Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-1Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-2Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-3Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-4Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-5Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-6Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-7Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-8Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-9Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-10Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Figure 16-11Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Table 16-1Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Table 16-1 Signs of Infl ammation

noitanalpxEngiS

Pain Pain is due to tissue swelling and release of chemicals such as prostaglandin.

Heat Heat is due to increased blood accumulation and pyrogens (fever-producing substances) that interfere with temperature regulation.

Redness Redness occurs in the early phase of infl ammation due to blood accumulation in the area of tissue injury from chemical release (such as prostaglandins and histamine).

Swelling Swelling occurs in the delayed phase of infl ammation because kinins dilate arterioles and increase capillary permeability. This increased capillary permeability allows plasma to leak into the interstitial tissue at the injury site.

Decreased range of motion

Function is lost due to fl uid accumulation at the injury site. Pain also decreases mobility to an area.

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Table 16-2Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Table 16-2 Glucocorticoids Used in Veterinary Medicine

Generic NameExample(s) of Trade

Names PreparationDuration of

Action

cortisone Cortone® Tablets, injection, ophthalmic ointment/suspension

Short

hydrocortisone Cortef®, Solu-Cortef® Tablets, oral suspension, topical cream, lotion, ointment, injection

Short

isofl upredone Predef 2x®, Tritop® Injection, cream, ointment Intermediate

methylprednisolone Medrol® etaidemretnIstelbaT

methylprednisolone acetate

Depo-Medrol® Suspension for injection Intermediate

prednisone/prednisolone

Deltasone®, Meticorten® Tablets, injection, ophthalmic ointment

Intermediate

prednisolone sodium succinate

Solu-Delta-Cortef® etaidemretnInoitcejnI

triamcinolone Vetalog® Tablets, suspension for injection, topical cream

Intermediate

betamethasone Betasone® Injection, topical, tablets, syrup Long

dexamethasone Azium® Tablets, injection, elixir/solution, ophthalmic suspension

Long

fl umethasone Flucort® gnoLnoitcejnI

fl uocinolone Synalar® Topical cream and solution Long

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Table 16-3Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Table 16-3 NSAIDs Used in Animals

SalicylatesPyrazolone Derivatives

Propionic Acid

Cox-2 Inhibitors

Miscellaneous NSAIDs

Indol Acetic Acid

Derivative Fenamates Tepoxalin

• aspirin • phenylbutazone (Buazolidin®, Equipalazone®, Butatron®)

• ibuprofen (Motrin®, Advil®)

• ketoprofen (Ketofen®, Orudis®)

• carprofen (Rimadyl®)

• naproxen (Equiproxen®, Aleve®)

• deracoxib (Deramaxx®)

• meloxicam (Metacam®)

• fi rocoxib (Equioxx®, Previcox®)

• fl unixin meglumine (Banamine®, Finadyne®)

• diclofenac sodium (Surpass®)

• etodolac (EtoGesic®)

• meclofenamic acid (Arquel®)

• tolfenamic acid (Tolfedine®)

• tepoxalin (Zubrin®)

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Table 16-4Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Table 16-4 Antihistamines Used in Veterinary Medicine

Generic Name Trade Name Examples

cetirizine • Zyrtec®

clemastine • Tavist®

chlorpheniramine • Chlor-Trimeton®

cyproheptadine • Periactin®

dimenhydrinate • Dramamine®

diphenhydramine • Benadryl®

• Histacalm Shampoo®

hydroxyzine • Atarax®

meclizine • Bonine®

• Antivert®

• D-Vert®

pyrilamine maleate • Histavet-P®

triplelennamine • PBZ®

• PBZ-SR®

• Re-Covr®

trimeprazine • Temaril-P® (combination product with prednisolone)

Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 16

Table 16-5Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Table 16-5 Drugs Covered in This Chapter.

elpmaxEyrogetaC gurD

Glucocorticoids • betamethasone• cortisone• dexamethasone• fl ucinolone• hydrocortisone• isofl upredone• methylprednisolone• methylprednisolone acetate• prednisolone• prednisone• prednisolone sodium succinate• triamcinolone

niripsa •sDIASN• deracoxib, maloxicam, fi rocoxib• diclofenac sodium• etodolac• fl unixin meglumine• ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carprofen, naproxen• meclofenamic acid, tolfenamic acid• phenylbutazone• tepoxalin

Free Radical Scavengers • DMSO• orgotein

Osteoarthritis treatments • chondroitin sulfate• diclofenac sodium• glucosamine• hyaluronic acid• PSGAGs

Antihistamines • cetirizine• clemastine• chlorpheniramine• cyproheptadine• dimenhydrinate• diphenhydramine• hydroxyzine• meclizine• pyrilamine maleate• tripelennamine• trimeprazine

Immunomodulators • cyclosporine• piroxicam• gold salts (auranofi n, gold sodium thiomalate)

Analgesics • narcotics (see Chapter 7)• nonnarcotic (NSAIDs; see anti-infl ammatories

section)