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Fuel Cells RampD Overview Dr Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos ndash Fuel Cell Technologies Office
2018 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting
June 13 ndash 15 2018
Fuel Cells Pillar of H2 amp Fuel Cell Technologies RampD
GOAL Advance fuel cell technologies for transportation stationary and
cross-cutting applications
Fuel Cells
H2 amp Fuel Cells Program Early-Stage RampD Areas
Hydrogen
Early-stage applied RampD and innovation in hydrogen andfuel cell
technologies leading to Focus
bull Energy security bull Resiliency bull Affordability bull Strong domestic economy
Making Fuel Cells our Future Today 2US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
- - - -
- - - - -
Objectives and Targets
Stationary 2025 Targets by Application
1 RampD to enable a direct hydrogen fuel Automotive cell power system for transportation
competitive with incumbent and alternative technologies on a lifecycle cost basis
Fuel Cell Cost $40kW $1000kW 2 RampD of efficient resilient and affordable fuel cell systems for $30kW $1500kW distributed power generation (primary back up CHP) Durability 5000 hrs 80000 hrs
8000 hrs 3 Enable fuel cell technology Efficiency 65 50 dagger advancements for cross-cutting 90 Dagger applications (eg APUs rail material Ultimate (Beyond 2030) For Natural Gas
For Biogashandling) dagger Electrical
Fuel Cells MYRDampD Plan httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel cell technologies office
multi year research development and 22
3US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Dagger CHP
Market-driven targets allow fuel cells to compete with incumbent and
advanced alternative technologies
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel-cell-chnologies-office-multi-year-research-development-a -
22
Challenges and Strategy
Durability and Cost are the primary challenges to fuel cell commercialization
and must be met concurrently
Early-stage materials and components RampD to achieve low-cost high-performance
fuel cell systems
te nd
Improvements in multiple components are required
to meet 2025 targets
RampD portfolio focused on PEMFCs but also includes longer-term technologies
(eg AEMFCs) amp higher temp fuel cells (eg MCFCs) for stationary applications
4US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Challenges amp Strategy
Challenges and Strategy
Early-stage RampD generates knowledge to foster significant fuel cell technology advances
BARRIERS
Cost Durability
Performance
STRATEGY
Materials components
RampD to improve durability
reduce cost and enhance
performance of fuel cells
Fuel Cell RampD
FOCUS AREAS
Stack Components
Catalysts Electrodes
Membranes MEAs and Cells
Gas diffusion media Bipolar plates
Performance and Durability
Mass transport Degradation issues
BOP Components Testing and CostTechnicalAssessments Emphasis on longer-term
high-risk research areas 5US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Pillar of H2 amp Fuel Cell Technologies RampD
GOAL Advance fuel cell technologies for transportation stationary and
cross-cutting applications
Fuel Cells
H2 amp Fuel Cells Program Early-Stage RampD Areas
Hydrogen
Early-stage applied RampD and innovation in hydrogen andfuel cell
technologies leading to Focus
bull Energy security bull Resiliency bull Affordability bull Strong domestic economy
Making Fuel Cells our Future Today 2US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
- - - -
- - - - -
Objectives and Targets
Stationary 2025 Targets by Application
1 RampD to enable a direct hydrogen fuel Automotive cell power system for transportation
competitive with incumbent and alternative technologies on a lifecycle cost basis
Fuel Cell Cost $40kW $1000kW 2 RampD of efficient resilient and affordable fuel cell systems for $30kW $1500kW distributed power generation (primary back up CHP) Durability 5000 hrs 80000 hrs
8000 hrs 3 Enable fuel cell technology Efficiency 65 50 dagger advancements for cross-cutting 90 Dagger applications (eg APUs rail material Ultimate (Beyond 2030) For Natural Gas
For Biogashandling) dagger Electrical
Fuel Cells MYRDampD Plan httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel cell technologies office
multi year research development and 22
3US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Dagger CHP
Market-driven targets allow fuel cells to compete with incumbent and
advanced alternative technologies
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel-cell-chnologies-office-multi-year-research-development-a -
22
Challenges and Strategy
Durability and Cost are the primary challenges to fuel cell commercialization
and must be met concurrently
Early-stage materials and components RampD to achieve low-cost high-performance
fuel cell systems
te nd
Improvements in multiple components are required
to meet 2025 targets
RampD portfolio focused on PEMFCs but also includes longer-term technologies
(eg AEMFCs) amp higher temp fuel cells (eg MCFCs) for stationary applications
4US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Challenges amp Strategy
Challenges and Strategy
Early-stage RampD generates knowledge to foster significant fuel cell technology advances
BARRIERS
Cost Durability
Performance
STRATEGY
Materials components
RampD to improve durability
reduce cost and enhance
performance of fuel cells
Fuel Cell RampD
FOCUS AREAS
Stack Components
Catalysts Electrodes
Membranes MEAs and Cells
Gas diffusion media Bipolar plates
Performance and Durability
Mass transport Degradation issues
BOP Components Testing and CostTechnicalAssessments Emphasis on longer-term
high-risk research areas 5US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
- - - -
- - - - -
Objectives and Targets
Stationary 2025 Targets by Application
1 RampD to enable a direct hydrogen fuel Automotive cell power system for transportation
competitive with incumbent and alternative technologies on a lifecycle cost basis
Fuel Cell Cost $40kW $1000kW 2 RampD of efficient resilient and affordable fuel cell systems for $30kW $1500kW distributed power generation (primary back up CHP) Durability 5000 hrs 80000 hrs
8000 hrs 3 Enable fuel cell technology Efficiency 65 50 dagger advancements for cross-cutting 90 Dagger applications (eg APUs rail material Ultimate (Beyond 2030) For Natural Gas
For Biogashandling) dagger Electrical
Fuel Cells MYRDampD Plan httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel cell technologies office
multi year research development and 22
3US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Dagger CHP
Market-driven targets allow fuel cells to compete with incumbent and
advanced alternative technologies
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel-cell-chnologies-office-multi-year-research-development-a -
22
Challenges and Strategy
Durability and Cost are the primary challenges to fuel cell commercialization
and must be met concurrently
Early-stage materials and components RampD to achieve low-cost high-performance
fuel cell systems
te nd
Improvements in multiple components are required
to meet 2025 targets
RampD portfolio focused on PEMFCs but also includes longer-term technologies
(eg AEMFCs) amp higher temp fuel cells (eg MCFCs) for stationary applications
4US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Challenges amp Strategy
Challenges and Strategy
Early-stage RampD generates knowledge to foster significant fuel cell technology advances
BARRIERS
Cost Durability
Performance
STRATEGY
Materials components
RampD to improve durability
reduce cost and enhance
performance of fuel cells
Fuel Cell RampD
FOCUS AREAS
Stack Components
Catalysts Electrodes
Membranes MEAs and Cells
Gas diffusion media Bipolar plates
Performance and Durability
Mass transport Degradation issues
BOP Components Testing and CostTechnicalAssessments Emphasis on longer-term
high-risk research areas 5US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsdownloadsfuel-cell-chnologies-office-multi-year-research-development-a -
22
Challenges and Strategy
Durability and Cost are the primary challenges to fuel cell commercialization
and must be met concurrently
Early-stage materials and components RampD to achieve low-cost high-performance
fuel cell systems
te nd
Improvements in multiple components are required
to meet 2025 targets
RampD portfolio focused on PEMFCs but also includes longer-term technologies
(eg AEMFCs) amp higher temp fuel cells (eg MCFCs) for stationary applications
4US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Challenges amp Strategy
Challenges and Strategy
Early-stage RampD generates knowledge to foster significant fuel cell technology advances
BARRIERS
Cost Durability
Performance
STRATEGY
Materials components
RampD to improve durability
reduce cost and enhance
performance of fuel cells
Fuel Cell RampD
FOCUS AREAS
Stack Components
Catalysts Electrodes
Membranes MEAs and Cells
Gas diffusion media Bipolar plates
Performance and Durability
Mass transport Degradation issues
BOP Components Testing and CostTechnicalAssessments Emphasis on longer-term
high-risk research areas 5US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Challenges amp Strategy
Challenges and Strategy
Early-stage RampD generates knowledge to foster significant fuel cell technology advances
BARRIERS
Cost Durability
Performance
STRATEGY
Materials components
RampD to improve durability
reduce cost and enhance
performance of fuel cells
Fuel Cell RampD
FOCUS AREAS
Stack Components
Catalysts Electrodes
Membranes MEAs and Cells
Gas diffusion media Bipolar plates
Performance and Durability
Mass transport Degradation issues
BOP Components Testing and CostTechnicalAssessments Emphasis on longer-term
high-risk research areas 5US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Strategic Analysis Guides Fuel Cell RampD Priorities
PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown
Catalyst cost is projected to be the largest single component of the PEMFC stack cost
Strategy bull Reduce or eliminate PGM
levels in catalysts bull Improve MEA performance
PGM elimination mitigates US dependence on precious metal imports
6US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Improvements
Fuel Cell Cost Status
bull $50kW for 100000 unitsyear
bull $45kW for 500000 unitsyear
bull $180kW for 1000 unitsyear
bull $230kWdagger for currently commercialized on-road technology at 1000 unitsyear 60 cost reduction in the last 10 years
SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system manufacturing cost high volume manufacturing with next-gen lab technology dagger SA Inc bottom-up analysis of model system based on commercially available FCEVs
httpswwwhydrogenenergygovpdfs17007_fuel_cell_system_cost_2017pdf 7US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Fuel Cell RampD Funding
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fund
ing
($ M
illio
ns) FY 2017 FY 2018
FY 2017 Appropriation = $320 M
FY 2018 Appropriation = $320 M
Catalysts and Electrolytes MEAs Cells and Fuel Cell Testing and FOA 2018 Electrodes Membranes Other Stack Performance and Technical
Components Durability Assessment
8US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cells Program Budget
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
Fuel Cell RampD Portfolio Funding distribution of all FOA LAB SBIRSTTR projects including number of current projects and of portfolio funding
Catalysts and
Electrodes 50Electrolytes
Membranes 7
MEAs Cells and Other
Stack Components
Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
31 Testing and Technical
Assessment 6
4
7
9
13
24
Current emphasis is on early stage applied RampD in the key areas of fuel cell components and materials including catalysts and membranes as well as fuel cell performance and durability
9US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
ElectroCat (Electrocatalysis Consortium)
Goal Objectives
Accelerate the deployment of fuel cell systems by replacing platinum-based catalysts with platinum
group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts
Accomplishments and Next Steps Core Lab Team
High-throughput materials Design and synthesis of discovery characterization PGM-free catalysts and
and testing electrodes modeling wwwelectrocatorg
bull Streamline access to unique PGM-free catalyst synthesis and characterization tools across national labs
bull Develop missing strategic capabilities bull Curate a public database of information
bull Updated capability set bull Demonstrated significant progress in (a)
catalyst development (b) active-site characterization and (c) high-throughput PGM-free catalyst modeling and synthesis
bull Partnered with 4 newly awarded FOA projects
bull Add partners through FY18 FOA
10 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Current density (mAcm2)
00 02 04 06 08 10
Volta
ge (V
)
05
06
07
08
09
10
measurediR-corrected
H2 10 bar O2 10 bar
21 mA cm 2
Accomplishment PGM-Free Mass Activity
-
Demonstrated MEA performance of 21 mAcm2 at 09 VIR-free with H2O2 a 30 improvement over 2016 baseline
Cyanamide (CM)-polyaniline (PANI) precursors for Fe-N-C catalyst Zn removed during pyrolysis as pore-forming agent
Anode 03 mgPt cm-2 PtC H2 200 sccm 10 bar H2 partial pressure Cathode ca 48 mg cm-2 O2
200 sccm 10 bar air partial pressure Membrane Nafion211 Cell 5 cm2 80degC
11 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment High-Throughput (HT) Synthesis amp Characterization
HT materials with potentially gt 5times ORR activity of baseline compositions identified in HT hydrodynamic screening
12 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
(b)
1 nm
of Active Sites Nano-Structure Catalysts
ElectroCat FOA Projects Added in 2017
Carnegie Mellon University Giner Inc Advanced PGM-free Cathode Engineering Durable Mn-based PGM-Free Catalysts for for High Power Density and Durability
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Greenway LLC Highly Active and Durable PGM-free ORR
PGM-free Engineered Framework Electrocatalysts through the Synergy
13 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low Pt-loading alloy catalysts
PtCoHSC-f exceeds 8 kWgPGM target while demonstrating durable performance at high current density
Equivalent performance to current on-road technology with 5x less Pt
Volt
age
at 2
Ac
m2
(V) 07
06
05
04
03
PtCo
KB
PtCo
HSC
-c
PtCo
V
PtCo
HSC
-e
PtCo
HSC
-en
PtCo
HSC
-f P
t)
(00
6
Porous Solid Accessible-Porous Optimized for kinetic amp transport
Have yet to meet performance and durability targets concurrently ACS Energy Lett (2018) 3 618 A Kongkanand et al GM
14 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Consortium to Advance Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Part of
FC-PAD Fuel Cell Performance and Durability
Approach Objectives
Couple national lab capabilities with funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) for an influx of innovative ideas and research
bull Improve component stability and durability bull Improve cell performance with optimized
transport bull Develop new diagnostics characterization
tools and models
Consortium fosters sustained capabilities and collaborations
Structured across six component and cross-cutting thrusts
Core Consortium Team
Prime Partners
Expands the body of knowledge Example JES Focus Issue on PEMFC Durability
wwwfcpadorg 15 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Novel catalyst layer architectures Improved catalyst conditioning
Conditioning protocol developed Mesostructured electrodes with demonstrating up to 2-3x difference vertically aligned ionomer channels in mass activity between initial and allow use of 50 less ionomer for H+
peak im for several commercial Pt transport and PtCo catalysts
Nanowire
Array
16 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
FC-PAD Accomplishments
Part of
Accomplishments FC-PAD
Characterization tools used to build catalyst layer microstructuralmodel
Secondary pore structure nano-CT
Allows for unprecedented Resulting
microstructure comprehensive view C particle size TEM and USAXS of catalyst layer
micro- and nanostructure including heterogeneities Pt particle size TEM and USAXS across scales
1 μm
17 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Low-PGM Electrospun Catalyst Layers
Electrospun catalyst layers using PtCo catalyst with carrier ionomer improve low humidity performance bull gt3x compared to project spray
coating baseline at 40 RH
bull Max power exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 01 mgPtcm2 cathode loading
MEA details 80oC 200 kPa (abs) Cathode 01 mgPtcm2
Anode 01 mgPtcm2 (Espun) J-M 04 mgPtcm2 (Spray) Membrane NR 211 GDL SGL 29 BC
100 RH 40 RH
Sample Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
Max Power (mWcm2)
Power at 065 V
(mWcm2)
HFR (mΩ-cm2)
PtCo Spray 652 544 70 315 85 208 Gen-1 PtCo Espun 759 661 76 590 250 219 Gen-2 PtCo Espun 1132 998 56 967 488 120
P Pintauro et al Vanderbilt 18 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
08
Accomplishment Intermediate Temperature Fuel CellMembranes bull Peak power density exceeds 1100 mWcm2 at 180degC (H2O2) bull gt 20 times better water tolerance than established PBI system to
allow low-T operation 12 10
No humidification
140 oC 220 oC 180 oC
00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
10
Pow
er D
ensi
ty (W
cm
2 )
Cell
Volta
ge (V
)
08 06
06
04 04
02 02
00 MEA details H2O2 285 kPa abs membrane PA-XL-BPN ionomer PA-QAPS
Current density (Acm2) Pt loading 06 mgcm2 for both electrodes
measured at PH2O = 199 kPa 80oC Y S Kim et al LANL 19 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
00
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishment Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
bull Close to 2x increase in anode specific activity compared to methanol
bull Ten-fold decrease in crossover as compared to methanol
Key Performance Indicator this period Current DMFC Status
DDMEFC Target
DDMEFC
Total precious metal loading 5 mgPGMcm2 45 mgPGMcm2 3 mgPGMcm2
Anode mass-specific activity 50 Ag measured at 05 V()
938 Ag measured at 05 V (PtRu)
75 Ag measured at 05 V
Maximum Power 160 mWcm2 135 mWcm2 () 270 mWcm2
Crossover 60-120 mAcm2 () 6 mAcm2 lt DMFC
() By comparison LT direct DME FC obtained 25 Ag measured at 05 V with PtRu () 60 mAcm2 with 05 M MeOH 80 oC Nafionreg 117 120 mAcm2 with 10M MeOH () 223mgcm2 PtRu anode 23mgcm2 Pt-alloy cathode E De Castro et al Advent
20 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Reversible Fuel Cells (RFCs)
Research Priorities Include bull Bifunctional catalysts bull Advanced membranes bull Electrode optimization including
effective water management bull Corrosion protection schemes
Viability and cost-competitiveness of RFCs require foundational RampD to improve roundtrip efficiency and meet long-term targets less than $1250kW
capital cost and cycle life of 5000 cycles
httpswwwenergygovsitesprodfiles201703f34quadrennial-technology-review-2015_1pdf (Chapter 3 Table 3C2)
RampD to focus on innovative concepts for reversible fuel cells to provide easily dispatchable power and flexibility to address resiliency and gridmicrogrid needs
21 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Current Activities
bull Applied Early-Stage RampD addresses cost reduction performance and durability enhancement of materials and stack components including catalysts and membranes
bull ElectroCat coordinates with newly awarded FOA projects to expedite the development of PGM-free catalysts and electrodes
bull FC-PAD including industryuniversity partners continues to expand the knowledge base to advance fuel cell performance and durability
22 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Summary of Upcoming Activities amp Milestones
bull Fuel cells to enable energy storage and resiliency
bull Innovative RampD projects through FY18 FOA and FY19 Lab Call
bull Lab-led membrane RampD project working group to coordinate efforts and leverage activities with other agencies
bull Technical milestones - Demonstrate 25 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2018) - Demonstrate 29 mA cm-2 at 09 V (iR-corrected) in an H2-O2 fuel
cell (4Q 2019)
Under lsquoBeyond Batteriesrsquo crosscut effort (FY 2019 Budget Request)
23 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Collaborations
Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Program
EnergyMaterials Network
INDUSTRY US DRIVE Partnership
Fuel Cell Tech Team
Technology Validation
National Collaborations (inter- and intra-agency efforts) DOTFTA
Fuel Cell Buses
DOD
DODDO E MOU
DOTFRA
H2FC-Rail
DOE - FE
SOFC Program
DOE - BES
Catalysts and Membranes
DOE ndash ARPA-E
IONICSamp INTEGRATE
NSF
ElectroCat
DOCNIST
Neutron Imaging
Applied RampD is coordinated among a range of organizations
24 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Fuel Cell Program Contacts
Dimitrios PapageorgopoulosFuel Cells Program Manager
202-586-5463 dimitriospapageorgopouloseedoegov
Nancy Garland 202-586-5673
nancygarlandeedoegov
Donna Lee Ho 202-586-8000
donnahoeedoegov
Adria Wilson 202-586-5782
adriawilsoneedoegov
David Peterson 720-356-1747
davidpetersoneedoegov
Greg Kleen 720-356-1672
gregkleeneedoegov
httpenergygoveerefuelcellsfuel-cell-technologies-office
Simon Thompson (Fellow) 202-586-1758
simonthompsoneedoegov
Dan Bertelleti (Allegheny Science amp Technology)
Eric Parker (Keylogic Systems)
John Kopasz (Argonne National Laboratory)
25 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Questions
26 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Back Up Slides
27 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
RampD Benefits Various Fuel Cell Market Sectors
28 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Potential Cost Reduction Pathway
Potential Cost Reduction Strategy
PGM-free catalysts and advancements in key components are key research goals for meeting DOErsquos ultimate $30kW target
29 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
0
1
Accomplishments ElectroCat Four-fold H2 -air performance increase
for ZIF-derived catalyst Molecular probe for quantifying
active sites
HFR
( c
m 2 )
00
02
04
06
8
0
2017 AMR September 2017 April 2018
Current density (A cm-2)
000 002 004 006 008 010
Vol
tage
(V)
08
09
bull ORR activity of
MP
+ nH++ neminus rarr+ MP + MP + H2O rarr
10
Active site identification and high-throughput catalyst discovery
08
intermediate Fe-
Vol
tage
(V)
06 content catalyst correlates with FeN404
bull ZIF-based Fe-N-C catalyst with no Fe-rich nanoparticles detected
bull Fe present in N-coordinated FeNx sites bull H2-air fuel cell performance at 080 V from 9 mA
cm-2 to 36 mA cm-2 since 2017 AMR
bull NO adsorbs on surface Fe sites from a nitrite solution bull Count surface Fe sites by reductive stripping scan bull Developed library of adsorption energy of
probespoisons to Fe-Nx site structures hosted in graphene and zig-zag (ZZ) edges
Molecular probe (MP) poisoning Reductive MP stripping
content
02 bull Catalyst identified with 5X ORR activity versus baseline 00
00 02 04 06 08 10 composition Current density (A cm-2)
30 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Accomplishments HT Synthesis amp Characterization Molecular probe for quantifying active
sites Potential dependence of ORR kinetics
ORR kinetics in MEA correlated with potential dependence of active site availability
bull Fe sites counted by reductive stripping scan to remove NOads
3x1012 sitescmsup2 (05 site per surface Fe atom)
bull Developed library of probes adsorption energy on Fe-Nx sites in bulk graphene and at edges
OH
Probe
31 US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY amp RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE