Fundamentals of Membranes and Reverse Osmosis - IWMA Osmosis Rejects - Final.pdf · And Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects ... liquid flow, low amount of salting, scaling and ... Energy

RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED

Effluent Treatment Methods

And

Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects

Handling

Dr P P Lal KrishnaChief Executive Officer

Ramky Pharma City (India) LtdDeveloper of Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City - Vizag


PRIMARY TREATMENT

SECONDARY TREATMENT

TERTIARY TREATMENT

TREATMENT METHODS

RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED

Raw EffluentRaw EffluentPrimary Treatment Secondary Treatment

Tertiary TreatmentTreated Treated Effluent


DependsDepends onon

•• NatureNature andand StrengthStrength ofof PollutantsPollutants

•• QuantityQuantity ofof FlowFlow

•• DischargeDischarge LicenseLicense ConditionsConditions

DependsDepends onon

•• NatureNature andand StrengthStrength ofof PollutantsPollutants

•• QuantityQuantity ofof FlowFlow

•• DischargeDischarge LicenseLicense ConditionsConditions


• Largely a physical process

• Usually removes 40-75% of TSS and 25-40% of BOD

• Pretreatment with air or chlorine requirement in certain cases

• Largely a physical process

• Usually removes 40-75% of TSS and 25-40% of BOD

• Pretreatment with air or chlorine requirement in certain cases

PRIMARY TREATMENT


Central process is biological in which dissolved organics are utilised by micro organisms

Hence, secondary treatment is often known as biological treatment

The concomitant growth of biomass (cells) and substrate removal must be followed by separation

Central process is biological in which dissolved organics are utilised by micro organisms

Hence, secondary treatment is often known as biological treatment

The concomitant growth of biomass (cells) and substrate removal must be followed by separation

SECONDARYTREATMENT


• Disinfection

• Oxidation

• Chemical dosing for water quality correction

• Chemically aided settling

• Filtration

• Softening

• Activated carbon treatment

• Demineralization

• Reverse Osmosis

• Disinfection

• Oxidation

• Chemical dosing for water quality correction

• Chemically aided settling

• Filtration

• Softening

• Activated carbon treatment

• Demineralization

• Reverse Osmosis

TERTIARY TREATMENT METHODS


• Industries Facing problem to achieve ZLD

Only in tertiary treatment

– Due to small volume

– High capital and running cost

– Lack of technical staff to operate Advanced Technologies like membrane systems, evaporators, crystallizers, driers etc

– Discussion follows …….


Requirements of ZLDRequirements of ZLD

• RO Reject handling

• High TDS

• To operate the ZLD, Membrane and Evaporation systems are important

• Fundamentals of the Membrane and evaporation will be discussed in next slides


Membrane Separation

1 2 3 5 108 100 1000 104 105 106 107

Beach SandPollens

Bacteria

Viruses

Colloids

Sugars

Aqueous

Salts

Particle Filtration

Microfiltration

Ultrafiltration

Nano- Filtration

Angstrom

Reverse

Osmosis


MEMBRANE PERMEATION


Water

MEMBRANE PERMEATION


Water

Macromolecules

MEMBRANE PERMEATION


Water

Dissolved

Solids Macromolecules

MEMBRANE PERMEATION

RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED 19

BASICS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS


Concentrated

Solution

Pure

Water

Osmotic Processes


Osmosis

Concentrated

Solution

Pure

Water

Osmotic Processes


Concentrated

Solution

Pure

Water

Osmotic Processes


Reverse Osmosis

Pressure

Concentrated

Solution

Pure

Water

Osmotic Processes


Reverse Osmosis

Feed

Ions

Concentrate

Product

Water Flow


Simplified RO System

PumpPump ConcentrateConcentrate

PermeatePermeate

Feed Feed

WaterWater

100 to 400 psi (brackish water)100 to 400 psi (brackish water)

800 to 1,200 psi (seawater)800 to 1,200 psi (seawater)


Reverse Osmosis Involves

Application of pressure greater than osmoticpressure of solution

Diffusion of water but not salt through a semipermeable membrane in direction opposite ofnatural flow

Cross flow filtration to sweep away concentratedsalts


Remove purified water from a feed stream (permeate)

Concentrate chemicals in a feed stream (reject)Selectively separates small ions and molecules

WHAT IT CAN DO ?

Cannot concentrate to 100%

Cannot separate to 100%

Cannot reject gases and is Not always the most cost effective method

WHAT IT CAN NOT DO ?


Feed Permeate

Reject

(Brine)

Membrane Performance


FEED

PERMEATE

CONCENTRATE

1st stage 2nd stage

50% MAXIMUM RECOVERY per STAGE4:2 ARRAY

2 STAGES

1 TRAIN

40 m3/hr

20

m3/hr

20 m3/hr

10 m3/hr

10 m3/hr

10 mg/L

100 mg/L200 mg/L

370-400 mg/L

13 mg/L

20 mg/L

RO System Flow Diagram


Membrane MaterialsMembrane Materials

Cellulose Acetate (CA)

Polyamide (PA)


Schematic Cross-Section

Thin-film Composite Membranes


Reinforcing

Fabric

Microporous

Support

Ultrathin

Barrier Layer

THIN FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

Schematic Cross Section


0.2 µm0.2 µm

40 µm40 µm

120 µm120 µm

PolyamidePolyamide

PolysulfonePolysulfone

UltrathinUltrathinBarrier LayerBarrier Layer

MicroporousMicroporousPolysulfonePolysulfone

ReinforcingReinforcingFabricFabric

7 //

Cross-Section of Thin-film Composite Membranes


Impurities in Water RO RemovesRO Removes• Ionic

•

•

• Microbiological

• Ionic

• Non ionic

• Particulate

• Microbiological


Use of Reverse Osmosis

• Potable Water

• Ultra pure Water

• Boiler Feed water

• Process Water

• Cooling Tower Blow down

• Water Reuse / Zero Discharge

• Industrial Process Stream Concentrations


Handling of Reverse Osmosis Plant Rejects


EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

16.10.2014 33


Introduction to evaporation


The liquid feed moves on the "hot" inner walls in an

evaporator.

Heat is continuously transferred from the outside of

the wall to the inside, thereby heating up the liquid

to the boiling point where water evaporates from

the liquid feed.

Evaporator basics


Liquid distribution

One of the most important issues influencing the effectiveness

of the evaporation is the distribution of the liquid on the inner

walls.

To make the evaporation effective the liquid film on the inner

walls should be as thin as possible.

However, if the film is too thin, the product will burn on the

walls, therefore it is very important to be able to control the

thickness of the film also known as "the wetting rate".


ApplicationsApplications

Spent Waste Water (Distilleries)

General Waste Water from Process and Utility Industry…..


Types of Evaporators1)1) LongLong--Tube Vertical EvaporatorsTube Vertical Evaporators

2)2) ShortShort--Tube (Calandria) Vertical EvaporatorsTube (Calandria) Vertical Evaporators

3)3) HorizontalHorizontal--Tube EvaporatorsTube Evaporators

4)4) Forced Circulation EvaporatorsForced Circulation Evaporators

5)5) Agitated, Thin Film EvaporatorsAgitated, Thin Film Evaporators

16.10.2014 38

TYPES OF EVPORATORS


Forced Circulation evaporator


FORCED CIRCILATION EVAPORATORS

• The liquor in a forced-circulation evaporator is pumped through the tubes to minimize tube scaling or salting when precipitates are formed during evaporation.

• Submerged-tube type is the most common type forced circulation evaporator.

• Forced circulation evaporators are used in the mining industry, and also they are used to evaporate corrosive or highly viscous solutions.

• Forced circulation evaporators are efficient the transfers heat from steam to liquid, continuous liquid flow, low amount of salting, scaling and fouling. They are expensive and need power for circulating pump.

16.10.2014 40


General Scheme of ETP solution


Textile Effluent Treatment scheme


ZLD System for Grain Based Distilleries


Energy efficient Evaporator for Black Liquor Concentration


General Scheme for Effluent Treatment


General Scheme for Effluent Treatment


EXPERIENCE OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU EXPERIENCE OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PHARMA CITYPHARMA CITY

House of 100 pharma companies in 2400 acres of notified industrial estate

at VISAKHAPATNAM

ANDHRA PRADESH


JNPC IS ONELY ONE INDUSTRIAL PARK IN INDIA OFFERING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES UNDER ONE ROOF

ANY KIND OF PHARMA WASTE CAN BE TREATED IN THEIR COMMON FACILITY EXCEPT RADIO ACTIVE WASTE


EFFLUENT EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AT JNPCMANAGEMENT PLAN AT JNPC

Off shore

Pharma Units

Effluent Collection

CETP Diffuser

- 15 Mt.

Marine Out fall

Incinerator

49


MEE Feed MEE Condensate

MEE Concentrate

Drier Salt

Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation -- stage wise stage wise –– Images Images Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation -- stage wise stage wise –– Images Images

50

In this system 90% of the Toxic Waste, generating by the member industries are handled and disposed scientifically with in the Pharmacity without damaging Environment

RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED 51

Guard Ponds

Guard Ponds to store Effluents before disposalinto Marine outfall system

RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED52

On line TOC analyzer & its Display On line TOC analyzer & its Display (LED) and online data logging at (LED) and online data logging at Guard ponds on MOF (Marine Guard ponds on MOF (Marine Outfall) discharge streamOutfall) discharge stream


MOF Pipeline during the Installation

53


MONITORING SYSTEMS


Thadi Village

Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring SystemsContinuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Systems

Thanam Village SEZ

Park Level Monitoring of AAQ


Central Console

Central Console for Centralized Monitoring Central Console for Centralized Monitoring

56

CAAQMS Stations placed in 3 areas around the park and all these stations have been CAAQMS Stations placed in 3 areas around the park and all these stations have been linked to Central Console at Commercial Hub, all these data has been uploaded to APPCB linked to Central Console at Commercial Hub, all these data has been uploaded to APPCB Website.Website.


All three CAAQM stations data has been uploaded to APPCB web site.

Link : http://pcbsite.nic.in

57

http://pcbsite.nic.in/


Park Level ISO 9001:2008 Certificate

58


The experience of JNPC & RAMKY group can address the issueof Reverse Osmosis rejects & High Concentrated effluentgenerating from various industries like pharma, chemicals,Tannery, textiles, distillery & any other process and utilityindustries by providing common treatment plant comprisingadvanced technologies including evaporators, crystallizers,incinerators, membrane application to reduce the hassles ofindividual units located in Tamil Nadu.

This kind of facility will facilitate to the units toconcentrate on their core production activity andgenerate the revenue to the country and society


Thank You!

Documents

Fundamentals of Membranes and Reverse Osmosis - IWMA Osmosis Rejects - Final.pdf · And Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects ... liquid flow, low amount of salting, scaling and ... Energy