Fuel Cell Trains seen from the perspective of Air Liquide · 27/06/2017 P. de Raphelis – H2 Energy Business Development Hydrail1 Conference 2017 • I AIR LIQUIDE, THE WORLD LEADER

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27/06/2017 P. de Raphelis – H2 Energy Business Development Hydrail Conference 2017

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AIR LIQUIDE, THE WORLD LEADER IN GASES, TECHNOLOGIES AND SERVICES FOR INDUSTRY AND HEALTH I

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Fuel Cell Trains seen from the perspective of Air Liquide Hydrail Conference, Graz, 2017

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Agenda

1. AL Perspective on Hydrogen Energy globally

2. AL involvement in the development of Fuel Cell Train

3. Hydrogen Supply

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1 AL perspective on H2E

A global view

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Our ambition: leadership in H2 Mobility

• Lead activation of H2 Energy Markets

in particular H2 Mobility

• Be Major Mobility player

Maintain leadership across the full value chain

from H2 production to delivery at the pump

TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT CUSTOMER

EXPERIENCE

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Technology leveraged across the value chain

Efficient

Sustainable

Safe

Reliable

Competitive

Technology

covering the whole

Hydrogen Energy

value chain

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Everything we do leads to CO2- free H2 mobility

50% of H2 energy from carbon-free processes by 2020

Achieving “Blue H2” 1. Natural gas reforming + CCS

2. Water electrolysis (renewable, nuclear)

3. Biomass gasification

4. Biogas reforming

A commitment to meet

both environmental requirements

and economic constraints

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2015 → 2017: Building up scale all over the world!

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US / California – the ZEV effect

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100

2015 2020

18,000

2016 2017

1,200

5,000

H2 stations:

13

2015

49

2017

FCEV’s:

Anaheim H2 station

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US - Conquering the Northeast

New York Hartford, CT

Connecticut Braintree, MA Mansfield, MA

Massachusetts New Jersey Site location TBA

Bronx, NY Hempstead, NY Brooklyn, NY

Rhode Island Site location TBA

NY Q4 2017

CT Q3 2017

MA Q4 2017

Network of 12 Stations

Start-up over Q3-Q4 2017

Dedicated H2 supply chain by

Project in collaboration with

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Germany – H2 Mobility: Deploying at full speed!

Air Liquide, Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell and

Total have agreed an action plan for the

construction of a Hydrogen station network in

Germany

• 400 Hydrogen Stations by 2023 (100

by 2017)

• 350m € investment

• Max. 90 km distance between each

station on motorways

• 10 Hydrogen Stations in each

metropolitan area

Photo station

Offenbach

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Japan: Largest H2 station infrastructure in the world

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Nagoya Atsuta

H2 stations:

40

2015

92

2017

200

2015 2020

40 000

2016 2017

1 500

3 000

FCEV’s:

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France: Innovative business models for clean mobility

Launched in Dec. 2015, during

COP 21

An emission-

free Paris

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2016 2020

600

2017

HYPE Taxi Fleet Project - Paris

Air Liquide

Key Enabler

of the project

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FCEV taxi fleet

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2016

2015

Korsor

Kolding

HyBalance: green hydrogen

source planned for Q4 2017

DHF HRS Opened in 2015

Denmark – A nationwide H2 network powered by wind

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http://www.andlil.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/logo-Air-Liquide.jpg

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FC Buses: EU and China showing the way

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40

2015 2020

1 000

2017

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FC Buses in EU:

Next stops:

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January 17, 2017 – Davos – Launching of the Hydrogen Council

13 Companies and their CEO’s joining forces to voice the vision and the ambitions of the Hydrogen industry Hydrogen acknowledged as a key solution to empower the energy transition

A further lever to accelerate

H2 infrastructure & FCEV deployments!

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Main H2 assets to date

Japan network

2014-2017

6 HRS

US NE Network

2015

12 HRS + Supply chain

California Network

2014-2017

5 HRS

Forklift projects (US+EU)

2013-2017

9 sites

HYPE

2015-2017

3 HRS

CHN + Hybalance

2014-2015

5 HRS + 1 Electrolyzer / Fillingl

Dubai HRS

2016

1 HRS

H2 Mobility Germany

2014

27% of 100 HRS

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GLOBALLY

32 HRS for FCEV (controlled by AL)

27% of a network of 100 HRS for FCEV

9 HRS for Forklifts

H2 Supply chain in the US and Denmark

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2 AL involvement in H2 Train development

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Alstom and the original 4 German Länder

● 50 Trains LOI @ Innotrans 2014

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Context for Fuel Cell train deployment

Lack of electrification of regional lines in Germany

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Train requirements drive the design of the H2 Fuelling Station

Max. daily H2 quantity ?

Design parameters of H2 Station

H2 Source has to be ultra-reliable (multiple sources, back-up)

Redundancy of « active parts » in H2 Station

Train requirements

Availability of Trains and H2 is essential over the lifetime of the assets (25-30 yrs)

Size of H2 compressors

Specific H2 quality management plan and analysis

Size and Amount of High Pressure storage, cooling system ?

Refuelling time has to be short (max. 15min)

Fuel Cell requires ultra-pure H2

Conventional H2 or Green H2 ? Political will for CO2 reduction ?

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Possible design of a Hydrogen Station for FC Trains

Back-up H2 Sourcing

COMPRESSORS

Pin/Pout → 15/450 b

2 x 100% Redundancy

Station

DISPENSERS

2x Dispensers

Trailers

MP STORAGE H2 Conditioning

Trailer Filling

H2 Production

TRAILERS

Storage @ 450 B

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FILLING

STORAGE

COMPRESSION

Process Flow & Instrumentation Drawings

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3 Hydrogen Supply

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BACK-UP SOURCING

COMPRESSORS

Station

DISPENSERS

2x Dispensers

Trailer backup

MP STORAGE

Storage @ 450 B

Pipeline supply

H2 Conditioning

Pin/Pout → 15/450 b

2 x 100% Redundancy

Pipeline connection offers highest H2 supply reliability

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Pipeline network in Germany – the one in BNL is even larger !

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Onsite electrolysis and / or trucked-in solution

● AL Experience: Onsite electrolysis solutions are generally favoured by the PTA. But… up to which additional cost ? Cost is not the only criteria…

Onsite electrolysis – food for thoughts

● A way to store abundant intermittent electricity

● Electricity price is obviously crucial – any taxes?

● But load factor of electrolysis also…

● But then… what about redundancy of electrolysis ?

● Is there another back-up source? Do I need to « reserve » it ? What about trailers ? Etc.

● Other aspects: footprint, permitting process, etc.

Supply by trailers – food for thoughts

● Identification of the H2 Source (Filling Centre)

● Large H2 volumes: is capacity durably available?

● Is the H2 quality compliant ?

● Level of compression (200 / 300 bar ?) and distance to the HRS define the # trailers required

AL Conclusion

● Case by case approach is required => Early in the project phase, need to perform « ballpark calculations » of the different solutions and ask PTA for guidance/validation of 1 solution

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HIGH CAPACITY TRAILER → 1 ton & 300bar

Hydrogen Filling Centre – what does it look like ?

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Severe Hydrogen Quality requirements for Fuel Cells

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Conventional or « green H2 » ?

● It’s a political question which can be asked in different ways

– Easiest way: consider that conventional H2 is already providing CO2 reduction compared with Diesel

● If the PTA wants to go even further…

– Put a price tag to CO2 emissions -> need to define CO2 intensity of conventional H2

– Simply impose a % of « green H2 » -> need to define clearly what is « green H2 »

● These constraints lead to additional costs -> need to make sure that the overall solution remains affordable.

● Need early alignment with PTA to validate interest of « green H2 »

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Thank you for your attention ! Hydrail Conference, Graz, 2017 Further information: [email protected]

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H2 SOURCE

MP STORAGE

COMPRESSOR

DISPENSER VEHICLE

STOCRAGE

HRS – How it works

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1. Equilibrage – source & vehicle

H2 SOURCE

MP STORAGE

COMPRESSOR

DISPENSER VEHICLE

STORAGE


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H2 SOURCE

MP STORAGE

COMPRESSOR

DISPENSER VEHICLE

STORAGE


1. Balancing – source & vehicle 2. Balancing – HP Storage & vehicle

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H2 SOURCE

MP STORAGE

COMPRESSOR

DISPENSER VEHICLE

STORAGE

1. Balancing – source & vehicle

2. Balancing – HP Storage & vehicle

3. Re-pressurization of HP storage


Documents

Fuel Cell Trains seen from the perspective of Air Liquide · 27/06/2017 P. de Raphelis – H2 Energy Business Development Hydrail1 Conference 2017 • I AIR LIQUIDE, THE WORLD LEADER