Fundamentals of NetworkingDiscovery 1, Chapter 2Operating Systems

Objectives•Describe the purpose of an OS and identify common

operating systems available.

•Perform an installation of an OS and prepare the computer to participate on the network.

•Maintain an operating system.

Purpose of the OS•Allows components to work together•Write a report & print▫Enter on keyboard▫Stored in RAM▫Processed by CPU▫Displayed on monitor▫Printed on printer

•All computerized devices require an OS

How the OS Works• Loads OS into RAM from disk drive •Shell▫Requests tasks from the computer▫Provides access to the OS

• Interact with the shell using:▫Command Line Interface (CLI) ▫Graphical User Interface (GUI)

•Kernel▫OS code that interacts with the computer hardware is

known as the▫Manages communication between hardware & software

The OS

CLI

GUI

The OS•Manage one user at a time•Multitask▫OS keeps track of resources used

•What are some resources are not directly connected to the PC?▫Server storage, Network printing…

Redirector & NOS• Software that allows computer to send/receive over network▫Network Client▫Allows device to be shared▫Acts as though it were directly connected

Review so far…•Which interface has a command prompt?▫CLI

•After powering up, the OS gets loaded into where?▫RAM

•What interfaces with the user & application?▫Shell

OS License•Commercial License

Windows, Mac, UNIX

•GNU Public License (GPL)▫FREE

Linux

Comparing LicensesCommercial

LicenseGPL

Access Restricts/limits access to code

Access to code & can enhance it

Cost Expensive $$$Windows, Mac, Unix; license each PC

Free

Development Cycle

Structured; changes aren’t avail quickly

Ongoing, changes distributed quickly

Support Avail for a fee usually

Mostly community support & free

OS Requirements•Amount of RAM•Hard disk space required•Processor type and speed•Video resolution

•Minimum▫Poor performance

•Recommended

Activity- Commercial or GPL

Choosing An OS•Must meet requirements of user▫Support applications▫Security sufficient

• Is the hardware supported by the OS?▫Does it support the RAM, HD, CPU, Sound Card, etc.

•Can your company support the new OS?

•At home, will support be available readily?

TCO•Total Cost of

Ownership▫Buying, installing,

supporting

Review1. Which type of OS provides full access to the source

code?▫ GPL

2. Which type of OS is costly?▫ Commercial

3. Which type of OS provides support through its users?▫ GPL

Review1. Name 4 specifications for OS install requirements.

▫ HD▫ Processor▫ RAM▫ Video Resolution

2. Describe a network redirector.3. What are the 2 ways you can interact with the

shell?▫ CLI & GUI

Lab 2.2•Specifications of OS

Ways to Install an OS•Clean Install

•Upgrade

•Multi-boot

•Virtualization

Clean Install•New system or no way

to upgrade

•Deletes all data

•Applications need to be reinstalled

•When would you do a clean install?

Upgrade OS•System settings,

applications and data are saved

•Replaces old OS files with new ones

Installing the OS- Multi-boot•Can install more than one

OS to a drive•Each has its own partition▫Own files & config settings

•On start, user chooses which OS

•Only one OS runs at a time

Installing the OS- Virtualization•Used on servers

•So multiple copies of OS can be used on a single set of hardware

Activity

Prepare for Install• Verify all hardware can work with the OS

• Meet or exceed the minimum hardware requirements

• Do you have CD or DVD & the correct drive?

• Make sure PC is virus free AND make a full backup of all important files

• If doing a clean-install, make sure you have all application software for re-installation

File System•Verify system used▫NTFS▫FAT16▫FAT32

•These indicate ▫How large of a HD can be used▫How files are organized, stored, retrieved and

encrypted from the HD

Partitions

•On clean install, some techs…▫Partition 1 for OS▫Partition 2 for data

•Also used for multi-boot•When upgrade OS, data

will not be deleted

Review so far…1. What is a partition?

2. What happens to data on a HD during a clean install?

3. How many OS’s are running in a multiboot system?

4. What happens to applications during an upgrade?

Configure for Network•What is a network?▫Group of devices connected to

each other to share info & resources

•NIC• IP Address▫ Id’s computer UNIQUE

•Subnet Mask▫ Id’s the network it is on

•Default Gateway▫The way out of the network to

communicate w/ other networks

Network Communication

Configuring the IP Address•Manual (static) or Dynamic (automatic) pool from server

Computer Naming

•Manually assigned•For easy sharing•Admin designs naming

scheme•CL-PRT-Eng-01 represents

the 1st color laser printer in the Engineering Department

Planning Names & Addresses•The larger the network gets, you MUST be organized

& documented!•Come up with guidelines

Review1. A DHCP server assigns address how?

▫ Automatically/Dynamically2. What are 3 settings you need to connect to a

network?▫ IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway

3. What is a default gateway?▫ Address to get out of the network so it can

communicate with other networks4. Describe a partition.

Review1. Which install method requires applications to be

reinstalled?▫ Clean Install

2. Before upgrading the OS, what should you do with your data?▫ Back it up

3. To be on a network, what 2 things need to be unique?▫ IP address & computer name

When to Apply Patches

•What’s a patch?▫Piece of program code

that can correct a problem or enhance the functionality of an application program or OS

•Update computers often BUT make sure you understand the patch first!

What Version Do You Have?•Windows 7, Vista, XP▫Start▫Winver

•Version•EULA 3

Applying the OS Patch

•Automatic installation▫Select time to install

•Prompt for Permission

•Manual

Auto, Manual, or Prompt?

Application Software Patches•Browsers, Office, other programs

•Repair a detected vulnerability or other problem

•Found on manufacturer’s site

Question???•Windows XP has a known problem working with

certain AMD processors. How could you best solve this problem?▫Reinstall the CPU▫Delete XP & do a clean install▫Set up another XP partition▫Install a Windows patch that fixes it▫Replace the processor with a different one

Lab 2.3.3

Review1. What’s a patch?2. Where can you find a patch?

• Manufacturer’s web site3. What are the 3 methods for getting OS updates?

• Auto, Manual, With Permission4. What user interface has icons?

• GUI

Review1. Where do devices get IP addresses from

dynamically?▫ A DHCP server

2. What is needed to install two OS’s on a PC?▫ Multiple partitions

3. What letter grade will you get on this test?▫ A or B, hopefully

Review- 5

Fundamentals of NetworkingDiscovery 1, Chapter 2Operating Systems