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FUEL ECONOMY ENGINE OILS –
NEXT STEP … LOWER OPERATING VISCOSITIES
1
Mike Brown
SKL Americas
May 5, 2011
“CAFE requirements by
2016 will be 35.5 mpg!
(≒15.1 km/L)”
- May 19, 2009
Governments lead innovation
2
Miles per gallon 2011 CAFE 2016 CAFE
Cars 27.5 42
Light duty trucks 24 26
Combined Fleet 27.3 35.5
53 %
OEMs Continue Down-shifting from 10W-30
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OEM 0W-20 5W-20 5W-30
Toyota Main Grade 3.5L, 3.7L RDX?
Ford Cars, Trucks
Main Grade 4.0L 5.4L (5W-50)
GM, Chevrolet Cars, Trucks
Main Grade
Honda Civic Hybrid: 1.3L, Insight
Main Grade
Nissan Altima Hybrid 2.5L Main Grade
Hyundai Main Grade
Chrysler Main Grade 2.4L turbo (xW-40) 3.5L (10W-30)
Source: Motor Information Systems: 2009 and 2010 model years
Why? For more fuel economy, lower CO2 emissions.
But, where will they go below SAE 5W-20 and 0W-20?
Lower Operating Viscosity Increases Fuel Economy
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5
% F
EI S
um
, fu
el e
con
om
y
HTHS Viscosity , mPaS @ 150 C
Seq VID Test Matrix Results
Tech 1
Tech 2
Tech 3
Linear (Tech 1)
Linear (Tech 2)
Linear (Tech 3)
SAE xW-30, 2.9 mPaS minimum
SAE xW-20, 2.6 mPaS minimum
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ILSAC GF-5, API SN Additive System
? ? ?
Proposed New Grades for SAE J300
1
10
0 20 40 60 80
HT
HS
V
isc
os
ity,
cP
@ 1
50°C
SAE Grade
SAE 40: 3.5/3.7 cP minimum
SAE 30: 2.9 cP minimum
SAE 20: 2.6 cP minimum
Goal: Extend SAE J300 to lighter engine oil viscosities**
** SAE Paper: 2010-01-2286: Extending SAE J300 to Viscosity Grades below SAE 20
Proposed New Grades
SAE 15: 2.3 cP minimum
SAE 10: 2.0 cP minimum
SAE 5: 1.7 cP minimum
Viscosities of SAE Grades Below SAE 20
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Kin
em
atic
Vis
cosi
ty, m
m2
/s @
10
0 C
HTHS Viscosity, mPa.S @ 150 C
SKL Blends
SAE papers
0W-10
Current SAE 20
SAE 15
SAE 10
SAE 5
6 SAE 2004-01-1936, SAE 1999-01-3468, SAE 982506 0W-10 Data from IOM
Used with IOM permission.
Marketers already launched products beyond current SAE grades
to get greater fuel economy and lower CO2 emissions.
Characterize their products 0W-10 without a formal definition.
Another issue: Volatility Losses
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Data from IOM
Used with IOM permission
Lower viscosity engine oils can be subject to high volatility
losses depending on the base oils used in their formulation.
38.2
28.4
18.6 18.5 19.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5
No
ack T
est,
%L
oss a
t 250
°C
Oils
Volatility Loss of Several Claimed 0W-10 Engine Oils
A Base Stock Manufacturer’s Point of View
• The proposed grades can be made with today’s quality of base stocks.
• Noack volatilities in the range of 12 to 14% weight loss reported
with today’s commercial base stocks.
• Engine durability for low friction engines - may require more technology
– Supplemental friction modifiers (Mo types) for valve train wear
protection?
• Defining new SAE viscosity grades will help reduce consumer
confusion even though marketers already launched 0W-10 products.
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SAE proposed Group III Group II
xW-15 0W- and 5W- 5W- only
xW-10 0W- and 5W- 5W- only
xW-5 0W- only --
Viscosity Range Beyond Sequence VID Matrix Oils
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
HTH
S V
isco
sty,
mP
a.s
@ 1
50
C
CCS Viscosity, mPa.s @ -30 C
Blend Studies
0W-20
5W-20
0W-15
5W-15
0W-10
5W-10
Seq VID Matrix Blends
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Next Steps for Discussion
• SAE EOVC to complete the study for TC-1 ballot
– Honda desires lighter viscosity grade classification
– Progress delayed due to earthquake/tsunami damages to
Japanese OEMs.
• ASTM to complete Interlab study for HTHS methods precision
• OEMs considering lighter viscosity grades for GF-6 category
– Comments during recent industry meeting in April.
– Looking for longer oil drain intervals and more FE retention for GF-6
• Will lighter SAE grades be capable of completing Sequence
engine tests?
– Sequence IIIG oil consumption, piston deposits, oxidative thickening
– Sequence IVA valve train wear
– Sequence VID fuel economy and fuel economy retention
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Product Design Changing Vis Grade Alone: Not the Complete Solution
Harmony 11
The solution is:
The right balance of base stocks and additives in uniform SAE grades.
Uniform SAE grade engine oils approved in low friction engines.
SUMMARY – Fuel Economy
• OEMS desire more fuel economy with new engines capable
of durable lubrication with lighter viscosity grade oils.
• SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Classification group is examining
new oil grades lighter than SAE 20, using 0.3 cP steps
based on high temperature, high shear viscosity properties.
• Marketers already launched “0W-10” grades covering a
broad range of viscosities. Need a SAE J300 classification
soon to minimize confusion and enable stakeholders
to develop consistent fuel economy engine oils.
• Will lighter oil grades be capable of completing Sequence
engine tests used for existing SAE grades?
12
T H A N K Y O U
Mike Brown, Ph.D.
Technical Manager
SKL Americas
908 751 5030 (USA)
