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PROJECT: CHAD-CAMEROON 225 KV ELECTRICAL GRID INTERCONNECTION
PROJECT
COUNTRY: MULTINATIONAL: CHAD-CAMEROON
FULL RESETTLEMENT PLAN (FRP) SUMMARY
July 2017
Appraisal
Team
Team Leader Jean-Pierre
MUTSINZI
Principal Energy
Operations Officer
RDGC.1 2300
Team Members
N. Thioye DIALLO Regional Financial
Management
Coordinator
SNFI2/RDGC 6833
Pierre Hassan
SANON
Principal Social
Development Specialist
SNSC 5828
Salim BAIOD Consulting
Environmentalist
SNSC 5813
C. L. DJEUFO Procurement Officer SNFI1/COCM 6809
D. TILENGUAR Procurement Officer SNFI1/COTD 6207
Division Manager Ibrahima KONATE, OIC RDGC.1 3418
Sector Director
Regional Director Ousmane DORE RDGC 4902
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP
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FULL RESETTLEMENT PLAN (FRP) SUMMARY
Project Name : Chad-Cameroon 225 KV Electrical Grid Interconnection Project
Project No. : P-Z1-FA0-072
Country : Multinational: Chad-Cameroon
Department : RDGC Division: RDGC.1
INTRODUCTION
At the request of the Governments of Chad and Cameroon, the African Development Bank will support
the implementation of the Chad-Cameroon 225 kV Electrical Grid Interconnection Project.
Environmentally and socially, the project has been classified under Environmental Category 1, given its
scope and the main environmental and social impacts identified.
The execution of works on the transmission line, substations and access roads will cause the
displacement of households, disruption of socio-economic activities and harm to the means of livelihood
of people living in the existing infrastructure right-of-way and its easements.
Consequently, in accordance with the African Development Bank’s involuntary displacement policy
(Operational Safeguard 2 – OS 2), the Governments of Chad and Cameroon have respectively submitted
to the Bank a Full Resettlement Plan (FRP) for compensating and resettling project-affected persons
(PAPs). The objectives of the FRP are to: (i) reduce involuntary displacements to the minimum; (ii)
avoid the destruction of property as much as possible; and (iii) compensate affected persons for the loss
of housing plots, farmland, buildings and equipment, as well as income.
The FRP which is the subject of this summary lays down the principles and conditions for compensating
and resettling project-affected persons, and establishes an approximate budget and its indicative
implementation schedule.
1. DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPACT AREA
1.1 Project Description and Rationale
- Project Rationale
The Chad-Cameroon 225 kV Electrical Grid Interconnection Project underscores the determination of
both countries to optimize the use of their energy resources by integrating their electric power
generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure. It is also in line with the overall framework for
the interconnection of the electrical grids of member countries of the Economic Community of Central
African States (ECCAS).
- Project Description
The Chad-Cameroon 225 kV Electrical Grid Interconnection Project is among the priority projects of
the Central Africa Power Pool (CAPP). It mainly concerns the: (i) construction of a 225 kV high-voltage
(HV) line to transmit electric power between Cameroon and Chad, over a distance of 1 024 kilometres,
of which 786 kilometres in Cameroon and 238 kilometres in Chad. It passes through 7 high-voltage
(HV) transformer substations located in Ngaoundere (Adamouawa Region), Lagdo (North Region) and
Maroua (Far-North Region) in Cameroon, and Bongor, Guelendeng (Mayo-Kebbi Est), Kousseri (Far-
North) and Gassi (N’Djamena) in Chad; (ii) construction of rural electrification infrastructure in 478
villages located along these high-voltage transmission lines and on a 25km-long corridor on both sides
of the high-voltage transmission line, 409 in Cameroon and 69 in Chad. Electricity is supplied to these
localities through 15 kV to 30 kV medium-voltage transmission lines connected to 225 kV substations
and a low-voltage network.
- Project Objectives
The project’s specific objective is to contribute to attaining electric power supply and demand
equilibrium in Cameroon and in Chad, and enable the project area population to have access to electricity
within a sub-regional framework.
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- Project Components
The project comprises the following components:
Components Description
Electricity
Infrastructure
Construction
(i) Construction of a 1 024 km-long 225 kV high-voltage (HV) transmission line, including 786
kilometres in Cameroon and 238 kilometres in Chad; (ii) Construction of 7 high-voltage transformer
substations in Ngaoundere (Adamaoua Region), Lagdo (North Region) and Maroua (Far-North
Region) in Cameroon, and Bongor, Guelendeng (Mayo-Kebbi Est), Kousseri (Far-North) and Gassi
(N’Djamena) in Chad; (iii) Construction of rural electrification infrastructure (15 kV to 30 kV
medium-voltage transmission lines connected to 225 kV substations and a low-voltage network)
in 478 villages, 409 of them in Cameroon and 69 in Chad.
Project
Management
B.1 Technical and financial audit of the project
B.2 Environmental and social audit
B.3 Procedures Manual
B.4 Acquisition and installation of management software (accounting, project management) &
Training
B.5 Monitoring project activities
- Monitoring and control of studies, manufacturing and infrastructure construction (Consulting Ing.)
- Implementation of the ESMP (HT lines)
- Implementation of the PAR (HT lines)
- Implementation of the ESMP (Rural Electrification)
- Logistical support to National Institutions
B.7 Insertion of young graduates
B.8 Institutional support CHAD (in particular MPE and SNE)
B.9 Institutional support CAMEROON (including MINEE, ARSEL, SONATREL and AER)
B.10 Youth and Women Empowerment Program
B.11 Support to the operation of the CEP
- Project Cost and Financing
The overall project cost is estimated at UA 333.29 million.
The project will be financed by: (i) the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) to the tune of UA
215.88 million (ADF Loan and Grant); (ii) other donors, including the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB
– UA 87 million) and the European Commission (EU- AFIF – UA 24 million); and (iii) the
Governments of Chad and Cameroon.
1.2 Project Impact Area
1.2.1 In Chad
The project impact area comprises 9 cantons in 4 divisions and 3 regions, namely: (i) Mayo-Kebbi Est,
which had a population of about 775 000 in 2009 (representing 7% of the total population of Chad), and
a population density of 42 inh./km2; (ii) Chari-Baguirmi, which had about 580 000 inhabitants in 2009
(that is 5 % of the country’s total population), and a population density of 12 inh./km2; (iii) N’Djamena,
which had a population of close to 1 million in 2009 (or 9 % of Chad’s population), and a population
density of 1 903 inh./km2. The transmission line passes through 75 villages.
1.2.2 In Cameroon
The project impact area covers 30 municipal councils in 8 divisions and 3 regions, namely: (i) the
Adamaoua Region, which had a population of more than 1 million in 2010 (or 5 % of the total population
of Cameroon), with a population density of 16 inh./km2; (ii) the North Region, which had more than 2
million people in 2010 (representing 11 % of the country’s total population), with a population density
of 31 inh./km2; (iii) the Far-North Region, which had close to 3.5 million inhabitants in 2010 (that is 18
% of Cameroon’s population), with a population density of 102 inh./km2. The line passes through about
140 villages.
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1.3 Project Beneficiaries
The transmission infrastructure will benefit the national electricity corporations of Chad (SNE) and
Cameroon (EDC) which will operate it.
The project will benefit 478 villages, 409 of them in Cameroon and 69 in Chad, as well as the inhabitants
of these villages who will have access to electricity, thus improving their living conditions. The project
will connect 350000 households.
About 350 temporary jobs will be created of which at least 15% will be occupied by women / girls.
About 250 direct and indirect permanent jobs will be created of which at least 15% will be occupied by
women / girls. In terms of socio-professional integration, at least 150 young graduates with at least 50%
of girls (50 in Chad and 100 in Cameroon) will be able to perform pre-employment internships to
promote their employability.
Regionally, the project will enable the industries and enterprises of the respective countries to develop
and increase their production and commercial activities.
Central Africa’s regional and economic integration will be enhanced.
2. POTENTIAL IMPACTS
Given that the potential impacts on the human and natural environments have been exhaustively dealt
with in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), this paragraph will focus on the human
environmental impacts in terms of expropriation and the economic harm resulting from the freeing of
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the route right-of-way and the execution of works by reducing to the maximum the nuisances that they
may cause.
It should be noted that the scope and location of works have been limited to minimize the harm that
could be caused to the population having property in the project right-of-way.
2.1. Impact Sources
The area of project works (for the high-voltage transmission line) covers the 30 metre-wide corridor on
both sides of the high-voltage line that is a 60 metre-wide corridor.
In Chad, the project right-of-way comprises 1 439 ha of transmission line corridor, 4.4 ha of pylons and
11.4 ha of substations. In Cameroon, the project right-of-way comprises 4 702 ha of transmission line
corridor, 13.6 ha of pylons and 17.4 ha of substations. Most of this surface area is found in a farming
and herbaceous or shrubby savannah zone.
Many activities during the construction phase could have impacts. These activities are: trench clearing;
opening and developing access roads and the high-voltage transmission line, opening forest paths;
transporting and handling equipment, installing construction site offices and storage areas, and planting
pylons.
Positive Social Impacts
Project positive impacts during the preparation, construction and operation phases will be:
Rural electrificationwill have several benefits for the population, notably the improvement of living
conditions, temporary job opportunities for the local population during works, consolidation and
increased development of economic activities and social services, etc.
The integration of power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure of Cameroon and Chad
will help both countries to optimize the use of their national energy resources.
The project will help to maintain electric power supply and demand equilibrium in both countries, and
to substantially reduce annual generation costs. For Chad, such reduction would be essentially the result
of replacing costly thermal power with less costly hydroelectric power. The project will also generate
considerable socio-economic benefits for both countries, thus contributing to the improvement in the
living conditions of the people.
The project will enable the urban and rural populations of the areas concerned to have access to
electricity at reduced cost. It will boost craft works and promote the creation of small-size enterprises.
It will support women’s activities, create better conditions for promoting education and health, and
slowing down rural/urban migration. The project will therefore contribute to poverty reduction.
The project has a regional scope. It will contribute to developing cooperation and constitute a
springboard for sub-regional integration, thereby proving the complementary nature of Central Africa’s
societies and economies.
Negative Social Impacts
The project’s negative impacts on the human environment will be:
In Chad, the project will affect 990 people. About 926 private buildings, each covering an average
surface area of 54 square metres, will be affected. They are mostly homes, but also other facilities such
as mounted water tanks, as well as 14 557 trees, mainly those of mango, guava, lemon and acacia. The
census also identified 37 community assets (especially wells and boreholes) and 67 graves.
In Cameroon, the project will affect 1 311 people outside the Maroua-Kousseri road section (mainly in
the North Region) and 330 households along the Maroua-Kousseri section. Some 2 409 private
buildings, each covering an average surface area of 10 square metres, will be affected outside the
Maroua-Kousseri section. They are mostly homes, but also other facilities such as mounted water tanks.
Ten houses will be affected in the Maroua-Kousseri section. The number of private trees that will be
affected outside and within the Maroua-Kousseri section stands at 13 733 and 1 110 respectively. They
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are mainly neem, acacia, eucalyptus and mango trees. The census also identified 135 community assets
comprising trees, wells and some buildings such as churches and schools, and 96 graves.
The less significant impacts will be the destruction of crops or plantations along the works passage and
in the traditional gold washing area.
The landscape of the very high-voltage transmission line and around the substations will be degraded.
During the operation phase, the transmission lines will require surveillance and periodic maintenance,
and this may: (i) contaminate the environment because of the use of weed killers, or burning woody
debris from periodic clearing, (ii) disrupt wildlife habitats due to many access roads.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
The organizational framework proposed for FRP implementation comprises the following:
3.1 In Chad
The Project Management Unit (PMU) which has a project management expert will be responsible for
implementing the FRP. MATDHU and DEELPN will steer procedures for assessing and paying
compensation for land and other facilities found within the project right-of-way. State services and local
communities will be systematically involved in accordance with their prerogatives.
Entity Function Responsibilities
Government of Chad
Project Ownership Mobilization of funds required for compensation
Signature and approval of compensation financing
documents
MATDHU Ministry Signature of public interest statements (DUPs) and
demarcation of project right-of-way
Preparation of expropriation and compensation
instruments
Project Implementation Unit
Engineering Firm
Project Supervision Preparation of works start-up schedule
Supervision of RAP implementation
African Development Bank International Donor/
Support
Validation of RAPs
Disclosure of RAP summaries
Ensuring compliance with the requirements of
Operational Safeguard 2
Monitoring and evaluation of RAP implementation
DEELPN Administration Assessment of losses and related compensation
Identification of PAPs
Signature of compensation agreements with PAPs
Chiefdoms Local Authorities PAP information and sensitization
Management of conflicts and litigations
Participation in the monitoring of RAP
implementation
Courts Administration Final settlement of conflicts
The project promoter, CAPP, will be responsible for supervision to ensure the smooth implementation
of FRP, in accordance with the commitments made with donors.
3.2 In Cameroon
Project resettlement activities will be carried out under the responsibility of the Ministry of State
Property, Survey and Land Tenure (MINDCAF) and Findings and Assessment Committees (FACs)
which steer land assessment and compensation procedures. This will be done with the full cooperation
of the PMU, notably through the socio-economist responsible for FRP implementation. State services
and local communities will be systematically involved according to their prerogatives.
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Entity Function Responsibilities
Ministry of Energy Project Ownership Mobilization of funds required for
compensation
Signature and approval of compensation
financing documents
MINDCAF Ministry Signature of DUPs and demarcation of
project right-of-way
Preparation of expropriation and
compensation instruments
Project Implementation Unit
Engineering Firm
Project Supervision Preparation of works start-up schedule
Supervision of RAP implementation
African Development Bank International Donor/Support Validation of RAPs
Disclosure of RAP summaries
Ensuring compliance with the
requirements of Operational Safeguard 2
Monitoring and evaluation of RAP
implementation
Divisional Offices Local Administration Establishment of FACs and Sub-
committees
FAC Administration Assessment of losses and related
compensation
Identification of PAPs
Signature of compensation agreements
with PAPs
Chiefdoms Local Authorities PAP information and sensitization
Management of conflicts and litigations
Courts Administration Final settlement of conflicts
The project promoter, CAPP, will be responsible for supervision to ensure the smooth implementation
of FRP, in accordance with the commitments made to donors.
4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Consultation was conducted as part of the preparation of ESIAs and FRPs in Cameroon and in Chad, in
compliance with the domestic legislations and the requirements of AfDB’s operational safeguards 1 and
2. Consultations were conducted publicly (in the regions crossed by the project) and individually with
PAPs in particular.
Free and Transparent Consultation
The following groups and persons were consulted: all categories of persons who may be affected by the
project; elected representatives (mayors and their deputies); local and divisional authorities, especially
representatives of Divisional Officers (assistants), Sub-divisional Officers of the sub-divisions
concerned and the Divisional Delegates of Cameroon’s Ministry of Water Resources and Energy
(MINEE); traditional authorities (chiefs of the various villages concerned); the national authorities
concerned such as MINEE and the Ministry of Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable
Development (MINEP).
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The persons and groups consulted freely expressed their concerns and expectations, and asked questions
during public meetings held in the towns and villages concerned and household surveys. In household
surveys, time was provided at the end of the questionnaire for the respondent to express his/her
expectations and fears or ask questions in a more confidential manner than during public consultations.
Prior Consultation
Twenty-eight public meetings were organized in Cameroon in December 2016, and 11 in Chad in
November and December 2016, that is, prior to any project works or preparation or construction activity.
The minutes of the public meetings are presented in an annex to the FRP.
During consultations, the consultants presented the project, its negative and positive impacts and its
implementation schedule.
Consultation Results
The questions asked and comments made by participants during public or individual consultations with
PAPs reflected their expectations, concerns and perception of the project. The results are presented for
the entire project and by country. There was no open protest or opposition to the project. While many
PAPs expressed fears about compensation and resettlement terms and conditions, as well as the risks
posed by the electric transmission lines to health, the majority of the inhabitants of the regions concerned
welcomed the project.
The concerns expressed during public consultations are relatively similar from one region to another,
and from one country to another. They are:
- risks posed by electric lines to health (electrocution, magnetic fields, etc.) and safety
(fire outbreaks);
- risks posed by electric lines (electrocution) to domestic and wild animals;
- loss of land and resettlement difficulties: many people expressed the fear of being
resettled out of their village of origin;
- inappropriate compensation procedures and terms and conditions in relation to potential
losses (crops, houses, etc.).
The main fears expressed by PAPs consulted individually concerned compensation and resettlement
terms and conditions. Many expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the mechanisms to be
established (assessment of property and payment of compensation before displacement). Some referred
to other projects under which the procedures were not smooth (late payment of compensation, for
example). Affected persons nurse the feeling of injustice and the fear that these compensation flaws may
reoccur. The results of individual consultations are presented below.
Expectations of the project: just like concerns, the expectations expressed during public consultations
and by PAPs consulted individually are relatively similar. All of those consulted expect positive impacts
of rural electrification. The inhabitants of villages crossed by the 225 kV high-voltage transmission line
who will not benefit from rural electrification will certainly be very frustrated.
Significant improvement in living standards as a result of rural electrification with:
- access to consumer goods such fans, refrigerators, electric light, television, etc.;
- increased school enrolment as a result of rural electrification and hence a drop in
illiteracy level;
- improved health infrastructure and healthcare delivery capacity.
Economic development of the villages concerned and in particular, the development of income-
generating activities, especially commercial activities:
- transformation of production methods with the availability of electricity (mills, hulling
machines, welding, mechanics, sawmills, boiler shops, etc.);
- creation of direct construction site-related jobs (high youth expectations) and jobs
created as a result of new rural electrification-related opportunities;
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- development of women’s economic activities, with new opportunities (sewing
workshops, etc.);
- better possibilities of preserving food and processing food products;
- improved safety conditions, especially thanks to street lighting;
- better access to information.
Public Participation and Consultation during Project Implementation
In Chad and in Cameroon, this participatory approach will be maintained and reinforced during project
implementation through a regional Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP). This will be implemented by
the PMU in close collaboration with project-impacted communities, local authorities and authorities of
decentralized and external institutions. It will help to establish a social peace and transparency drive. It
consists in: (i) operationalizing the complete system for recording and processing complaints and
grievances as well as a mechanism for managing grievances by providing all stakeholders or citizens
with the possibility of making comments, voicing their concerns and, hence, acceding to information
and, where necessary, lodging an appeal and seeking redress under the redress mechanism. Its proper
functioning, the rapid processing of complaints at various levels and the quality of information
disseminated will guarantee the integration of the project within the communities. Any dysfunction in
the processing of complaints may rapidly cause serious deterioration of inter-actor relations and stall
project implementation; (ii) formalizing working partnerships, agreements and conditions with
stakeholders according to the roles and limits of each and everyone; (iii) coordinating the activities of
the various stakeholders; (iv) ensuring information building, pooling and dissemination among all
stakeholders; and (v) supporting the actors in this process and, more generally, in monitoring.
AfDB will also post ESIA and RAP summaries on its FRP and ESMP website.
5. INTEGRATION IN HOST COMMUNITIES
AfDB’s principles of integration in host communities are not applicable because PAPs will not be
resettled on a site or in a village other than the one they occupied prior to displacement. PAPs expressed
concerns in this regardThey wish to remain in their villages of origin or residence. All necessary
measures will be taken to comply with this option and to identify appropriate solutions together with the
customary owners.
6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES
6.1 Population Census Covering the Current Occupants of the Affected Area
6.1.1 In Chad
The number of project-affected persons stands at 990. Among these potential PAPs, 404 are affected
only because they own low-growing crops in the right-of-way. PAPs are equitably distributed between
the Chari-Baguirmi and Mayo-Kebbi Est regions, and, to a lesser extent, N’Djamena.
The types of property lost are:
Buildings: 926 buildings, each covering an average surface area of 54 square metres,
were identified along the corridor. In addition, 2 mounted water tanks, 3 wells and 23
boreholes were identified as individual property;
Fruit trees: the number of fruit trees identified along the corridor stands at 14 557. The
most common trees along the corridor are mango, guava, lemon and acacia trees;
Crops: food crop losses will result from land acquisition at the location of pylons,
substations and access roads. The most common food crops along the corridor are
sorghum, beans and millet;
Community infrastructure: the number of community assets identified stands at 37,
mostly wells and boreholes;
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Graves: PAPs identified 67 graves along the corridor. They are distributed
geographically as follows: 4 graves in Chari-Baguirmi, 60 in Mayo-Kebbi Est and 3 in
N’djamena Region. All are earth graves.
6.1.2 In Cameroon
The number of project-affected persons is as follows: along the corridor, outside the Maroua-Kousseri
section: 1 311 PAPs, more than two-thirds of them living in the North Region; in the Maroua-Kousseri
section: 330 affected households were identified in 2010, all of them in the Far-North Region.
The types of property lost are:
Buildings: along the corridor, outside the Maroua-Kousseri section: 2 409 buildings,
each covering an average surface area of 10 square metres (they are mostly dwelling
houses, see Table 9 - ). In addition, 2 mounted water tanks, 15 wells and 23 boreholes
were also identified as individual property. In the Maroua-Kousseri section: 10 homes
were identified in 2010, in addition to 10 local wells;
Fruit trees: along the corridor, outside the Maroua-Kousseri section: 13 733 trees. In the
Maroua-Kousseri section: 1 110 trees with economic value were identified in 2010;
Crops: food crop losses will result from land acquired at the location of pylons (with
safety buffers), substations and roads;
Community infrastructure: along the corridor, outside the Maroua-Kousseri section:
135 community assets, mostly trees, wells, churches and schools. In the Maroua-
Kousseri section, the 2010 survey concluded that no community property was located
in the route right-of-way;
Graves: along the corridor, outside the Maroua-Kousseri section, the number of graves
identified by PAPs stands at a total of 96 for Cameroun and distributed as follows: 1 in
the Adamaoua Region, 43 in the North Region and 52 in the Far-North Region. There
are 6 plastered graves, 11 cemented graves and 79 earth graves. In the Maroua-Kousseri
section: no grave was identified along the corridor.
6.2 Socio-economic Features of PAPs
6.2.1 In Chad
Household composition: the affected households comprise an average of 5 to 6 persons, which
corresponds to the national average. Most of the men affected by the project are married to one wife: 1
out of 10 men is a bachelor, 5 have one wife and 4 have many wives. On average, one household has 3
children aged below 10 years (with quasi-equality between girls and boys). Five per cent of household
survey respondents are disabled.
Sex and age: the average age of household survey respondents is 42 years and 14 % are elderly persons.
Over 9 out of 10 persons are men.
Place and duration of residence: PAPs are equitably distributed between the Chari-Baguirmi (44 %)
and Mayo-Kebbi Est (48 %) Regions. Less than one out of ten persons lives in N’Djamena. Four out of
5 PAPs have been living in their locality for at least 10 years and only 1% of them had been settled for
less than one year.
Ethnic groups and religions: the most represented ethnic groups among PAPs are the Massas, Saras
(Ngambaye / Madjingaye / Mbaye), Arabs and Kanembous (Bournou/Boudouma). The main religions
practised by PAPs are Christianity, Islam and animism.
School enrolment and literacy education: close to half of the project-affected persons have never
being to school. There are great disparities between women and men in terms of access to education: 57
% of women have not being to school, against 41 % of men. Five out of 10 household survey respondents
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cannot read or write. There are great disparities in the level of literacy between men and women: 76 %
of women are illiterate, against 47 % of men.
Professional activity: close to half of vocational training courses were organized in the areas of
teaching, bricklaying and iron-bending, health and machine operation. Community and rural
development activities, the military sector and mechanics came next. One-third of training courses
concerned other areas. Agriculture and livestock breeding are the two main economic activities of 65 %
of persons surveyed. In addition, there are other trades, mainly in the handicrafts, petty trade, services
and fishery sectors. Nine out of 10 households rear poultry, 6 rear goats, 5 sheep, 4 cattle and 3 horses.
Dog, donkey, pig, cat, camel and monkey breeding is common, with close to one-quarter of households
involved.
Monthly income of households: the average monthly income of a household, depending on the period,
ranges from CFAF 210 000 to CFAF 300 000. The average monthly income of affected households is
CFAF 250 000. Five out of 10 affected households earn less than CFAF 100 000 and 2 earn less than
CFAF 50 000 F CFA per month.
Source of lighting: more than 7 out of 10 persons use a flashlight as a means of lighting, thereby making
it the main source of lighting used by affected persons. Two out of 10 affected households use a
hurricane lamp for lighting, 1 uses a solar lamp and 1 a generator. The use of electric power is very rare.
Functional household appliances: one-third of affected households do not have any functional
household appliance (television set, radio set, refrigerator, blender, pressing iron and electric stove).
One-third of households own a household appliance, and one-third own at least two. The most common
appliance is the radio set (close to half of households own one), followed by the refrigerator, pressing
iron, television set and electric stove. Less than one out of ten households has a blender.
Type of fireplace used for cooking: most households (65 %) use one type of fireplace for cooking,
although one-third (32 %) use at least two or more. Three per cent of households do not use any type of
fireplace for cooking. Close to 7 out of 10 households use the traditional fireplace (three stones) for
cooking. Charcoal, kerosene and improved stoves are also used by a significant proportion of the
population. In contrast, gas and electric stoves are used by less than one out of 10 households.
Access to basic social infrastructure: four out of 5 households (81 %) cover at least 1 kilometre to
have access to health infrastructure: half of them (43 %) are located at a distance of between 1 kilometre
and 5 kilometres from this type of infrastructure and the other half (38 %) at over 5 kilometres. The vast
majority of households (95 %) cover less than 5 kilometres to have access to educational infrastructure:
half of them (48 %) are located less than 1 kilometre from this type of infrastructure and the other half
(47 %) at a distance of between 1 kilometre and 5 kilometres. Five per cent of households live more
than 5 kilometres away from an educational infrastructure. The majority of households (57 %) cover
between 1 kilometre and 5 kilometres to have access to a market. Nineteen per cent of households live
at a distance of less than 1 kilometre from this type of infrastructure, while 24 % are located more than
5 kilometres away.
6.2.2 In Cameroon
Household composition: project-affected households comprise 8 persons on average, with significant
regional disparities: 6 persons per household in the Adamaoua Region against 9 in the North and Far-
North Regions. The majority of project-affected men are married to one wife: 1 out of 10 men is a
bachelor, 6 have one wife and 3 have many wives. A household has an average of 3 children aged below
10 years (with a quasi-equality between girls and boys). One per cent of household survey respondents
are disabled.
Sex and age: the average age of household survey respondents is 44 years and 12 % are elderly persons.
Close to 9 out of 10 persons are men.
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Place and duration of residence: more than two-thirds of project-affected persons live in the North
Region. One-quarter of PAPs live in the Far-North Region and less than one out of ten persons lives in
the Adamaoua Region. Two-thirds of PAPs have been living in their locality for at least 10 years and
only 2 % of them have been settled there for less than a year.
Ethnic groups and religions: the project covers regions with great ethnic diversity. The distribution of
the ethnic groups of project-affected persons is as follows: in the Adamaoua Region, the majority of
them belong to the Fulani/Foulbé (22 %), Mboum (16 %), Mafa (10 %) and Toupouri (9 %) ethnic
groups. In the North Region, the project-affected population is mainly made up of Guidars (19 %),
Toupouris (17 %), Mafas (11 %), Fulanis/Foulbés (8 %) and Guizigas (7 %). In the Far-North Region,
PAPs mainly belong to the Fulani/Foulbé (30 %), Massa/Mousoye (22 %), Guiziga (21 %) and Toupouri
(8 %) ethnic groups. The main religions practised by PAP are Christianity, Islam and animism.
School enrolment and literacy education: close to half of project-affected persons have never been to
school. There are great disparities between women and men in terms of access to education: 53 % of
women have not being to school, against 36 % of men. Six out of 10 household survey respondents
cannot read or write. There are great disparities in literacy education between women and men: 81 % of
women are illiterate, against 55 % of men.
Professional activity: only 4.6 % of persons surveyed declared having a diploma. The main training
areas are: building and construction (joiner, plumber, civil engineering technician, etc.), teaching
(teacher), security (gendarme, soldier, customs officer, etc.), agriculture (technician, engineer, rural
development worker, etc.), trade (butcher, cook, etc.) and health (nurse, first-aid worker, nursing
assistant, etc.). Agriculture and livestock breeding are the two main economic activities carried out by
79 % of persons surveyed. In addition, there are other trades, mainly in the handicrafts, petty trade and
services sectors. Sixty-five per cent of household survey respondents are engaged in stockbreeding.
They are mostly concentrated in the northern part of the route: only 23 % of persons surveyed in the
Adamaoua Region rear animals, while 63 % and 86 % rear animals in the North and Far-North Regions
respectively. Close to three-quarters of affected households rear poultry and half rear goats. Sheep and
cattle rearing is widespread, with more than two-thirds of households involved. There are also donkeys,
pigs and horses in the area, but to a lesser extent.
Monthly income of households: the average monthly income of a household, depending on the period,
ranges from CFAF 110 000 and CFAF 150 000. The average monthly income of affected households is
CFAF 130 000. Six out of 10 affected households earn less than CFAF 100 000 F and 3 earn less than
CFAF 50 000.
Source of lighting: more than 8 out of 10 persons use a flashlight as a means of lighting, thereby making
it the main source of lighting used by affected persons. Two out of 10 affected households use the
hurricane lamp for lighting, 1 uses the solar lamp and 1 electric power. The use of generators as a source
of lighting is very rare.
Functional household appliances: 7 out of 10 households do not have any functional household
appliance (television set, radio set, refrigerator, blender, pressing iron and electric stove). Only 1 out of
10 households has more than one appliance. The most common appliance is the radio set (one-quarter
of households have it), followed by television set. Refrigerators and pressing irons are scarce. Blenders
and electric stoves are non-existent.
Type of fireplace used for cooking: the vast majority of households (84 %) use one type of fireplace
for cooking, although a few (10 %) use two or more. Six per cent of households do not use any type of
fireplace for cooking. Close to 9 out of 10 households use the traditional fireplace (threes stones) for
cooking.
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Access to basic social infrastructure: the majority of households (58 %) cover between 1 kilometre
and 5 kilometres to accede to a health infrastructure. Twenty-seven per cent of households are less than
1 kilometre away from this type of infrastructure, while 15% are more than 5 kilometres away. Eighty-
two per cent of households have access to a water point within a 1 kilometre radius and 17% cover
between 1 kilometre and 5 kilometres. Only 1% of households live more than 5 kilometres away from
a water point. The vast majority of households (96%) cover less than 5 kilometres to have access to
educational infrastructure: half of them (53 %) live less than 1 kilometre away from this type of
infrastructure and the other half (43 %) live at a distance of between 1 kilometre and 5 kilometres. Four
per cent of households live more than 5 kilometres away from an educational infrastructure. Close to
half of households (46 %) cover between 1 kilometre and 5 kilometres to accede to a market. Thirty per
cent of households live less than 1 kilometre away from a market, while 24 % are more than 5 kilometres
away.
6.3 Gender Issues
Financial compensation has often had a destabilizing effect on households and had even broken them
up. Women PAPs are pressured by their entourage to share or hand over all the money paid to them.
The wives of PAPs are often excluded from decisions regarding the use of the financial compensation
and may be isolated in impoverishment when their husbands would have spent all the money without
meeting the needs of the household, or abandoned them and the children without resources. Increase in
the number of separation and divorce cases is common in areas where financial compensation is paid.
The level of women’s education, which is often lower than that of men, their day-to-day household
chores (time consuming) and their low mobility are obstacles or impediments to participation in
consultations and to coping with the changes that the project may cause.
A series of measures should be put in place to prevent these negative social effects. They are information,
sensitization and social support. Women are eligible for these measures just like men.
6.4 Assistance to Vulnerable Persons
6.4.1 Identification of Vulnerable Persons
Vulnerability of PAPs means the level of exposure to the negative impacts of displacement,
compensation and resettlement. Vulnerable persons can be more seriously affected than other PAPs and
may not have the resources required to face project-induced situation changes (physical displacement,
with loss of housing and/or economic loss, loss of means of livelihood such as access to a cultivated
farm). It is difficult to establish categories of vulnerable groups because vulnerability relates more to
individual situations. However, many potential (and frequent) sources of vulnerability were identified
during socio-economic surveys, namely:
illiteracy or low level of education which, in a situation of isolation, restricts access to
information and the capacity to enforce one’s rights;
gender-related vulnerability can be particularly high in situations of project impact-
related physical and/or economic displacement. Owing to their social status and
traditional roles within households, women are exposed to the risk of impoverishment
or deterioration of their living conditions. In addition, they often have limited access to
information and decision-making mechanisms, which does not allow them to enforce
their rights as project-affected persons;
migrant populations (for example, households recently settled on fertile lands for
farming) are also potentially more exposed to project negative impacts. Their status and
ownership rights to the land they occupy are fragile and can be questioned by the
“indigenous” inhabitants during compensation procedures;
displaced persons such as those who have fled from their land due to the presence of
Boko Haram in the far-north region may meet the vulnerability criteria laid down in
this RAP. In the lamidat of Rey Bouba for example, many of them face difficulties in
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paying the taxes imposed by the Lamido in order to keep the land allocated to them.
The inhabitants of Tokombéré 11 are another example. Persons whose property in the
Bénoué flood-prone area that was expropriated, were resettled in this village by the
Government. Any physical or economic displacement of these persons must be avoided
where possible. Where it is not possible, targeted measures will accompany the
compensation and resettlement process;
generally, persons using land with insecure tenure status are exposed to a major risk of
impoverishment if the necessary measures are not put in place during the compensation
and resettlement process. The project will also take the necessary measures to support
these persons;
vulnerability related to age or particular health problems may also be an aggravating
factor for project negative impacts on some members of the population.
6.4.2 Assistance to vulnerable households
Assistance to affected vulnerable households comprises the following measures:
• identification of vulnerable households and the cause of their vulnerability;
• identification of supplementary assistance required at the various stages of the
process, with the possibility of negotiating ;
• monitoring and continuation of assistance after resettlement and/or supplementary
compensation, where necessary;
• encouragement of connection to the power grid;
• other specialized assistance, according to the requests and needs of vulnerable
households.
Depending on the case, assistance may comprise:
• assistance for understanding expropriation and compensation procedures;
• assistance for relocation;
• assistance for school enrolment of children;
• assistance for social integration.
7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INCLUDING DISPUTES SETTLEMENT AND APPEAL
MECHANISMS
7.1 National Regulatory Framework
In Cameroon, the national legal framework governing the environmental aspect of the project mainly
comprises the following laws and regulations: (i) Framework Law No. 96/12 of 5 August 1996 on
environmental management; (ii) Decree No. 2013/171/PM of 14 February 2013 laying down the terms
and conditions for conducting environmental and social impact assessments; (iii) Order No. 70 /MINEP
of 22 April 2005 establishing the various categories of operations subject to the conduct of a full impact
assessment and an initial environmental assessment; (iii) Decree No. 2011/2582/PM of 23 August 2011
laying down the terms and conditions for atmospheric protection; (iv) Decree No. 2011/2583/PM of 23
August 2011 to regulate sound and odour nuisances; (v) Decree No. 2011/2584/PM of 23 August 2011
laying down the terms and conditions for soil and sub-soil protection; (vi) Decree No. 2011/2585/PM
of 23 August 2011 establishing the list of harmful or hazardous substances and the regime of their
discharge into continental waters; (vii) Order No. 001/MINEP of 3 April 2013 laying down the
organization and functioning of Divisional Committees for Monitoring the Implementation of
Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs); (viii) Law No. 94/1 of 20 January 1994 laying
down the forestry, wildlife and fisheries regime; (ix) Decree No. 95/531/ PM of 23 August 1995 laying
down the terms and conditions for applying the forestry regime; (x) the Forestry Operation Standards of
January 1998; (xi) Law No. 98/5 of 14 April 1998 establishing the water regime; (xii) Order No.
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39/MTPS/IMT of 26 November 1984 laying down general workplace hygiene and safety measures;
(xiii) Law No. 91/8 of 30 July 1991 on the protection of cultural and natural heritage owing to the
importance that must be given to tourism and tourist sites, and archaeological heritage that could be
discovered during works.
Concerning affected property, the national legal framework governing compensation comprises: Law
No. 85/9 of 4 July 1985 on expropriation in the public interest and the terms and conditions for paying
compensation; Order No. 832/4.15.1/MINUH/D 000 laying down the terms and conditions for applying
Law No. 85/9 of 4 July 1985 on finished and unfinished buildings; Decree No. 2003/418/PM of 25
February 2003 fixing the rates of compensation paid to owners of crops and planted trees destroyed in
the public interest.
The three orders on public interest statement (DUP) for the Chad-Cameroon Electrical Grid
Interconnection Project signed on 25 April 2016 by the Minister of State Property, Surveys and Land
Tenure (MINDCAF) authorize expropriation for project needs. They are:
Order No. 364/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142: Adamaoua Region (Ngaoundéré to
Ndom);
Order No. 365/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142: North Region (Ndom to Lam);
Order No. 366/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142: Far-North Region (Lam to Maroua,
Maroua to Gassi and Maroua to Garoua).
These instruments provide for the establishment of regional Findings and Assessment
Committees (FACs) whose role is to conduct an investigation to identify and assess property
that is affected as well as identify their owners or holders. DUP orders determine the FAC’s
sphere of competence (divisional, provincial, regional or national), depending on the project’s
scope, nature and importance. The Findings and Assessment Committee for this project will
have a regional dimension. Its operating costs will be included in MINDCAF’s budget.
In Chad, State property and land tenure are governed by Laws Nos. 23, 24 and 25 of 22 July
1967 respectively on the status of State property, land ownership and customary rights and
limitation of land rights, and their implementing decrees Nos. 186, 187 and 188 of 1 August
1967. The instruments form the legal basis for the administration of private and public lands in
Chad. In addition, the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of Chad (revised in 2005) lays down
the basic principles of private property which recognize and protect property right. Article 43
of the 1996 Constitution of Chad states that “every Chadian shall have the right to establish
their domicile or residence freely and in any place whatsoever on the national territory.”
The Land Code provides that “when an operation in the public interest requires expropriation,
it shall be preceded by an investigation lasting at least one (1) month and at most four (4)
months.”
The 1996 Constitution of Chad underpins the expropriation mechanism by stipulating in Article
41(2) that “no one may be dispossessed other than for reasons of public interest, duly
established, and against the payment of fair and prior compensation.”
7.2 Applicable African Development Bank Regulatory Framework
Project implementation must meet the Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) requirements,
particularly Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2): involuntary resettlement: land acquisition,
population displacement and compensation which seeks to clarify all issues related to physical
and economic displacement that, however, do not specifically relate to land acquisition. The
specific objectives of OS2 are to: (i) avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, or minimise
resettlement impacts where involuntary resettlement is deemed unavoidable after all alternative
project designs have been explored; (ii) ensure that displaced people are meaningfully consulted
16
and given opportunities to participate in the planning and implementation of resettlement
programmes; (iii) ensure that displaced people receive significant resettlement assistance under
the project, so that their standards of living, income-earning capacity, production levels and
overall means of livelihood are improved beyond pre-project levels; (iv) provide explicit
guidance to borrowers on the conditions that need to be met regarding involuntary resettlement
issues in Bank operations to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and resettlement,
actively facilitate social development and establish a sustainable economy and society; and (v)
guard against poorly prepared and implemented resettlement plans by setting up a mechanism
for monitoring the performance of involuntary resettlement programmes in Bank operations
and remedying problems as they arise.
Project implementation is also aligned with Operational Safeguard 5: labour conditions, health
and safety.
Other relevant Bank policies and guidelines are applicable once triggered within the ISS
framework. These include: (i) Bank Gender Policy (2001) – Bank Group Gender Strategy 2014
- 2018 (2014); (ii) Framework for Enhanced Commitment with Civil Society Organizations
(2012); (iii) Disclosure and Access to Information Policy (2012); (iv) Handbook on Stakeholder
Consultation and Participation in Bank Operations (2001); (v) Policy on Population and
Strategies for Implementation (2002); and (vi) Environmental and Social Assessment
Procedures for Bank Operations (2015).
7.3 Complaint and Conflict Management Process
Principles
To be efficient, inspire confidence and be operational, the mechanism must comply with some
basic principles, namely:
Participation: the representatives of various stakeholders, particularly those of PAPs and local
government and traditional authorities, participate in the mechanism which mainstreams gender
issues and encourages women’s participation.
Contextualization and Relevance: the mechanism is suitable for the project context and
consistent with local governance entities.
Safety and Confidentiality: anyone who so wishes can safely file a complaint. The potential
risks faced by users were mainstreamed into the design of the mechanism which guarantees the
confidentiality of procedures (confidentiality helps to ensure the safety and protection of those
filing complaints and those concerned by such complaints). In this regard, the number of people
with access to sensitive information should be limited.
Transparency: users clearly understand how to gain access to the mechanism whose purpose
and function are communicated in a transparent manner.
Accessibility: the mechanism will be accessible to as many people as possible, particularly
those who are often excluded or most marginalized or vulnerable.
Main Phases
The complaint management mechanism will involve Local Resettlement Committees
comprising representatives of PAPs and local government and traditional authorities. These
committees will be established in each municipal council. The mechanism will operate in two
main phases, namely:
17
Recording of Complaints or Disputes in a Complaints Register
PAPs may file their complaints:
with the Local Resettlement Committee of their municipal council which has a
complaints register; or
directly with the Project (the Complaints Management Officer’s contact address
will be communicated to and displayed in the areas concerned).
Complaints will be managed in a consistent manner, irrespective of the channel chosen.
To live up to complainants’ expectations, response time limits will be set and users clearly
informed thereof.
Amicable Settlement of Complaints
Once a complaint is recorded, it will be examined by the FAC and the Project Complaints
Management Officer. The conclusions may lead to:
the rejection of the complaint (Option 1)
Additional explanations are provided to the complainant to enable him to understand the
reasons for rejecting the complaint.
- If he accepts the rejection, his complaint is closed.
- If he challenges the rejection, he may l appeal against the decision. A mediation
body will then try to reach an agreement or compromise among the various
parties involved.
o If the mediation is successful => Option 3.
o If the mediation fails, the complainant may resort to legal action.
conduct of a supplementary investigation (Option 2)
This may, for example, be re-examination by the FAC resulting in the revision of the
assessment. Whatever the outcome of the investigation, it is necessary to clearly communicate
the findings of the review process to the complainant and duly inform him of the measures to
be taken based on the decision adopted. This supplementary investigation can lead to:
o the rejection of the complaint => Option 1.
o a favourable opinion => Option 3.
favourable opinion and signing of an agreement (Option 3)
The complainant is satisfied with the fair and proper handling of the complaint. All the parties
concerned by the complaint reach and sign an agreement which is guaranteed by the Local
Resettlement Committee through its signature.
8. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
8.1 Institutions Involved
8.1.1 In Chad
The institutional responsibilities applicable to this Full Resettlement Plan particularly concern
five institutions which will be responsible for its preparation, validation and implementation.
These are the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (MPE) which ensures that involuntary
resettlement measures during the preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
phases are implemented in accordance with Chadian legislation and AfDB Guidelines on
Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement; the Ministry of Finance and Budget which is in
18
charge of disbursing the funds needed to pay compensation to project-affected persons; the
Ministry of Environment and Fisheries which ensures the viability of technical data within its
sphere of competence and the fair treatment of cases of expropriation; the ministries in charge
of territorial administration, and of public security which will be the administrative supervisory
authorities of expropriation and compensation of project-affected persons, as well as police and
gendarmerie services which will ensure the safety of operations; the Ministry of Regional
Development, Town Planning and Housing which will participate in the Committee through its
regional delegations to ensure the quality of assessments according to its sphere of competence;
local authorities whose mission is to manage municipal councils and civil society organizations.
8.1.2 In Cameroon
Many institutions are, in one way or another, concerned by involuntary displacement. These
are the Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure (MINDCAF) which has the sole
authority to issue public interest statement (DUP) orders for operations implemented by any
ministry necessitating expropriations; the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
(MINHDU) which determines the rates of compensation for buildings; the Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER) which determines the rates of compensation
for crops; the Ministry of Economy, Planning and Regional Development (MINEPAT); the
Ministry of Finance (MINFI) which disburses the funds required to pay compensation after the
Committee has completed its expert assessment; the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources
(MINEE); the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINATD) whose
representatives, namely governors and senior divisional officers, chair expropriation
commissions, respectively at the regional and divisional levels; the Ministry of Social Affairs
(MINAS) which is responsible for ensuring better consideration of vulnerable social groups;
the Ministry of Labour and Social Security; municipal councils; local non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) which participate in facilitating, supervising and training communities
and other actors, and in providing advisory support; local professional organizations;
chiefdoms; and the Findings and Assessment Committee which is responsible for preparing
investigation reports, in accordance with decrees on public services.
8.2 Institutional Capacity Building
Technical assistance is needed to strengthen the capacity of RAP implementation entities,
particularly in ensuring compliance with AfDB requirements. International consultants will
organize training sessions for the institutional actors involved in the implementation of
compensation and resettlement measures.
9. ELIGIBILITY
9.1 Conditions of Eligibility for Compensation and General Provisions
An eligibility matrix was prepared in accordance with AfDB’s Operational Safeguard 2. The
principles of eligibility, compensation and assistance were defined, with special emphasis on
vulnerable persons.
Eligible persons will be men and women who are negatively affected by the project living
within the transmission line right-of-way. By definition, a person is said to be negatively
affected by the project when he or she loses sources of income, property rights, user rights or
other rights to a building, a piece of land or any other chattel or building, in whole or in part
and permanently or temporarily due to project implementation.
19
Eligible persons will therefore be those who: (i) have legal rights over land, including
customary and traditional rights; (ii) have no legal rights over land at the time of conduct of the
census, but have recognized right of enjoyment or claims over such land or property; (iii)
occupy land, though they do not have legal rights over it.
Project-affected persons will be entitled to indemnification or compensation; that is, they will
be expected to benefit from the measures adopted to mitigate losses. The measures may be
indemnification or compensation depending on the status of occupation of the affected area,
rehabilitation, relocation allowance, and disturbance allowance.
Rightful claimants of deceased persons who are formally recognized will also be eligible for
compensation during the interval between the identification of assets and payment of
compensation. Project-affected persons should benefit from compensation calculated with
effect from the date known as the rights adjudication eligibility date.
9.2 Eligibility Deadline
As no deadline has been formally set, the de facto eligibility deadline is the period from
November to December 2016, which corresponds to the period of identification of PAPs on the
ground. This date was communicated to the local authorities concerned and during public
information meetings organized by the Consultant in communities located along the
transmission line route. Anyone undertaking a development activity on the corridor after this
date will not be eligible for compensation measures as spelt out in this FRP.
10. ASSESSMENT AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES
10.1 Method of Calculating Compensation
The principles of compensation will be that:
irrespective of the form (in kind or cash), compensation will be paid before
physical and/or economic displacement;
compensation will be calculated based on the full replacement cost for property
lost (plus transaction costs). The estimate will be based on the 2003 legal
schedule of rates adjusted for inflation, while ensuring that the schedule
guarantees market value equivalence.
When this report was being prepared, the Findings and Assessment Committee (FAC) had not
carried out the census of PAPs and inventory of property. The Committee’s work will give rise
to the publication of decrees relating to the compensation of PAPs. Generally, the FAC applies
legal rates. To ensure compliance with AfDB requirements regarding compensation, the rates
proposed in the RAP should be applied.
Adjustments will be made based on the rate of inflation in the Central African Economic and
Monetary Community (CEMAC) zone published in various annual reports of the Franc Zone
by the Bank of France, and those announced by the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) for
2016 and 2017 estimates.
20
10.2 Valuation Bases
Buildings: the project has taken all the necessary measures to optimize the transmission line
route and minimize impacts in terms of economic and physical displacement. The schedule of
compensation for buildings that will be unavoidably destroyed, as identified by the Consultant
during surveys carried out in November and December 2016, will be the full replacement value,
excluding depreciation. Tenants will be compensated for a transition period equivalent to 6
months’ rents.
Land: the RAP budget will include a provision for the replacement of residential land at the
rate of CFAF 4 000 per square metre. It is considered that a household needs at least 500 square
metres to rebuild its house. Regarding farmland, CFAF 200 per square metre is earmarked as
compensation for the cost of clearing and preparing replacement land.
Crops and trees: a schedule of rates is used to estimate the value of perennial and annual crop
losses, notably trees and medicinal plants. Reference rates applied to other projects were taken
into account.
Income of traders and artisans: losses of income by traders, artisans and other professionals
concerned are calculated for an average of 6 months during the transition period pending the
resumption of activity.
11. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL RESETLEMENT SITES, SELECTION
OF SITE(S), PREPARATION OF SITE AND RESETTLEMENT
Within the framework of the project, affected houses will be rebuilt within the original locality.
There will be no land issues. The exact site for each PAP will be determined and developed in
line with the preparation and implementation of the FRP prior to the displacement of
households.
12. HOUSING, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
Water and sanitation infrastructure such as boreholes and wells will be systematically replaced.
To improve the living conditions of the population of the area, the project plans to
systematically improve access to electricity and contribute to improving public lighting, in
collaboration with the municipalities.
13. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Environmental protection actions will be carried out in keeping with the Environmental and
Social Management Plan (ESMP) contained in the Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment.
14. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
The table below shows the overall Full Resettlement Plan implementation schedule.
Description of activities Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Constitution of the ad hoc committee
Capacity building of administrations
21
Awareness of PAP's
Checking PAPs and rapid updating of
economic data
Verification of the amounts of
compensation per PAP
Payment of compensation
Construction of houses
Assistance to vulnerable
Moving people
Supervision and monitoring
15. COSTS AND BUDGET
15.1 Full Resettlement Plan (FRP) Cost
15.1.1 Chad
The budget, including all measures adopted under this Plan and the operation implementation
and monitoring and evaluation costs, stands at EUR 6 604 995 or CFAF (XAF) 4 345 391 713.
Budget Item Total in CFAF Total in EUR
1. Compensation
1.1 Perennial or cash crops and fruit trees
Citrus (lemon, grapefruit, mandarin, orange, pomelo, and similar
plant) trees 134 020 000 203 710
Mango and avocado trees 144 415 000 219 511
Pine, custard-apple, guava, and apple trees 50 188 200 76 286
Other fruit trees 9 077 600 13 798
Dom palm trees 8 618 000 13 099
Banana trees 285 400 434
Shade trees 15 620 100 23 743
Other trees grown 97 857 900 148 744
Sub-total Perennial Crops 460 082 200 699 325
1.2 Provision for Other Crops
Leguminous plants (groundnuts, bambara groundnuts, soybeans, and
similar crops) 5 580 488 8 482
Grain (corn, millet, sorghum, rice and similar crops) 23 180 488 35 234
Tubers 1 639 024 2 491
Market garden crops 106 243 902 161 491
Other crops 880 000 1 338
Irrigation areas (provision for investment) 7 000 000 10 640
Sub-total Other Crops 144 523 902 219 676
1.3 Houses
Permanent houses 473 200 000 719 264
Semi-permanent houses 378 560 000 575 411
Temporary houses (rebuilt with semi-permanent materials) 1 439 750 000 2 188 420
22
Budget Item Total in CFAF Total in EUR
Kitchen 18 060 000 27 451
Toilets (and annexes) 9 500 000 14 440
Shower 4 000 000 6 080
Veranda 600 000 912
Worksite/foundations 8 000 000 12 160
Fences 7 000 000 10 640
Provision for tenants 9 720 000 14 774
Sub-total Houses 2 348 390 000 3 569 553
1.4 Other Private Buildings
Commercial buildings 3 000 000 4 560
Sheep barn 675 000 1 026
Shed 4 500 000 6 840
Stable 225 000 342
Sheep barn 9 675 000 14 706
Granary 2 280 000 3 466
Poultry house 225 000 342
Sub-total Other Buildings 20 580 000 31 282
1.5 Community Buildings
School 75 000 000 114 000
Church 5 000 000 7 600
Shed/drying area 300 000 456
Cemetery 3 000 000 4 560
Mosque 5 000 000 7 600
Wharf 2 000 000 3 040
Other buildings 6 000 000 9 120
Initiation site (sacred place) 400 000 608
Sub-total Community Buildings 96 700 000 146 984
1.6 Graves
Earth graves 6 700 000 10 184
Roughcast graves 0 0
Cement graves 0 0
Cost of ceremony without exhumation 5 360 000 8 147
Sub-total Graves 12 060 000 18 331
1.7 Wells/boreholes (community-owned or privately-owned)
Wells/boreholes 208 000 000 316 160
Elevated water tank 30 000 000 45 600
Sub-total Wells/Boreholes 238 000 000 361 760
1.8 Permanent Acquisition of Land in the Project Right-of-way (replacement)
Housing lots 388 000 000 589 760
Cultivated/potential agricultural land (provision for clearing) 31 600 000 48 032
Sub-total Permanent Acquisition of Land 419 600 000 637 792
1.9 Others
Loss of income by traders (6 months) 40 000 61
Provision for tenants 2 880 000 4 378
Sub-total Acquisition of Land 2 920 000 4 438
Sub-total Compensation 3 742 856 102 5 689 141
2. Project Supervision
Compensation/Resettlement Measures Implementation Unit 60 000 000 91 200
Institutional capacity building 50 000 000 76 000
Facilitation: administration, elected representatives and chiefdoms
(transportation costs, etc.) 15 000 000 22 800
Sensitization meetings 22 500 000 34 200
Assistance to vulnerable persons 15 000 000 22 800
Worksite monitoring and legal Counsel 8 000 000 12 160
Monitoring and evaluation 20 000 000 30 400
External audit 17 000 000 25 840
Sub-total Project Supervision 207 500 000 315 400
23
Budget Item Total in CFAF Total in EUR
395 035 610 600 454
Total RAP Budget Chad 4 345 391 713 6 604 995
15.1.2 Cameroon
The budget, including all measures adopted under this Plan and the operation implementation
and monitoring and evaluation costs, stand at EUR 14 914 961 or CFAF (XAF) 9 812 474 100. Budget Item Total CFAF Total EUR
1. Compensation
1.1 Perennial crops
Citrus (lemon, grapefruit, mandarin, orange, pomelo, and similar plant)
trees 19 320 000 29 366
Mango and avocado trees 69 547 000 105 711
Papaw trees 240 900 366
Pine, custard-apple, guava, and apple trees 7 501 400 11 402
Other fruit trees 21 961 600 33 382
Shade trees 49 275 800 74 899
Other trees grown 145 956 300 221 854
Sub-total Perennial Crops 313 803 000 476 981
1.2 Provision for other Crops
Leguminous plants (groundnuts, bambara groundnuts, soybeans, and
similar crops) 31 284 000 47 552
Grain (corn, millet, sorghum, rice, and similar crops) 31 284 000 47 552
Other crops (tubers, cotton, sugar cane, etc.) 6 320 000 9 606
Market garden crops 82 160 000 124 883
Sub-total Other Crops 151 048 000 229 593
1.3 Houses
Permanent houses 236 600 000 359 632
Semi-permanent houses 334 880 000 509 018
Temporary houses (rebuilt with semi-permanent materials) 5 778 500 000 8 783 320
Kitchen 21 900 000 33 288
Toilets (and annexes) 17 920 000 27 238
Provision for tenants 122 040 000 185 501
Sub-total Houses 6 511 840 000 9 897 997
1.4 Other Private Buildings
Commercial buildings 24 000 000 36 480
Sheep barn 5 175 000 7 866
Shed 0 0
Granary 1 320 000 2 006
Piggery 385 000 585
Poultry house 900 000 1 368
Sub-total Other Buildings 31 780 000 48 306
1.5 Community Buildings
Health centre 70 000 000 106 400
School 300 000 000 456 000
Church 80 000 000 121 600
Mosque 5 000 000 7 600
Market 5 000 000 7 600
Sub-total Community Buildings 460 000 000 699 200
1.6 Graves
Earth graves 7 900 000 12 008
Roughcast graves 750 000 1 140
Cement graves 1 650 000 2 508
Cost of ceremony without exhumation 7 680 000 11 674
Sub-total Graves 17 980 000 27 330
1.7 Wells/boreholes
Wells/boreholes 544 000 000 826 880
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Elevated water tank 20 000 000 30 400
Sub-total Wells/Boreholes 564 000 000 857 280
1.8 Permanent Acquisition of Land in the Project Right-of-way (replacement)
Housing lots 378 000 000 574 560
Cultivated/potential agricultural land (provision for clearing) 62 000 000 94 240
Sub-total Permanent Acquisition of Land 440 000 000 668 800
1.9 Others
Loss of income by traders (6 months) 1 920 000 2 918
Provision for tenants 93 060 000 141 451
Destruction of buildings 0 0
Sous-total Acquisition of Land 94 980 000 144 370
Sub-total Compensation 8 585 431 000 13 049 855
2. Project Supervision
Compensation/Resettlement Measures Implementation Unit 120 000 000 182 400
Institutional capacity building 50 000 000 76 000
Facilitation: administration, elected representatives and chiefdoms
(transportation costs, etc.) 30 000 000 45 600
Sensitization meetings 45 000 000 68 400
Assistance to vulnerable persons 30 000 000 45 600
Worksite monitoring, legal counsel 10 000 000 15 200
Monitoring and evaluation 30 000 000 45 600
External audit 20 000 000 30 400
Sub-total Project Supervision 335 000 000 509 200
892 043 100 1 355 906
Total RAP Budget Cameroon 9 812 474 100 14 914 961
15.2 Financing Plan
Institution Amount
Government of Chad EUR 6 604 995
Government of Cameroon EUR 14 914 961
16. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
16.1 Overall Approach
Monitoring and evaluation are major components of resettlement actions.
Monitoring seeks to examine what is effective and what is not, identify difficulties or
impediments, understand the reasons and respond by making appropriate adjustments. It
focuses on three main aspects, namely, resources mobilized, activities implemented and
outcomes of such activities.
For its part, evaluation seeks to verify if general policy objectives have been met and to draw
lessons from the operation implemented in order to adjust strategies and implementation in the
longer term.
16.2 Monitoring
The aim will be to carry out internal monitoring, with monthly, quarterly or half-yearly
reporting according to indicators, resource utilization, implementation of planned activities and
outcomes.
The PMU will monitor project implementation in each of the two countries. The FACs will
participate in the identification of indicator. Copies of reports will be forwarded to it.
In line with AfDB’s OS2, monitoring will include:
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the availability of adequate financial resources required for RAP
implementation, as indicated in the budget;
the review of the grievance settlement of redress mechanism;
the physical progress of the impact of the Resettlement Action Plan.
The table below presents some examples of indicators.
Table: Resource, Activity and Impact Monitoring Indicators
Indicators Sources of Verification Frequency
Resources (inputs)
% of overall execution of the estimated budget
(expenditure) Internal financial documents Quarterly
% of execution by budget head (amount of
compensation paid to PAPs, assistance to vulnerable
persons, etc.)
Internal financial documents Quarterly
Activities (Outputs)
Number and % of compensation agreements signed with
PAPs
PAP databases
Internal documents
Reporting by partners
Monthly
Number and % of complaints handled
PAP databases
Internal documents
Reporting by partners
Monthly
Number and % compensation paid
PAP databases
Internal financial documents
Reporting by partners
Monthly
Impacts (Outcomes)
Number and % of PAPs displaced
PAP databases
Internal documents
Reporting by partners
Monthly
Number and % of PAPs who have received
compensation (by category and amount)
PAP databases
Internal documents
Reporting by partners
Monthly
Quality of buildings constructed PAP databases
Internal documents Half-yearly
Rate of replacement of fruit trees PAP databases
Internal documents Half-yearly
16.3 Evaluation
- Internal Evaluation
An internal evaluation will be carried out immediately after project completion. It will be very
necessary to ensure that:
displaced persons have been resettled and to the extent possible, near their
former location ;
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displaced persons are provided with houses of a quality at least equal to that of
their former houses;
land security is respected;
all compensation due has been paid.
- External Project Completion Audit
An external completion audit will also be carried out upon project completion. It will be
undertaken by independent evaluators with wide experience in the domain and, if possible, with
sound knowledge of the specificities of Cameroon. Besides analysing internal monitoring
documents, they will carry out their own field analyses through investigations among
stakeholders and project-affected persons.
Lessons drawn from this evaluation could be useful in RAP implementation in future projects
of the kind. Furthermore, as stated in AfDB’s OS2, it should “compare the real situation with
the envisaged or expected situation, including, in particular, the number of affected persons,
and review the assumptions, associated risks and those induced by the resettlement process, as
well as the difficulties faced”.
17. REFERENCES AND CONTACTS
17.1 References
The summary was prepared based on the following documents:
ESIA Reports on the Chad-Cameroon Electrical Grid Interconnection Project - May
2017 - ARTELIA/HATCH.
ESMP Reports on the Chad-Cameroon Electrical Grid Interconnection Project - May
2017 - ARTELIA/HATCH.
Reports on the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the Chad-Cameroon Electrical Grid
Interconnection Project - May 2017 - ARTELIA/HATCH.
17.2 Contacts
For further information, please contact:
For the African Development Bank (AfDB)
Ibrahima KONATE, Division Manager OIC, email. [email protected]
Jean-Pierre MUTSINZI, Principal Electrical Engineer, e-mail: [email protected];
Pierre Hassan SANON, Principal Social Development Specialist, e-mail.:
Modeste KINANE, Principal Environntal Specialist, email. [email protected];
Salim BAIOD, Environmental Specialist, SNSC Consultant, e-mail: [email protected].
