FUNdamentals FUNdamentals of Astronomyof Astronomy

Kayla M. YoungKayla M. Young

The UniverseThe Universe• The big bang theory is an effort to

explain the beginning of the Universe.

• The universe contains the totality of entities and processes.

http://www.allaboutscience.org/big-bang-theory-video.htm

GalaxiesGalaxies• Large star systems that contain Large star systems that contain

millions, even billions of stars.millions, even billions of stars.• We are located in the Milky way We are located in the Milky way

GalaxyGalaxy• There are several types: There are several types:

elliptical, spiral, irregular and elliptical, spiral, irregular and barred spiral. barred spiral.

Star ClustersStar Clusters

• Globular and GalacticGlobular and Galactic

• All the stars in a cluster lie the All the stars in a cluster lie the same distance.same distance.

• Formed at the same time from Formed at the same time from the same materials. the same materials.

Stellar EvolutionStellar Evolution

H-R Diagram and Stellar H-R Diagram and Stellar EvolutionEvolution

Planetary SystemsPlanetary Systems

• Revolve around star or starsRevolve around star or stars

• Contain many celestial objectsContain many celestial objects

Planets and Planet Planets and Planet FormationFormation

• A•

•Revolve around star.Revolve around star.

•Some form in protoplanetary disksSome form in protoplanetary disks

SpectroscopySpectroscopy

• Spectrograph• Used to find compositions of

celestial objects

How A Spectrograph WorksHow A Spectrograph Works

Astro-Imaging Astro-Imaging

• A way to get information about A way to get information about our universe.our universe.

• CCD ImagerCCD Imager

• DSLR ImagingDSLR Imaging

CCD ImagingCCD Imaging

• CCD Darks & Flats

•How CCD Imager Works

Photo-ProcessingPhoto-Processing• Stacking & Aligning PhotoStacking & Aligning Photo• Maxim DL; ImageJ; Photoshop; APTMaxim DL; ImageJ; Photoshop; APT

MONET TelescopeMONET Telescope

• “The Twins”: One Located in Texas

One Located in South Africa

Hot Topics in AstronomyHot Topics in Astronomy• ““A Search for Exoplanets in NGC 957” – (Adams 2009)A Search for Exoplanets in NGC 957” – (Adams 2009)

• ““WASP-1b and WASP-2b: two new transiting exoplanets detected with WASP-1b and WASP-2b: two new transiting exoplanets detected with SuperWASP and SOPHIE” – (Collier 2007)SuperWASP and SOPHIE” – (Collier 2007)

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BibliographyBibliography• Hodge, Paul W. "cluster, star." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2008.Hodge, Paul W. "cluster, star." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2008.• Steven W. Hawking, George F.R. Ellis, "The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Steven W. Hawking, George F.R. Ellis, "The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of

Singularities in our Universe," Singularities in our Universe," Astrophysical Journal,Astrophysical Journal, 152, (1968) pp. 25-36. 152, (1968) pp. 25-36. • Mark Eastman, Chuck Missler, Mark Eastman, Chuck Missler, The Creator: Beyond Time and Space,The Creator: Beyond Time and Space, (1996) p. 11. (1996) p. 11. • Dr. Joan Najita “The Link Between Flares and Planet Survival”;chandraobservatory; 2006Dr. Joan Najita “The Link Between Flares and Planet Survival”;chandraobservatory; 2006• Ables, Harold. “astrophotography." Ables, Harold. “astrophotography." Grolier Multimedia EncyclopediaGrolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2009. Grolier Online. 8 May . 2009. Grolier Online. 8 May

2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0019100-0>.2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0019100-0>.• Bok, Bart J. "Galaxy." Bok, Bart J. "Galaxy." Encyclopedia AmericanaEncyclopedia Americana. 2009. Grolier Online. 7 May 2009 . 2009. Grolier Online. 7 May 2009

<http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0169630-00>.<http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0169630-00>.• Delehanty, Mark; “Stellar Evolution” Astronomy Today; 2009. Delehanty, Mark; “Stellar Evolution” Astronomy Today; 2009.

www.astronomytoday.com.cosmology/evol.htmlwww.astronomytoday.com.cosmology/evol.html• Fredrick, Laurence W. "Astronomy." Fredrick, Laurence W. "Astronomy." Encyclopedia AmericanaEncyclopedia Americana. 2009. Grolier Online. 8 May 2009 . 2009. Grolier Online. 8 May 2009

<http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0024710-00>.<http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0024710-00>.• Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg Christine “The Milky Way Galaxy” www.seds.org; , August 2005Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg Christine “The Milky Way Galaxy” www.seds.org; , August 2005• Garstang, R. H. "Hertzsprung-Russell diagram." Garstang, R. H. "Hertzsprung-Russell diagram." Grolier Multimedia EncyclopediaGrolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2009. Grolier . 2009. Grolier

Online. 7 May 2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0137410-0>.Online. 7 May 2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0137410-0>.• Green, Paul J. "Star." World Book Online Reference Center. 2005. World Book, Inc. Green, Paul J. "Star." World Book Online Reference Center. 2005. World Book, Inc.

http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar529540.http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar529540.• Hodge, Paul W. "cluster, star." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2008.Hodge, Paul W. "cluster, star." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2008.• Licker, Mark D. “Dictionary of Astronomy” page 101; 2003Licker, Mark D. “Dictionary of Astronomy” page 101; 2003• Malhotra, Renu. "planets and planetary systems." Malhotra, Renu. "planets and planetary systems." Grolier Multimedia EncyclopediaGrolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2009. Grolier . 2009. Grolier

Online. 8 May 2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0229880-Online. 8 May 2009 <http://gme.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0229880-• Munitz, Milton K. "Universe." Munitz, Milton K. "Universe." Encyclopedia AmericanaEncyclopedia Americana. 2009. Grolier Online. 7 May 2009 . 2009. Grolier Online. 7 May 2009

http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0398160-00http://ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/article?assetid=0398160-00• Plavec, Mirek J.; “Stellar Evolution” McGraw-Hill,1997, pp 392-401.Plavec, Mirek J.; “Stellar Evolution” McGraw-Hill,1997, pp 392-401.