Fuel Management Onboard The Ongoing Challenge

by

Na e e m J a va id & Ma ria K yra ts o ud i FOBASHellenic Lloyd’s SAA member of the Lloyd’s Register Group

Bunk e rw o rld c o nfe re nc e , 4 - 6 Ma y, Ath e ns , Gre e c e

Overview

• Dr iv e r s & O b j e c t iv e s

• Ma r in e F ue l - Q ua l it y c o n c e r n s

• Un d e r s t a n d in g Ma r in e F ue l Q ua l it y S t a n d a r d

• F ue l Ma n a g e me n t O n b o a r d

Fuel ManagementDrivers & Objectives • E n s ur e a ppr o pr ia t e

b un k e r in g , s t o r a g e , h a n d l in g a n d t r e a t me n t

• E n s ur e t h e s a f e a n d e f f ic ie n t us e o f f ue l o n b o a r d v e s s e l

• E n s ur e c o mpl ia n c e t o e n v ir o n me n t a l l e g is l a t io n

• Ma ximis e c o mb us t io n pe r f o r ma n c e

• Avo id in g a n d mit ig a t in g d is put e s

• R e d uc e f ue l c o n s umpt io n a n d e mis s io n s

• R e d uc e c o mme r c ia l , t e c hn ic a l a n d o pe r a t io n a l r is ks a s s o c ia t e d w it h us in g va r yin g q ua l it y f ue l s

E n v ir o n me n t a l L e g is l a t io n s

R e f in in g & S uppl y c h a in

T e c h n o l o g ic a l A d va n c e me n t s & C o s t

Fuel supply-Power-Emission CycleSOx NOx Fossi l -CO 2 PM

HC

E n e r g yE n e r g y

Re s id ua l Fue lsRe s id ua l Fue ls

Dis tilla te Fue lsDis tilla te Fue ls

Q ua l it y v e r if ie d by s h ip s ys t e m / e n g in e pe r f o r ma n c e

Marine Fuels - Quality concernsRe s id ua ls :• C a t f in e s - In c r e a s e d us e o f c ut t e r

s t o c ks• S t a b il it y - C o mpa t ib il it y• Ig n it io n Q ua l it y • S ul ph ur - N o n c o mpl ia n c e is s ue s -

B l e n d in g t o t h e l imit s• C he mic a l wa s t e• H o mo g e n e it y o f b l e n d e d f ue l s –

S t r a t if ic a t io n

Dis tilla te s :• P r o d uc e d t o l imit – n o mixin g o f e r r o r

in s t o r a g e , t r a n s f e r , t r e a t me n t o r us e• P o o r A s ph a l t e n e t o l e r a n c e• F l a s h po in t• S o l v e n t / c l e a n in g a c t io n – S l ud g e /

po w e r l o s s• L o w v is c o s it y / P o o r l ub r ic it y • F A ME (F a t t y Ac id Me t h yl E s t e r s ) / B io -

d ie s e l• Mic r o b ia l c o n t a min a t io n

Typical Monthly ‘Off-Spec’ (> 9 5 % c o n f id e n c e l imit – a ppr o x. 2 -5 % )

'Off- Spec' Distribution %Water

Sulphur

Viscosity

Flash Point

Density

Al+Si

ULO

Stability

AcidNumberOther

O f f -S pe c if ic a t io n d o e s N O T n e c e s s a r il y me a n ‘un us a b l e ’N e it h e r is c o mpl ia n c e w it h Ta b l e 1 o r 2 t h e w h o l e s t o r y!R e a c t io n o f ma c h in e r y pl a n t is t h e f in a l pr o o f ‘o f f it n e s s f o r pur po s e ’

N o t Ta b l e 1 o r 2

Re pre s e nta tive s a m ple / Evid e nc e

Appe a rs w ith in s pe c ific a tio n?

Fue l fit fo r purpo s e ?

??

Understanding Marine Fuel Quality Standard

IS O 137 39 :20 10Bunk e r Pro c e d ure s

Fuel Management OnboardBunkering operation

• Avo id l o a d in g o n t o p (e xc e pt 5 - 10 % ma x)• Avo id mixin g - C o mpa t ib il it y t e s t (5 0 :5 0 b l e n d )• L o w / H ig h s ul ph ur s e g r e g a t io n• S a mpl in g – R e pr e s e n t a t iv e s a mpl e• Q ua n t it y d e t e r min a t io n v e s s e l / b a r g e • Do c ume n t a t io n (B un ke r N o t e / L o P / L o g B o o k/ O il R e c o r d

B o o k)• B un ke r d e l iv e r y r e c e ipt - De t a il s s h o ul d b e c o r r e c t

b e f o r e f in a l s ig n o f f• F o r r e c e ipt o n l y - L e t t e r o f P r o t e s t

vs

Understanding precision limits – ISO 4259ECA – Sulphur Content

• A Buye r c a n o n l y c o mpl a in a b o ut t he S ul ph ur r e s ul t if he is 9 5 % c o n f id e n t t ha t t he r e s ul t is o f f s pe c if ic a t io n

• For 1.00% m/m Sulphur limit - th e Buye r c a n c o n s id e r t he s a mpl e t o FAIL t he r e g ul a t io n w it h 9 5 % c o n f id e n c e if h is s in g l e r e s ul t is g r e a t e r t ha n 1 .06% m/ m

• For 1.00% m/m Sulphur limit – th e Supplie r c a n c o n s id e r t h e r e s ul t t o MEET t he r e g ul a t io n w it h 9 5 % c o n f id e n c e if h is s in g l e r e s ul t is < o r = 1 .06% m/ mMARPOL

Anne x VISulph ur Te s t Me th o d

IS O 875 4 :2003Spe c ifie d

Sulph ur Ma x Lim it (% m /m )

Lo w e r Lim it - Supp lie r

9 5 %

Uppe r Lim it - Buye r

9 5% 4 .5 0 4 .2 8 4 .7 2

3 .5 0 3 .3 3 3 .6 7

1.0 0 0 .9 4 1.0 6

0 .10 0 .0 9 0 .11

1st January 2012 Outside ECA-SOx Sulphur Maximum 3.50%m/m Po rt

Sulph ur

Ave ra ge

% GT 3 .5 0

S a l a l a h 3 .6 9 8 3 .6

K h o r F a kk a n 3 .5 7 6 5 .2

J e b e l A l i 3 .5 5 6 4 .7

F uj a ir a h 3 .4 9 5 6 .3

L o s An g e l e s 3 .2 4 4 2 .2

Ma s a n 3 .4 4 3 5 .7

B us a n 3 .3 5 2 9 .8

L o n g B e a c h 3 .0 8 2 9 .7

Ul s a n 3 .3 4 2 3 .6

Aug us t a 2 .9 7 2 3 .2

H o us t o n 3 .0 9 2 0 .6

In c h o n 3 .2 3 19 .7

J e d d a h 3 .4 0 19 .2

G a l v e s t o n 3 .0 6 17.4

F r e e po r t 2 .8 6 13 .5

T e xa s C it y 2 .9 0 12 .9

N e w O r l e a n s 2 .8 5 12 .6

N e w Yo r k 2 .3 7 11.7

C r is t o b a l 2 .8 2 9 .4

Ta n j un g P e l e pa s 2 .74 8 .9

S in g a po r e 2 .6 5 5 .4

R o t t e r d a m 1.81 4 .1

G ibr a l t a r 2 .17 1.5

G l o b a l pe r c e n t a g e o f H F O b un ke r s o f S ul ph ur e xc e e d in g 3 .5 0 % m/ m = 15 %

To p 2 3 P o r t s – Ma in l y in t he : Mid d l e E a s t , US G ul f , Ko r e a r e g io n s

S t ipul a t e Ma x S ul ph ur in B un k e r C l a us e f o r a l l G r a d e s !

IMO 20 10

S ul ph ur Dis t r ibut io n f o r R e s id ua l F ue l

Fuel Management OnboardStorage & Handling

Fuel Management OnboardTreatment • De n s it y, v is c o s it y, wa t e r ,

s e d ime n t s• R e g ul a r pe r f o r ma n c e c he c ks• O pt imis e d o pe r a t io n

- c a t f in e s- s e d ime n t s- wa t e r

• F l o w r a t e , he a t in g c a pa b il it ie s• Vis c o s it y c o n t r o l l e r• E f f e c t s

- v is c o s it y- h o mo g e n e it y- wa t e r

• S ize• Dif f e r e n t ia l pr e s s ur e s• E f f e c t s - e xt r a n e o us pa r t ic l e / d ir t - e xt e r n a l c o n t a min a t io n

He a ting

Purific a tio n

Filtra tio n

• C a t a l yt ic F in e s o f A l +S i• S e d ime n t s• In j e c t io n Vis c o s it y • Ig n it io n q ua l it y

• Wa t e r• C o mb us t io n pr o c e s s• Mic r o C a r b o n R e s id ue• O xid e s o f Va n a d ium / S o d ium• A s h

E n g in e pe r f o r ma n c e mo n it o r in g & a d j us t me n t s pe r n e w f ue l

S O x, N O x, P M, G H G

Fuel Management OnboardCombustion

E f f e c t iv e f ue l ma n a g e me n t o n b o a r d is c r uc ia l f o r s a f e , e f f ic ie n t a n d

e n v ir o n me n t a l f r ie n d l y s h ip o pe r a t io n !

• C h a n g e -o v e r pr o c e d ur e s & c a l c u l a t io n o f t ime

• C r e w awa r e n e s s – t r a in in g & r e c o r d k e e pin g• S e g r e g a t io n o f d if f e r e n t f ue l s t e m

(De g r a d e d o n b o a r d by in -t a n k o r s ys t e m pipe mixin g )

• C o mpa t ib il it y c o n c e r n s , c l e a n in g e f f e c t , o v e r / un d e r he a t in g

• L o n g e r pe r io d s o n l o w s u l ph ur f ue l o il – l ub e o il c o n c e r n s

Fuel Management OnboardManaging Sulphur Limited Zones (SLZ)

Case study : Which sample is representative?

Tests Units

Vessel's samples Supplier's samples

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Position Manifold drip Line Drip Tank (Upper) Tank (Middle) Line drip Line Drip

K Viscosity at 50 C Cst 357.93 363.5 370 372.7 350 341.5

Density at 15 Deg C Kg/l 993.3 993.1 992.4 992.4 991 990.3

Water Content % v/v 0.2 0.25 0.2 0.15

Ash Content % m/m 0.057 0.042 0.043 0.044

Micro Carbon Residue % m/m 10.99 11.48 12.23 12.21

Sulphur Content % m/m 1.2 1.18 1.01 1.02 1.89 1.89

Total Sediment Accel % m/m 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.02

Pour Point Deg C -3 6 6 6

Flash Point Deg C >76 110 >93 >93 99 97

Vanadium mg/kg 32 40 26 26 92 89

calcium mg/kg 14 18 13 13

phosphorus mg/kg 3 6 6 6

zinc mg/kg

Fuel Management - Holistic approach• C l e a r l y d e f in e d B un ke r / C ha r t e r c l a us e s• C o r r e c t c us t o d ia l b un ke r

pr o c e d ur e s / d o c ume n t a t io n • C r e w t r a in in g / awa r e n e s s• Wo r k a b l e & e f f e c t iv e s h ipb o a r d pr o c e d ur e s

Effective fuel management from bunker station to exhaust

Management of multi grade fuels Primary level evidence for bunkers as loaded Secondary level evidence for operational problems Procedures for responding to suspected quality problems.

• F ue l s ys t e m a n d e n g in e pe r f o r ma n c e mo n it o r in g

Summary:• A s s ur in g t h e in t e g r it y o f s uppl y c h a in

ma n a g e me n t (f ue l s uppl ie r )• Un if o r m a ppr o a c h f o r b un k e r t r a n s f e r &

s a mpl in g pr o c e d ur e s (f ue l s uppl ie r a n d b uye r – IS O 13 7 3 9 )

• E f f e c t iv e f ue l ma n a g e me n t o n b o a r d (f ue l b uye r / s h ip)

Th a nk yo u

Fo r m o re in fo rm a tio n p le a s e c o nta c t:

T +30 210 4 58 095 2F +3 0 2 1 1 268 6 65 3W w w w .lr.o rgE fo b a s @lr.o rg

He lle nic Llo yd ’s S .A. A m e m b e r o f th e Llo yd ’s Re g is te r Gro up 87 , Ak ti Mia o uli S tre e t, 185 38 Pira e us

The Lloyd’s Register Group works to enhance safety and approve assets and systems at sea, on land and in the air – because life matters.

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Fuel Management Onboard The Ongoing Challenge OverviewFuel Management Drivers & ObjectivesFuel supply-Power-Emission CycleMarine Fuels - Quality concerns Typical Monthly ‘Off-Spec’ (> 95% confidence limit – approx. 2-5%)Understanding Marine Fuel Quality StandardFuel Management Onboard Bunkering operation Understanding precision limits – ISO 4259 ECA – Sulphur Content1st January 2012 Outside ECA-SOx Sulphur Maximum 3.50%m/m Fuel Management Onboard Storage & HandlingSlide 12Effective fuel management onboard is crucial for safe, efficient and environmental friendly ship operation !Fuel Management Onboard Managing Sulphur Limited Zones (SLZ) Case study : Which sample is representative?Fuel Management - Holistic approachSummary:Slide 18