy down into eight missions. For each

mission, it reviews the current status of re-

search, identifies open issues, proposes a

research and development programme

and estimates the required resources. It

points out the needs to intensify industrial

involvement and to seek all opportunities

for collaboration outside Europe.

THE ROAD TOFUSION ELECTRICITY

A long-term perspective on fusion is mandatory sinceEurope has a leading position in this field and major ex-pectations have grown in other ITER parties on fusion asa sustainable and secure energy source. China, for exam-ple, is launching an aggressive programme aimed at fusionelectricity production well before 2050. Europe can keepthe pace only if it focuses its effort and pursues a pragmaticapproach to fusion energy. With this objective EFDA haselaborated the present roadmap.

Focussing on the research and engineering activitiesneeded to achieve fusion electricity, the roadmap showsthat these can be carried out within a reasonable budget.The amount of resources proposed are of the same levelas those originally recommended for the seventh EuropeanResearch Framework Programme – outside the Europeaninvestment in the ITER construction.

The roadmap covers three periods: The upcoming Eu -ro pean Research Framework Programme Horizon 2020,the years 2021–2030 and the time between 2031 and2050.

ITER is the key facility of the roadmap as it is expectedto achieve most of the important milestones on the path tofusion power. Thus, the vast majority of resources proposedfor Horizon 2020 are dedicated to ITER and its accompa-nying experiments. The second period is focussed on max-imising ITER exploitation and on preparing the construc-tion of a demonstration power plant DEMO, which willfor the first time supply fusion electricity to the grid.Building and operating DEMO is the subject of the lastroadmap phase.

In the course of the roadmap implementation, the fu-sion programme will move from being laboratory-basedand science-driven towards an industry- and technology-driven venture. ITER construction already generates aturnover of about six billion euro. The design, constructionand operation of DEMO requires full involvement of in-dustry to ensure that, after a successful DEMO operation,industry can take responsibility for commercial fusionpower. �

The roadmap can be downloaded here:http://tinyurl.com/EFDA-Roadmap

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| Moving Forward | EFDA |

LOTS OF FLOPSFOR EUROPEAN FUSION RESEARCH

New Gateway computercomes on line

On January 9, the new European Gateway Com-puter was inaugurated at IPP in Garching. TheGateway is a five teraflop computer cluster,

funded by EFDA and hosted by IPP. EFDA also coversone fifth of the hosting and operation costs. Gatewayis dedicated to the common development of the Euro-pean simulation platform for fusion modelling, whichis coordinated by the EFDA Integrated Tokamak Mod-elling Task Force (ITM-TF). This platform is designedto allow for simulations of the complex behaviour offusion plasmas to be executed on high performancecomputers (HPC) or distributed clusters (GRID). TheGateway’s predecessor, hosted by ENEA in Portici,Italy, was shut down at the end of 2012 after five yearsof successful operation. Meanwhile, all data has beentransferred to Garching and the new Gateway will beoperational by the end of January 2013.

The Gateway is one of the computer resources Fusionresearchers currently use, which includes also the HighPerformance Computer for Fusion (HPC-FF) at For -schungs zentrum Jülich (100 teraflops peak perform-ance). HPC-FF will be shut down later this year. Thecom munity has also access to the super computer HE-LIOS (about one petaflop), a Japanese-European facil-ity, which has started operation last year at the Inter -national Fusion Energy Research Center in Rokkasho,Japan. The use of HELIOS by the European fusioncommunity is managed via Fusion for Energy andEFDA. �

Contact:Denis Kalupin, EFDA Responsible Officer for ITM,denis.kalupin@efda.org

Happy faces in Garching as EFDA inaugurates the new Gateway computer.Top: Denis Kalupin, EFDA Responsible Officer for ITM; Bottom, from left: Gloria Falchetto,Leader of the EFDA ITM Task Force, David Coster, Deputy Leader and – participating remotely –Deputy Leader Rui Coelho.

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FUSION IN EUROPE | Moving Forward | Beyond EFDA |

Two years ago, Remmelt Haange

took up his duties as Deputy Direc-

tor-General for the ITER Project Depart-

ment. His previous position as Technical

Director of the Wendelstein 7-X project

brought him to Cadarache. There, Rem

faces familiar challenges but also addi-

tional complexities.

ITER is THE way to fusion,we have to make it a success

(Image: ITER Organization)

| Moving Forward | Beyond EFDA |

Rem, the French authorities have recently licensedthe ITER construction. Is that a big step forward?

This is certainly a big step forward. We expected to re-ceive the decree in December 2012 and it is very posi-tive that it has been issued already in November. Nowthe Authorities will continue to inspect the construc-tion, from taking concrete samples to checking our pa-perwork.

You’ve been appointed to ITER at a critical time forthe project – you were called to Wendelstein 7-X at asimilar time. Do you feel a bit like the fireman forfusion projects?

No. A fireman extinguishes a fire in a very short timeand then the job is done, but ITER is a very complexproject. Fusion devices are complex by nature, but ITERis more complex in two aspects. Firstly, it is a nucleardevice and has to be licensed by the French regulator,which is progressing well. Secondly, ITER is more com-plex because all seven members want to contributehigh-tech components in order to qualify their indus-tries. As a consequence, we have six Domestic Agenciesworking on the blanket and four on the vacuum vesseland even more on the coils. The decision to sign theITER Agreement this way has multiplied interfaces

7

rather than minimised them and interfaces always cre-ate difficulties. We are already seeing cases where theinterface between two contributing countries is on holdand they come to us for help. This is all new, and wewill learn, but it is a lot of extra work.

How does your experience at Wendelstein 7-X helpyou at ITER?

Well, without Wendelstein I would not be here. Theproject had been in a difficult situation, and when Ileft it was in very good shape. Of course, many peoplebesides me contributed to this, but EURATOM seemedto have noticed and asked me to join ITER. As I said,ITER is more complex than W 7-X. It also poses newtechnical challenges, the biggest of which are the to -roidal field coils. Their strands have to be heat treatedto become superconducting, but that process makesthem rather brittle. So we wind the conductors firstand then heat them. Since they slightly change theirsize, we can only machine the grooves in the radialplates that go inside the coils, and into which the con-ductors will fit, after the heat treatment. About 60 per-cent of the strands have been produced and many con-ductors are already available, so we do not see aproblem or bottleneck there.

This Seismic Pit will support the heavy Tokamak Complex. Made up of the Tokamak, Tritium and Diagnostic buildings, the total weight of the Tokamak Complex is estimated at 360,000 tons.(Image: ITER Organization, July 2012)

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FUSION IN EUROPE | Moving Forward | Beyond EFDA |

What challenges do you see ahead for ITER?

Well, the main challenge that I see is the technologyneeded in the industries. The production of ITER com-ponents is starting throughout the world, and with suchcomplex components, one very likely runs into diffi-culties. These will be solved, but it will take time. Sokeeping within the schedule is one of our main chal-lenges. It is vital that we keep a very, very close eye onthings and react immediately if we sense problems. Wehave already done so in some cases. In my experience –and this is my fifth project – this is quite normal tohappen, but it is always the most difficult part, as sched-ule is cost. And at ITER, with seven Domestic Agencies,a few months delay here and there can quickly costmany million euros. We are under very high pressureto keep the schedule that has been set by the ITERCouncil.

Are you confident that ITER will stay on schedule?

We have to do everything to keep that schedule. It ishard to say for sure, but in a year or two we will beable to predict this quite accurately. We have to keepas close as we possibly can to the current schedule andthat’s what we are working on. There is no visible road-block ahead right now, but we know it is difficult.

Europe plays a large financial role in ITER. How doyou view the European contribution in general?

Financially, the EU contributes 45 percent and wellover 60 percent in terms of manpower. Europe alsobrings a lot of personnel into the higher levels, as sec-tion leaders or division heads, for instance. We receivemany more applications from Europe than we do fromthe other member countries, partly because it is easierfor Europeans to move here. Of course my wish is thatthe European fusion community keeps supporting usas much as possible. ITER is the way to fusion, ITERmust be made a big success.

Do you have anything specific in your mind with re-gards to European support?

What I see is that when we have a vacancy in plasmaphysics, we nearly only get applications from Europe.This is a field where Europe certainly makes a verylarge contribution. We also need the link to the fusioncommunity to ensure that we have young and trainedpeople that can operate ITER for the next 20 years orso. Diagnostics and heating are other fields for whichwe need the expertise of the fusion community. It isnot easy to write a specification for a diagnostic for theindustry and to make sure that the component workson the ITER machine. Hence continued fusion com-munity support will be required.

Rem, we thank you very much and wish you a verysuccessful year 2013. �

The ITER Headquarters building was completed in October 2012 (Image: ITER Organization)

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A NEW NEUTRON SOURCE JOINSTHE FUSION MATERIAL qUEST

The neutrons that emerge from fusion reactionscarry the energy to produce electricity, but theirhigh-speed onslaught on the surrounding struc-

tures causes damage and activation – leaving materialsresearchers with a headache. Testing samples of suit-able elements and materials is therefore a high priority,but the prodigious amount of energy – 14 mega elec-tron-volts (MeV) – carried by fusion neutrons is diffi-cult to reproduce. One of the few devices worldwidethat can produce neutrons at this energy is the ASP ac-celerator operated by the Atomic Weapons Estab lish -ment (AWE) in Aldermaston, UK. CCFE scientists arecollaborating with AWE, using this ac cel erator to col-lect experimental data about neu tron-induced nuclearreactions taking place inside materials.

Though ASP – like all other available 14 MeV neu-tron sources – delivers neutron fluxes of the same en-ergy, but of much lower intensity than a fusion plasma,experiments on such devices help with the validationof nuclear data which is needed to design suitable ma-terials. The development of neutron-resistant materialsfor fusion power plants is based largely on computersimulations of the effect of the fast neutrons on the ma-terial’s atomic structure. CCFE is very strong in thesetheoretical fields and it also maintains one of the world’smost extensive libraries of nuclear reactions – the Euro -pean Activation System, EASY. The data used in thesimulations are not exhaustive – for instance cross-sec-tions, which determine the likelihood of certain typesof reactions to occur are not always available for theenergy level of fusion neutrons. Lee Packer of CCFE’sApplied Radiation Physics Group explains the impor-tance of having access to high-energy neutron sources:“We can now experimentally validate the data used tosupport our calculations in important areas, such as ac-tivation of materials. Previously, through collaborationswith European experts in the field, we’ve assembled anextremely detailed set of cross-section predictions de-rived from theory to cover many types of nuclear reac-tions, but there’s no substitute for real experimentaldata to underpin such predictions.”

| Moving Forward | Associates |

CCFE collaboration enhances capabilities of Europeanfusion materials research

European Consortium on Nuclear DataAs part of this activity, CCFE has recently joined theEuropean Consortium on Nuclear Data, a group of in-stitutes that provides experimental data required for thevalidation of the nuclear data libraries that are beingdeveloped for fusion applications. CCFE’s joining meansthat, in ASP, the consortium now has access to a third14 MeV neutron source – alongside FNG at ENEA,Frascati, and a device at the Technical University ofDresden. “We will also benefit from CCFE’s well recog-nised capability on simulating nuclear reactions in fusionmaterials” adds Maurizio Angelone from ENEA, wholeads the Consortium. �

Nick Holloway, CCFE, Christine Rüth, EFDA

The European Consortium on Nuclear Data is formedby ENEA, KIT, JSI, CCFE, the Polish University ofScience and Technology and the Czech Nuclear PhysicsInstitute.

Contact:Dr Maurizio Angelone, ENEA, angelone@enea.it;Dr Lee Packer, CCFE, Lee.Packer@ccfe.ac.ukMore information:ASP: http://www.awe.co.uk/set/Radiation_Science_9fe46.htmlEASY: http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/EASY.aspx

During an ITER neutronics meeting hosted by CCFE, members of the European Consortiumon Nuclear Data took the opportunity to visit the ASP accelerator at AWE. From left: AWEstaff, Martin O’Brien (CCFE), Shaun Hughes (ASP Facility Manager, AWE), Axel Klix (KIT), AWEstaff, AWE staff, Ulrich Fischer (KIT), Rosaria Villari (ENEA), Maurizio Angelone (ENEA), JesusIzquierdo (F4E), Steve Lilley (CCFE) and AWE staff. (Picture: © British Crown Owned Copyright[2012]/AWE)

FUSION IN EUROPE | Moving Forward | Associates |

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The conditions of our energy supply have numerouseconomic and social consequences for our dailylives. As an example, the cost of importing fossil

fuels represented more than €62 billion in 2011 forFrance alone and has doubled in the last six years. Therising world population will practically double the en-ergy demand as early as 2030, despite the indispensableefforts to save and use energy more efficiently. Further-more we need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissionsdrastically so as to mitigate the impact of climate change.

Rising to this challenge of a sustainable energy supplyare several generations of researchers and engineers atthe French Atomic Energy and Alternative EnergiesCommission (CEA). They have been developing researchprogrammes to offer a broad range of solutions requiredto produce safe and economically attractive carbon-freeenergy: development of nuclear Generation III andGeneration IV fission reactors, research for fusion energyand development of innovative technologies for renew-able energies such as solar, energy storage, fuel cells andbiofuels.

The various energy technologies under investigationby CEA not only differ in their concepts, but also intheir stages of development. On one hand, some CEAteams are currently getting ready to commission a pre-industrial prototype designed to produce 2nd generationbiofuels. On the other hand, fusion research is still con-sidered a field of basic research with a first deuterium-tritium demonstration plant, DEMO, planned for 2040.Fission, in comparison is an established energy sourcethat now has to be enhanced with innovations in orderto make nuclear reactors always safer and able to recyclespent fuels and depleted uranium, reducing the amountof ultimate waste products. The strength of the CEA liesin its capacity to bring together a broad set of technicalcompetences within a global strategy and fusion benefitsfrom such an organisation.

The “Institut de Recherches sur la Fusion Magné -tique” (IRFM), which runs the Tore Supra supercon-ducting tokamak at Cadarache, conducts most of theCEA’s research in fusion energy. IRFM finds invaluablesupport from several other CEA units, which boast first-class teams specialised in various fields essential for theprogress of fusion R&D, such as numerical simulation,materials, thermohydraulics, cryogenics, nuclear safety,robotics, tritium management or the operation of nuclear

DR BERNARD BIgoT

is currently University Professor ofPhysical Chemistry at Ecole Nor -male Supérieure de Lyon, Chair -man of the CEA (since January2009) and French Senior Re pre -sentative for the ITER project inFrance since 2007. He graduatedfrom the Ecole Normale Supérieure

and obtained a PhD in Physical Sciences in 1979 from thePierre et Marie Curie University (Paris). Bernard Bigot has con-tributed to more than 70 scientific publications on quantumphysical chemistry and about 25 articles on energy policy.Between 1993 and 1997 he worked as Director General ofRe search and Technology and as Chief of Staff of the Re -search Minister in 2002 and 2003.

CEA, the French Atomic Energy and Alternative En -ergies Commission, is a government-funded technologyresearch organisation, mostly focussed on energy and de-fence matters.

FUSION IN EUROPE INVITES : BERNARD BIGOTPOOLING RESOURCES IS ONE KEY FOR FUSION SCIENCE

facilities. Indeed, pooling resources, so as to draw on abroad set of competences is essential to reach our chal-lenging goals. Clearly, fusion will benefit from CEA’sexisting contacts to industrial partners in other moreadvanced industrial fields and from its experience inbringing new technologies to market. CEA has been suc-cessful in the fusion field as in many other fields due toits variety of competences and we believe from that as-sessment that the ITER project will benefit from poolingresources with European or other research organisationsthroughout the world.

For this reason, I am extremely pleased with thestrong ties that have been forged between the CEA andEuropean research organisations associated by EFDA,and likewise with the ITER project. We are now readyto move on to the next big step by building the ITER fa-cility at Cadarache and by preparing its research pro-gramme for the following 20 years. After many key pre-liminary results for more than 40 years, this will be adecisive stage in the scientific and technological devel-opment of fusion energy. Fusion is expected to deliverits first power to the grid in less than 50 years and theresults of this ITER prototype will be vital at a timewhen strategic choices will have to be made. �

| JETInsight |

EFDA provides the work platform to exploit JET in

an efficient and focused way. More than 40 Euro -

pean fusion laboratories collectively contribute to

the JET scientific programme and develop the

hardware of the machine further. The tokamak is

located at the Culham Science Centre near Oxford

in the UK. It is funded by EURATOM, by the Euro -

pean Associates, and by UK’s fusion Associate, the

Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) as host.

CCFE operates the JET facilities including carrying

out the maintenance and refurbishment work re-

quired to realise the given scientific goals.

THE JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS, JET

The JET vessel in May 2011, featuring the complete ITER-Like Wall (Picture: EFDA)

EUROPE’S LARGEST FUSION DEVICE – FUNDED AND USED IN PARTNERSHIP

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FUSION IN EUROPE | JETInsight |

Piece by piece JET is being adapted to be

as close as possible to a mini-ITER, to en-

able as much advance testing of the next

step fusion experiment’s design and operation as

possible. The last experimental campaign was

based around the ITER-Like-Wall, testing out the

materials and behaviour of the plasma in a metal-

lic vessel. Future plans involve moving to different

fuels and testing other subsystems planned for

ITER such as ELM coils, which could prove crucial

to ITER's success.

ELM COILS –the best of both worlds

A computer generated impression of the ELM control coils mounted inside of the JET vacuum vessel. The coils comprise an upper large coil, and three lower smaller coils in each octant, mountedon two structural “strongbacks”. Current is supplied independently to each coil through leads using four main vertical ports, as shown. (Image: Russell Perry, CCFE)

ITER of course aims to operate in the plasma regimewith the highest energy confinement. Known as the H-mode, this regime of operation was discovered at theAsdex tokamak in Germany in 1982. When the rightcombination of heating and gas fuelling is used, the H-mode occurs, characterised by the plasma developingan outer layer which prevents particles from escaping.However, with the H-mode came ELMs, edge localisedmodes. The confinement in the H-mode is so good thatpressure builds up inside the plasma until an ELM de-velops: a burst of turbulence that spews out particlesand energy, much like a solar flare. Depending on theamount of energy ejected these ELMs can damage com-ponents and erode or melt wall tiles. ITER will have aplasma an order of magnitude larger than any devicebefore, so the scale of its ELMs is a bit of an unknown.Thus the designers have taken a precautionary approach

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Anew chapter in JET’s career has ope-

ned, with the commencement of a

significant international collabora-

tion with India. The project is to develop the

conceptual design of a system of ELM control

coils for JET including the fabrication and tes-

ting of prototype coils. It is being almost en-

tirely funded and carried out by the Indian

partners.

India builds coils for JET

The ELM coil conceptual design team. From left, Prosenjit Santra, Kanubhai Rathod, PramitDutta, Vishnubhai Rathod, Ravi Prakash N. (Team Leader – India), Christopher Lowry (ProjectLeader – EFDA), Manoah Stephen.

| JETInsight |

and opted to include technologies to tackle them headon. One of the most successful approaches has been touse coils to perturb the magnetic field on the edge of theconfined plasma to create resonant magnetic perturba-tions (RMPs).

The exact mechanism of the process is still being ex-plored. The H-mode’s confinement layer relies on parti-cles circulating around the tokamak in distinct layers, abit like lanes on a motorway. The innermost layers havethe fastest moving particles, while the outer layers arethe slowest - in the H-mode confinement is good becausethe particles do not change lanes much. The RMP coilsinduce regular wiggles in the outside layers of the plasma.

The project leader on the EFDA side is DrChristopher Lowry: “The coils are vital todemonstrating a fully integrated ITER sce-nario on JET,” he says, “and such collabo-ration is the future of JET – as a trainingground for all the ITER partners.” Twoteams of Indian scientists and engineers,including project leader Dr Raju Daniel,all from the Institute for Plasma Research(IPR) in Gandhinagar, arrived at JET inthe latter half of 2012 to begin work inearnest.

The first team, which arrived in mid-September and will stay at JET for six

months, is developing a conceptual design for the32 coils which will be installed inside the JET vessel.As the coils will be assembled inside the vessel theteam also needs to take into consideration any remotehandling requirements, such as designing bespoke tool-ing, along with the many other JET specific require-ments. Senior CCFE engineers Nick Sykes and DavidWilson are working closely with the team to ensurethat all such requirements are clearly understood. Thesecond team from India will carry out R&D for suitabletechnology and manufacturing processes in India withthe help of Indian industry and fabricate two prototypecoils, to be delivered in mid-November 2013. Whilemost of the work will be conducted in India, the teamof four spent a month at JET familiarising themselveswith the pre-conceptual design and preparing prelimi-nary models.

Phil Dooley, EFDA

These wiggles cause the concentric layers to overlap, soparticles then have a way to change lanes between thelayers without completely breaking down the structure.In this way the confined particles can leak out, relievingthe pressure build-up which would otherwise lead to anELM.

This technique was pioneered in the nineties on theDIII-D tokamak in San Diego and has since been repli-cated on other similar sized fusion experiments. Howevertesting on JET, currently the world’s largest tokamak, isrequired to ensure the successful scaling to ITER’s largedimensions.

Phil Dooley, EFDA

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FUSION IN EUROPE | JETInsight |

JETGUESTbOOK

� Chief Scientific Adviser to the Presi-dent of the European Commission, Prof.Anne Glover, came in November 2012to see JET and to discuss European fu-sion research issues. “Bringing the Sundown to Earth is a good example ofthe amazing achievements of science,”Ann Glover said, “and we can all beinspired by these outstanding advancesin delivering fusion energy.” �

Some of the around 1200 visitors who came to JETfrom September through December 2012:

� 330 school students, along with 46 teachers, including several

groups from abroad, came to learn about fusion and JET

� 177 university students attended tours and information days

� 230 Industry members came for information and networking

� about 80 scientists visited the facilities for discussions and information

From left: Tim Jones (Head of Machine Operations), Duarte Borba(Senior advisor to the EFDA Leader), Francesco Romanelli (EFDALeader), Steve Cowley (CCFE Director), Anne Glover and LorneHorton (Head of EFDA JET department).

� Sponsored by the Chinese government, a group of Chinese investors toured renewable energy sector facilitiesin UK in late November 2012. As part of the tour they visited JET for a taste of energy research. “The members ofthe delegation are very excited to see JET, as we know the EU is a pioneer in energy development,” said Wang Rui,from the Investment Promotion Agency of China’s Ministry of Commerce. �

15

| Community | People |

YOUNG FACES OF FUSION –EERO HIRVIJOKI

Eero, what is your PhDwork about?

I work on simulations offast ions in fusion plasmasand I hope that my workwill yield insights about fastion related physics in thepresence of magnetohydro-dynamic activity.

Do you interact a lot withthe machines in Europe?

We have a collaborationwith ASDEX Upgrade andvisit Garching two or threetimes a year. We also workwith JET, but I myself haveonly been there once, at-tending a summer school.

What made you choose a PhD subject con-nected to fusion science?

Well, it really started some time ago when Ilooked for my first summer job at the university.I wanted to have something to do with energy,and the group that I am working with now in-terested me most. Later I did my masters thesisin that group and now I am working on myPhD.

Are you finding that your expectations arebeing fulfilled?

My expectations are fulfilled in the sense that Iam part of a group that works quite internation-ally and has some serious computing resourcesat use. What also motivates me a lot is thatsome bigger partners in fusion are interested inour results. So I would say that my expectationshave been more than just fulfilled.

Eero Hirvijoki (right) is a third year PhD student in theDepartment of Applied Physics at Aalto University,Finland. When he is not operating supercomputers tosimulate fast ions in fusion plasmas, he is out rowingon the bay next to the campus.

(Image: Olli Nykänen)

Where would you like to be ten years from now? Do youhave a dream job?

University is a good option and, if I want to stay in Finland,VTT is another possibility. But if I really wanted to pursuea career in the academic world or in the fusion community,I would have to go abroad and apply at JET or ITER or oneof the larger research centres like IPP Garching. For me per-sonally, a dream job would be more that of a university re-searcher than working at one of those facilities, because youhave more freedom at a university. �

FUSION IN EUROPE | Community | People |

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Dr Volker Naulin is a senior scientist at the Danish Tech-nical University. His work focuses on plasma turbulenceand transport using numerical simulations. Volker Naulinhas been serving as deputy Leader and Leader of theEFDA JET Task Force Transport between 2004 and 2011and since 2010 as Deputy Leader of the EFDA TopicalGroup Transport. Dr Naulin was appointed Head of Re-search Unit in September 2012. �

Friedrich Aumayr is Professor of Experimental Physicsat Vienna University of Technology and DeputyDirector of the University’s Institute of AppliedPhysics. His research areas are in the fields of atomic,surface and plasma physics. Professor Aumayr wasDeputy Head of Research Unit (HRU) of theAssociation EURATOM-ÖAW before being appointedHRU in January 2013. He is a member of the Com -mission at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)for the Coordination of Fusion Research in Austria.Professor Aumayr is also member of the ASDEX Up -grade Program Committee and he belonged to theEFDA Science and Technology Advisory Committeebetween 2007 and 2010. �

EFDA welcomesNEW HEADS OF RESEARCH UNITS

“The recently adopted roadmap for the achieve-

ment of electricity from fusion by 2050 needs to be

supported by ambitious activities in the member

states in a corresponding time frame. My aim is to

strengthen both the Danish participation within

the joint fusion programme and the standing of

fusion with the public.“

Danish Association EURAToM-DTUVOLKER NAULIN

Austrian Association EURAToM-ÖAWFRIEDRICH AUMAYR

“As Head of Research Unit of the Austrian Fusion

Association my top priority is to maintain and

strengthen the Association’s internal cooperation

and integration into the European Fusion

Programme, especially with a view to the chal-

lenges of Horizon 2020.”

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| Community | In dialogue |

The group was introduced to plasma physics, techno-logical applications of plasmas, nuclear fusion, and en-gineering technologies for nuclear fusion. Part of theprogramme was also a visit to the Portuguese tokamakISTTOK, and a subsequent visit to Culham to see JET,in which thirteen of the teachers took part. Their sched-ule there included meetings with JET Engineer InCharge, Nick Balshaw, and EFDA Senior AdvisorDuarte Borba. The knowledge gained in the workshopwas vital for keeping up with the students, said MariaHelena Azevedo from Ancorensis, Cooperativa deEnsino in Vila Praia de Âncora. “They read a lot onthe internet and ask difficult questions!”

There is a feeling amongst some high school physicsand chemistry teachers that their education in recentdecades does not keep them abreast of scientific devel-opments. They often lack resources or practical appli-cations. This workshop sought to address ways to over-come these problems, by offering proper doc u men -tation, teaching tools for the applications of key con-cepts, discussion of some ideas for experimental appli-cation at schools and a good grounding in the basicprinciples of fusion machines. The Portuguese teacherswere delighted with the opportunity to tour the JET siteand expressed a lot of curiosity in the technologies de-veloped there.

IPFN is strongly committed to having an activerole in the communication of science, and disseminat-ing information about its scientific and technologicalachievements throughout society. The workshop wasthe second event of this kind and was sponsored bythe outreach programme “Ciência Viva” of thePortuguese Ministry for Science and Technology andTAP Air Portugal. Building on the success of this secondworkshop, IPFN envisages continuing this approachin the future. This will not only provide training to awide range of teachers, but will also raise awareness ofthe level of expertise in nuclear fusion in Portugal. �

Bruno Gonçalves, Carmo Nunes, IST

Last autumn, 24 secondary school

teachers attended a dedicated

workshop offered by Instituto de

Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear (IPFN), which

belongs to the Portuguese EFDA Asso-

ciate IST.

PORTUGUESE TEACHERSCATCH UP ON FUSION

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FUSION IN EUROPE | NewsFlash |

NEWSFLASH

Where is Fusion Expo?See you in 2013 in the following countries:Latvia, Czech Republic, UK, Estonia, Sweden, Germany, Portugal

Stay tuned for the exact dates at:

http://www.efda.org/fusion-expo

Contact: Tomaž Skobe, tomaz.skobe@ijs.si

Contact

EFDA JET Fusion Fusion Expo News Multimedia Collaborators

Careers Links FAQ’s Glossary User’s web page

www.efda.orgMost prominent picture of 2012The picture featuring the AC pulsed operation of the Portugese tokamak ISTTOKreceived the most clicks (within a reference time span) of all pictures of the weekin 2012.

Computer Generated pictures of the JET vesselRussell Perry at the CCFE’s Graphics office generates images of JET and its systemsbased on CAD data.

All about remote handling at JETRemote handling plays a big role in the maintenance of JET and will be even moreimportant for ITER. Therefore, we dedicate a separate web-section to the JETremote handling systems.

Find us on facebook!Link up with our community, have a chat with fusion scientists or get updated onEFDA, JET and fusion research in Europe.

Fusion Expo in ITER’s neighbourhood

The opening of Fusion Expo in Aix-en-Provence in November 2012, gave the ITER Director-General Osamu Motojima (right picture)an opportunity to have a personal go at power production. Pedalling on the bicycle power plant, he and many other visitors visiblydemonstrated how hard it is to generate enough power to cover the consumption of an average first-world citizen. Hosted by the ITER Organization, Fusion Expo was on display in Aix-en-Provence, just 30 kilometres away from the ITER site, fromNovember 12–28. In total, it welcomed around 1500 visitors, among them several school classes and many local journalists. ITERalso took the opportunity to invite the interested public for round table discussions, which were well attended.

A travelling exhibition financed by EFDA.

28 European countries signed an agreement to work on an energy source for the future:EFDA provides the framework, JET, the Joint European Torus, is the shared experiment, fusion energy is the goal.

Austrian Academy of SciencesAUS TR I A

Association EURATOM –University of Latvia

L AT V I ALithuanian Energy Institute

L I THUAN I A

Ministry of Education and Research ROMAN IA

Ministry of Education, Science, Cultureand Sport

S LOVEN I A

Centro de Investigaciones EnergéticasMedioambientales y Tecnológicas

SPA IN

Swedish Research CouncilSWEDEN

Centre de Recherches en Physiquedes Plasmas

SW I T Z ER L AND

Dutch Institute for FundamentalEnergy Research

THE N E THER LANDS UN I T ED K I NGDOM

EURATOM Hellenic RepublicGRE E C E

Wigner Research Centre for PhysicsHUNGARY

F4E , SPA INFRANC E

Dublin UniversityI R E L AND

Agenzia nazionale per le nuovetecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo

economico sostenibileI TA LY

University of TartuE S TON I A

Finnish Funding Agency for Technologyand InnovationF I N L AND

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique etaux énergies alternatives

FRANC E GERMANY GERMANYMax-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik

GERMANY

BE LG IUMBulgarian Academy of Sciences

BULGAR I AUniversity of Cyprus

C YPRUS

Institute of Plasma PhysicsAcademy of Sciences of the

Czech RepublicC Z E CH R EPUBL I C

Technical University of DenmarkDENMARK

University of MaltaMALTA

Institute of Plasma Physicsand Laser Microfusion

POLANDMinistère de l’Energie

LUX EMBURG

Instituto Superior TécnicoPORTUGAL

Comenius UniversityS LOVAK I A

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EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT ISSN 1818-5355