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ft n * A JOUCiM. a? ILIJ.POGRATIO' i . • i—. aT |.^m „ riSCTlSSIOT.l ib e r a t io n -
!io. 1 . tctncg y 125h
£ H T j g a :j L J L .S £ - S ® a » ' .
vitlwufc la — *flStr-ory 'itiun.it ■prt-ctioc is ntcriiD" •
IhD f i r * i*r ? & ? f S f ^ S S T , 2a tiiie of p r o f v . o r l i ^ ^ n i o . peeler uicn In khctictfc inn 's?**- * • » * • ,r.-.to_^f ncioatliio ..l-o cgr ho- iaona VAi»iloe<ly oap:vicd.« , hr? S o u o ja lc r^stcna knvo
< ^u c n ta over naturo.
The overwhelming.majority of " V ' ^ ^ v ^ ^ t ^ t h r blJrd i^rindi ^ v c r ty , iqwrrmoe ^ r i * *
r:id toc^ntroUaUo i^scr o of^.ri0ru the wr-itc-n «r/0fl0B of
s & a s u r S ” *« ** t i « , « £ * j [ s a s a w s s s & . s ” '
conflicts between l..oour *-ra- • — * —- elainlv thot:ici* TicstiiaistrtMDen r i v a l « f t l IX Md sS c id iw . • r ^ i f tc e m t o l o c t ^ M lJ g ia X J L u ^ ilt £ lT « *
.-,.1 - t i n t e d t a n .
of ft >cial organisation*
I . rr r t o * S £ % t L
■ fcwt t ioac t e n M A * -jmJ y-tnril t'-iTriWi lutoreontlnKitJ.
c:.;^ni3 V';r *a .?X'L"n- ^t 'a n'-Vi htui wrc -ted from iv.truf© Wi3-1 war i:i ’/.'ioh tho a c c r c t a t j r o u l i ' f i i eueMcVtsmtatO —id be -iflcd to do a troy -* A .„,i. 'itor'iati'Vo wkich tho
K f , r . * £ -v p U . of tt» » < * U . «o u u *
win Tk't’Oc or ooriah.*
. * » » ♦ *»«» 1.011 for ! £ [ ? , & £ « *world .ultnaut oxonrtioa^Aw. -ty ia f ! : . to -no loncer w>*ely a norr-l. or solmtrfio t.u-aia
. _ 4,., rt!.ur“d'Ba or debated in tao lo<Jt‘EPG Jfcon,i l r S ^ *int crdcpondoaco of mankind has t*cor* a
oentral and vital fact cf modern lifo*
Jlowhere is thic ucvolo-nment more otrihingly confirmed Mowaere is ^ _ 0} d goni-isolatioa is vaniahine lito
tnan in - f ^ a , '* T ^ o l ^ i i c d 11 Council of I.uroue" finds
lta a- u bond In ts.. clr.bor.vtlor. ot plana for the
retention of ceoroBic c M .trotozlesl territor_es. roar,urcos and roople. The unite£
^ t o ' . o f S o n c „ L n » ,.TO,.tcr W *1»be nanufftcturcd with uraniuii from the Co..go, the *una, x. o 0 ? a S S ? r e c Stata. The "K ine ‘ s Africar Hiflos* or . '»°nt frnm scn m to hunt guerillas in tho jungle. of Malaya* a..d i’-ilrn oondo you.v’ Eurorjeani to drop hhpaln bomba o:i * ° r°£n ▼ i & S r And in nortn-wcst Africa, vast a ir , ;»val and pjratv b&aea fjc boin^ confltmctod by ^jncnoa for the pro j.ctcd"invasion of tho socialist atr.tos of eaatora Europe,
’ut the* days 'J J pact whcn the fato of Africa could bo docidod ir. .uro*-o or A f r ic a without refornng to tho ajn . and airoirationfl of tho pocnle ia -^ric- it 3olf , rho cnall l v ' k t idoia of froud. n and nf.tienr.1 indcpenacnco that h- e -’we it thi-oiv;> Aaia have triocn dc;ot» root in this continent of S S £ I’ron Cairo tc tho Cape, fron * « t to Wojt
<v - * 0 doaend that her twoulea anall t.Jce tncir p -rt i n ' l i ’ v o k d cor.aBU.nit7 not .a decadents , irferiors or pawns ia tho dji-rloiv .tic same, but as equals ^nd. *ull nartuers. k ‘ ~ ' n a pnd Malan arc living in tho -ast when they soeh to dr<v- a bargain with Churchill for tnc aalo of %'yaaaland or Bocnr-ialr : the-' arc roofconinr without thu peonln, not M J y V l i w I m d and tho -Protectorates" hut also o*
ffiiodesia and the Union.
,c.v r oc-'cro 'mx b tliCi'o boon such a powerful and vidc- s read (’.i! ...ni fcr fro odor, and oqvhlifer for :*frica. aa orcista t e d . ' c ; : » r c 3 Bcd in movc:x;nt3 for national liberation, a-c ;int "I odor at ion-, for aolf-govirntfcnt, aau against col- o-iif.i rtt?c. In the Unior, this :no7oi*.kt h a >.ottnd it- &.o«t iir' M't:u:t reflection in th allir.nco of tho African and I ilian Cor^roc^oc for t.tc dcfiar.co c. jrnaifjri,
ic , Howcvc r . not niifxlclont to bo dctoiViincd tT>cn ohenre. to be a-varo of the. iupocaibility of t,~ old order, to bo brave cjid rerdy to sacrifico for the iutur- of the poonle.
l.'it * • « i OsJ0 ,■>«,! ir1 Qc the
J’ Vitos :r\ lV -•:• • ■ „ ;r thC ^ X
- t .r o ,t . - o. • . .i * * *c r r .ta o f ^ ^ P l e s .
0c* ^ r j c, caitSLf-v-dos or
- ^ s c i c - i ^ 1
iwm wi "inwrin ~in n irintinhiii"m uni* .je«*»... . .a ,, i . »
GjJH - V.AHFVJC — A _ Perycrjj_ion_ _ c.f^ Science.
by A^SC'JLAPlUC
An ir.t ra-ti•" xJL tei.r. of scientists find law ^rs who wont r aently to Chine .and Korea found what they considered to be
rule '-roof t.nt th A .rricais iird boon cng&Cinff in gora war- f -re ngainst the civilian pooulation of those countries. The A fr ic a n s ’ . vc dcuod the accusation, but have refused to sign tho undertaking already signed by .all other nations excy.it Jane not to nr.tr use of this method of warfare, Tliey have admitted t at thoy arc conducting research into gcrr. warfare.: von if the;- avr net yot actually used this method, t’xorefore they stand clearly identified wit a it in the eyo3 of the world
T ’c reasoa v!iy g em warfare ha3 been renounced by all riatio.no except Ariorica in, firstly , tivat it io a ooaroletely indi3cri~i:iat> , uncoatroliable Method of waging war. 6onr.s cannot jc tr. aod to attack soldiers anti leave civilians un- ’laried. On t>.o aoatrary, r. ccr.i at tr. o : would neat severely affect c:’il4rcii, old o c ^ lc and those wao are alre;uiy in bad health, 'o tor savage and cowardly iaet od of attack could be i.oagincd.
Anot .er r^aaxm why gora warfare revolts tho conscience cf uanki.ul io t at it cynically abvxes oocio of the most valued discoveries of science — discoveries which have contributed nerhAns more t.ian any other to th w 11-being of aanldnd. In the r>o.3t, eaai new 3tec forward it the ocior.co of bacteriology has been a stop towards fcuaan happiness. Uow each of thoso discovarico is be in*.; .Monstrously perverted to a now forra of barbarism.
The diue^very by Pasteur and Liatcr of tho rale olayed by gerus in causing diseaoo and infection nay be regarded as tie beginning of modern medicine. It was thi3 discovery which changed surgery from a deeooratc and perilous last'ro- sort to a safe, ocientific procane. This discovery, too, * roadc it r.o3riblo to tacVzle the causes of d i 3oaso instead of norely the syvptooa. Now this discovory has become tho basis of a despicp.blc fern of warfare.
The discovery of tho existence of goras wan, of oouroo.
• .T- ------ j g H
rJ
\ly t'w f ’ rBt at<v>, Mhc nr rt sIhyt w.« tho discovery by rc*\ that ;;or.'R cr M Ik.- c I t . t .1 in t c labcrat ry. ?his n imortar.t for *he struly ef , ;;'r\? ir.thoda of combating
nd : :.3 o f r t.:<* • *oducti« ( . vnocinos, imt todr.y 'o r r Kotiiod -s .is. i to u’Oii.tce t.w; ,-*or:is required for tho
: as-;acre of dofenc 'l<.ss ci-'ilieas.
'hie n ::t i: r-a-.rtant -v’v r.cr. was t discovery of choaionl 3 ibst -ico3 v/hic.: h l.\ ■;cv..j. iki-'v; tl •. subst ".ecs arc the H- If., • dr\;s, pcr/.cillin a;id -?1 t. of', r 3'ibstancos \f: ich U i dose ”r wueh for f rcliei cf hn .• acu. sufforiM > Ond Right thin:. t*.«.3 discove r ., at le-vst, t » be ti'-fe *v;ainst uis- .i3i by tile oncr.rlos of :iankivd , Jnforturu fccly, it io not.Cun .if tho eff» eta of the c-;:'.ti'rual v.so cf gBriu-ki 11 ing dru^s in to produce toug'-> r germs — gcr :.c which require larger d-ses rf tho drugs tc <111 the ■. and oven germs which arc entirely limine. ’-.in ore-sent3 a difficult probiea to uodical researe.i, rtut the scientist's difficulty i 3 tho criminals c nportunity. By carcful rre-amtory work with tho
•life-saving dru;;s, the criminals pjo -•tie to t>roduso geru3 v.MCh will racist tToatee it with those drugs.
W h a t i s t h e o m j L a j i e t i o n c f t h i s h o r r i f y i n g ' x j n r o r s i o n o f
g r e a t s s l o n t i f . c d i s c o v e r - e g ? N v a n d t h e n ' v e f i a d c o n - *
s e i e n c e - s t r i c h o r . A . / . c r i < v - . 3 c r Z n g l i s h n c n s u g g e s t i n g t h a t p e r -
■ . - ' 3 s c i c . c >j i c f u r . i o r . K . - . t a l l y a b a d t i i u g , A c o a l l e d b y t h e
e r ' \ ; . c 3 e o m i t t e d b y s c i e n t i s t s , t h e y b e g i n t o w o r . d o r w h e t h e r
t h e r o i x s d y i s n e t t o c ? . . l l a h a l t t o s c i e n t i f i c d e v e l o p m e n t .
These "co;:>le do act uaderstand that ecienoe is re rely a . ot od, ar last rune at which society uses to pursue, its chosen e ids. In r society whose outlook and ni^s are pervorted, a s ciuty Wj'. .ch r.oods warfare and armnruts to leocp itsolf from col’ a--so, 3cian.ec will to c >j»» an inatrur.ieht of torror and do at.:, Ir. a ho.-1 thy and f or. aard-l ooki ng society, science can do cr.ly rood, 11’o scientist is not fr>-c to choose what sort of work >e do, Jin ;rust do tho work which the eoiiiiu-uityror/'-rca to b- 1 x-, otlwrwisa lie will stai’v^, Tho abolition of 1rac‘ sav* -nr,' as gor warfare can, tJiore'-.ro, only o o m o
about t'irfj,;h tho abolition of the forces which aim -Iriving t '•wia*ds wi-r. If tho re 3"Ip of the world m»-» it sufficiently o'. • x V at the :.-avc no -zso far this ki d of bartnriaw, it w ill be withiin t < .r powqr to put u ate-'’ to it.
. r. . h
m ~ W
South African wr:.t-;rs, lilao South African ■politicians and ccosic'. sts, aay bo divided into two claaacs: those who live in t j'.o world of reality and those who live in a dr can of "White South A fr ic a ". A lar^e nur.be r of white South Africans believe that there is in South AfriOC a nation consisting o cluaivelj of white w r . T.iia nation is in no way connected w it : anyone of a different colour* 3ave th t there tjfo sone black ix » who fern oart of the hostile environment in which the nation has to livo. This attitude of nind has rroduocd the T>olitici^riB who prate cf "the native probing", tnn cconducts who divide by 2*000*000 vhen calculating South A frica ’ s national inccno ^_r head cf nouulatioa* and the writcr3 for vhoui non-viuropcuns trn not living cnaractcrs but ncroly ^ o jc c.' rouiid sourcc cf "local oolc’jr".
Both r e l i s h and Afrikaans writers arc to be found in t' ia caterery, though the approach of the two ia slightly different. Lowir oowdcn, writing in "i’reic" (Sept. 1 95 °>i nloaded for Zouth African writing entirely divorced from the colour isr>ue, rn the grounds that "neople in South Africa, whit-- people at f<ny rate, can and mostly do live livco not m ch different from tho9e lived by p ecde in Suro-oe and A erica.-* fir. Sowdon apparently snca South Africa a3 an . ccuatr;* rays ter ie*<isly transported to the Southern*;< Uir.vhcre. Writing basod on this assumtion abound* in tljc col’V-r.a of "I'he Outav *i", but nothing; worthy of aoriajjs discussion -na been traduced hy this school.
'rilr-ano vrifcera dc not generally -~o as far as Mr. Sowden in ir lorin/; fro oxiatonco cf racial rroblens. They see their tc-h: aa V <s . scr! jtior. of t c Afrikaner’ s struggles in an on- vlr . vu'nt c* na'.ati.v; of v ;ld, animals* krvffira and T5neli3hnc:u ’Jon- ir oca-, c ^aractoro a > x>ar in their books in conventional, 3teref t.n>ed for.'.3 , 3orietir.os theao chnractcra are svnoa- thctic — t.ie faithful Hc d bc.vc" who forra nnrt of tno fum i- t*>iro in the idyllic rural sotting in wliich Afrikaans ’Writer3 are 30 foal of starting their stcrlec, xhus C.!I. van dor Hoover* in *So:icr", introduces none conic coloured labourers to help crcr>tc bucolic atsiosphere* More often they arc un~ nyripaVhetic - eitncr bloodthirsty tribesmen or insolent, wa.-,niied" towr. 'wcll.'rs* When van dor Ilccvcr* in "Droo/jtoB, waiite a syribcl to opitoaise the downf; 11 of the Afrllaaans fatdly who are driven fro*, tlieir pastcrrd. paradise to tiic alien cit^ca', ho fi.id3 it in the :£xtivc ta>:i by which his hero
- 7 -
i 3 run over at the or/.’, of the book, With one or t>rc> o:ccr:p- tiona, thin sort of a lproach to tuo nor.-Onropoan is nt^-dard a'tong Afr*.'=aan9 vr tors. ?hc txotoconiats of their gtorit e itro Afrikaners, .M l other kind.3 of non rrc part cf tiio see nor ,
No worthy South African literature can cone fror. t!u' authors w .oso starting >cint in a l ie , White South Afriotv i 3 a s^rth; the only roa.1ity is b 1 ac c-a. .d~ i t e South xfrica . The heed to face this reality is gradually becoking r.oro uido- ly recognised anong 'writers , and books v/hich try to dr:<il with
i South Africa.'. *>ociety aa a whole aro boco. ling r.oro co Lion.
'Jot all of theao books aro of aqual vr.lup, It ia noto \sy to write about the whole of South Africa's pooolc, bo-
• e-iso there is a wnolo structure of racial tx-rriora calcuiatod to rrever.t white rxDr. froti gettir.g to know black ami and black con froM getting to know white ir.cn, Thus the writer, be he v/.'i13 or blac’:, inevitably finds hinanlf at a disadvantage in daa?.ing with one or ot.icr section of his follow nen. Many writers have sought the easy way out of this difficulty . The ras" way is to write sor.o violor.t and bisarro story, nroferably
: in a historical setting, which onabloa the writer to circuit iso tho colour “irobTen crudely without trying to probe the overy- day realities of i t . Ilia cage nation is the favour! to tonic of
• this ki»d of writer. It is a “daring" to p ic :, ti>o writer _ _ w 'o tackles it c m boast that he io facing reality unflinch-"
• irv;ly, It ic a topic lorded with r^ady rtde tension a:id tragodty: the I'crest r.evico Bhould be a ole to oroduee a tear or tuo with it . Yet it can ofton bccono nothing but a naak behind which the reality of racial problone is ovaded, Miscegenation i 3 not a r.vi.;or phonor.enoh of South African Society, It is not c factor which enters i: to tho life jf th^ average South A iricai, ‘Jo do not nocj33.»rily feel cva*3elvca involved in a etor/ of niscegenatiou, end it may siiraly t tivate ourr: .ce-consclousnesr without seriously questioning tho validity ef racialist attitudes,
The real future of South African l£tor.*.t*To lies uith t oco writers uho k w e tried to treat South African society aa a whole by uriting of t'ie everyday raaliiios o; Sovith AfrioMi ’.ifc , !fj»rc .arc not iiany of W xto Por-: i.)L t :u two r-pet ro: i:u_nt aro Peter A'DWWiuMfc and j.lan Patou.
Peter Abrah. r.3 V .c been gra^piin" *.rith rr-cia?. probloua
e v e r / , , . , . . .
- 8 -
over .taej, m r « ^ .
J g t g J T t t J % X . « n o y rlt ,r .
» . » wore<., t'-r ,rr:no tat 10 ' of th iJ.ne.T2X d ^ r w . j ,
t lr^uropoa:-." cirract rr w?rc neat •ur.nntural and t »cro was fO.:o*st Ilf att- r~»t to fit t v two s«. to of characters into a
8 . f-olo pl C t .
nu v-. p *,• 3 air. ;s. fallurv in its present a-, ion cf p ^ V r-Picri a- t ir rc V t io n s h i 's with noa^duro- S S E ♦» lA».rt *->rte>, - ••m O a «s »»t * andn ■• , p^th of T’vi dor" \v:V3 '. larger ocanure of 3ucces-.
Id OowiSoa^ i” a h .n t r.cni novel, dealing with the period ^ n V i S S l blach Sovf A .-rich wore still to sctc extent _ nvatcj T ''r>roble: 3 vrc litei by t is period aro a ftrcat Z 1 i l l l i>xtr-'.ctc.blo tlr.:. * .-.sc -rosontcd Vy contoraporary So uthA fricr . ' ’-'ho cla'ah of tho two pastoral societies of the
oonfrsry was - 3i:-..lo r.roooss conparcd with tho con-
g S S E ? r f tjter . Hr. O m m »
£ ? S £ “ tj thoh o l d of historical f lcti-.i, he endows -rc.'c cf ^ia^jnnractor^ with r c r m ^ t c l y incrodiole cAility ^rrcscc the xuvjxc#Tot h? S ' a joScdod iv: o:.- t*ri>* «c Cf tho ta r ta r strafoh cf nirw tcontli-co.’.tvo.-y oxth Air_ca*
" to ^ of 1 jnmder n Is t:.e st^ry of a colc\trod toacher ir a nlattolo.4 dor . Isolated from the br.ckwrrd and unedu- cr.t'’d coloured cc ■ unit;-, he falls in love vith a white gxrl, and trorody r 3~u.tr* The- story in, in parts, r.e_odrara-xc an' ' - ivjba'ol o and Hr. A'crchnrs hr.e not rltcrothcr avoided tao nitfaiis of facile dr a: nttsatioh. There io , novcrt iclega, inich of val'ie ir. t c b .'i :, especially in its treatment of w c difficult relation:'- .i j between t.ic sophisticateO. toacncr his mioduoatcd fariily ai^d ;r_o.ids.
A "a" "at ’ a Hr- tho 'loved Country* is a naturer werhthan any’ of ? tor Abr: r. it c.:cws a judflonont lessdoodad b~ c .o^iou . "ct Hr. Paton .Vs not entirely 3-iccoec.edin T-ortraylai' the rs. lit .es cf South African Society. -o ist. j'rtuch cor.ocrnod t ir w a poyal froc .lis^stor;', too ^ro-occuniod with the justification cf his own br/.cid cl C.-irxSviauliberal is-*'-. *he r. J t io that hia plot r.nd cnar.xturs arc
not entirely true to l i fe . ,A th ird /. . . . . .
i . tL, , u
*waronosa, r.ot crly jf J x i a t i v J T ^ S f ^00 t *ho s* 0VS R ’won vh? ?01^ «^nsoq.’oaBoe6 which rpi i ^ ’blons, but alao of wiiioh she wiaitofi to corv»»y art J r n ^lea. I;*, ideaa
lier technical 3kiT> ? n important. Unfor-t:*e uairkn which she 3ota herself vtj£T XS 1<rk * * * «q»aX.%o . «oaJc; ta© central character of Ju, v ^’^a cterisatio u ia oec&rjQ a cocmlotoly dlflferont ^liacle, aooua to^hi.o hi a oxperioncoa account f£r m ‘♦-Hrough tho boolc
J ? l»rtftIKW? S! do -’<>* o x d I 5* * I P 1® towardsnor.antity cl the c are e r chantoH vf 0 5olf-c*facin*ful deiw^o^e of tho i.-.t^r oort oucceoB-
ia t .an^ niouociorccatic.' >-„+ 3 «.f J'lnin£ eharactora-.; rc a?d richaccs of detail t m - •» lacka atnoi-
t : ™ * : ? * th -t has ro'ad*a soShi ^ S_? nQ wi<* the> book is un- writora.ia3
; i M : a writer who
oi '■■ •• ’t t-V v t nuIIiodVriotioE J?ts , for Itsor r;fc v-«iout .-oralisiJ ’ « J * L ? Positive philc,v nhy
— t v, « * of tho n a t a r l i V I I w «
J‘ -%W iuOIIOCiircnXlt i Cm Vn a+ * r* 4-i_ -j.. I*, CI XTjUCfk-.; rc ri?d richr.es3 Of dct'il *' - i lacka atr.ic
i S - ™ !* ; .* 1 th- enc has W a social So? - * . ? ' 10 with <*°
; L ; ’. i m . k: . s c u ^ i .
t ’ i co'J.trJ'] “ Act r ’ , ; .“! | i i s^ T r?do Unif» official visited vesttje tio.i of tho r.-ido~Tj; V p ■/*" ,^.;I)af on: x^ Q-'-'-auativc in- ec..elusion the* thcr- w- T ^ \ ;.usr2» 2? ^ to tho "ro.v.l" t r ^ u don ovSont] ^ At ^ i1* « a
Africans, war l ^ v c a ^ i b^rs^^fr/UBQ cffonoo to sonc South Lr. tho trerk of the £ ? . I ^ w ^ vc °Pont ncny y*ar3
•f tuc aiaractcr f t v r utn V ,octiT® onooriaonV/i<;h the W c - W t 5 rSri M o m entc vmoo -in© o;’ Vic correct* ."-••* ^ *> ^ l a i °ni8!". nuat for,.i.jn visit.-r. — r^ctr.. .- of tr.o conclrjjiona of cur
Trr.de Unionlen? 10 L~'J l ' 1 / 4 'V •, purpor.es and principles of
in- d -.sa*wiIi?h'Ji a ° t h ^ S m r o -I* J*l2 ° ^ ni" atirn qf tho worfc- '•'* :.?r :urvea 03 *i’o rxar.3 of • ‘ *l, e*istin£ socialinterests «f tho workers “ *?. fcrotcctlns thet.'.iura eonflieta with th.- int.Vrr : Jf ; f tf’-’ social o r ' poso of tiie Trade T.Yaon Kcvor.e-?'t* S SJ? «erkarat the t.lines ao that it n v h- i nnrf^~-! thio ordcintoroata of the claac it vi tj the hiatori
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.• h . x -no wor.'xra. I- - T. who
t ’^- a conflicts with the in tc r ^ts nf ?s ,®0Cial °r * °r of peso of the Trade lYlon Kcvnr.r-t fs S u^ k o r a , the pur- t.iincs ao that it nc.” >>• i nort^i • + thio order ofint'?.r*?3t3 of the clan- i- ^ 7 the his*oricfo ’ lcw fron thia. rir-n-/" T 2 ?nt?* +Wc vital principles Union :v-.-, teat U . [ t “ ! ! . v 7 ;itivc that tho fradoTir.it toSPoat . ■ - t Cv- W'-rkcra1
of ’W vooatc cf tho worfc-r"« ‘ °andCT t r C,‘+8£ ’plcy tilC rol° los’ ly ’iroclain the : ^ 3i { ??„ JJ m ot boldly and fear- and who rrcduco tio 1/•* ’ f-, "oV « " J *• 00 tho so who work '^ * U s to r.i;:.'.'vo It:: airpoao Vm UrZ: Secondly, in ondcav-
m intain the laxinui; u rty of S i S S S S ^ ° U* dcYtlcP w d
In wouth I'Sricr. t' «-'ac ri-ir. »,-*■! • •.auccassfal Tradr Union Movers- :t „ % CiT^ 3» caao.-tinl to a a. n.ioa tc all aocti ,v:, of t h ' ^ ‘ his ^ i t ic ia nnoii—2vu^oj)0£ui# * * -uontj bot-.i DiLroriccji arji.
South Africa ia~'tao'"d:'- ^i+ '’ rff + ' ‘ ' r'‘" of the ■'■'•ie Uniona in fleeted not orig in ?f 1 ,0 »orlxrs, ?>j.a is
AiVican worlcera from tho"* oxcl’osion of the'xn such o JUaliy tropic but .
i..,xo* oranchoc *or
coloured/.........
- 1 1
odour®* or Indian ver o r :, Vith soae rare • ^ t l o n s . thorn^ . a {- - f - v jo ^ r ji cu d. ,icn— iropoEui
i 3. ^ : « ■. t: ■ < rr; 'wiitc »• r'-oro; Ije ior .,-i -rsLisatl-J.-.s w il l > *t ro t«;-on4 />«Tooot.»a t r *t t .«
_ , : : r ; -<* 'GiV- >:%JTO\fOLJ\ V T . X T 3 HU?* 00 - y—
Y - t 'v ‘ 1 ,- • - •' , i* " t, i» t case *het• * « « * * « • *S^rSneai 5 w :5 w r - e t w l W - toother la t h O o l r t -
• r •■ 'o of J 'v <•' r. vts *jt. . i ;tcrc: '.«3. ac o.f-c*. diau-i • - i t - ’ 1 • v i 'v and.’vorkleC conditions u- t »; o d o c f ^ n i ^ c 13 t-itt obricd’ 3 t «cc4 t « n t i o n ^ .
the South Afric .:. • r.\4c ..nion accno f-j'-JJ co rlote ixr’jatior cf tl» L'- .c -rincxulo wor*ccre unit...
It r V h i be .-a- r.vul tl. t the failure to socuro worter*1 *»lty i » ‘t K 7r.de V.n.Vnc . " t h e ro=rU of imperialist r n- ditiars. the cor.rnou. on : f deliberate £~id perolatent r ifiiSt n r o p c ^ t . 'l y t •- r:lL*.f '*1^30 w d tho ^ l u * n c o ci b l it h e id policies of the V,vrrnnent. aut t. at - 3/;;Vest oi.lv a lann excuse. 'he real car.ce cf tno disunity the lack --f a cle* r s i f t e d noli ay ies od to protoct tno i-.. ,r v . ^ f -,n w r jcr* first f-d f ..•ror.ont • **2ia lacK of a cle ar pf llcv lo 'd 2 whit^ tr.de -union loaders evon to ijaoro and to sacrifice the basic i: .terms ts of their awn white
norther t.
; „ ic:ir os<'iolu of this is tho manner ir. which European Tra> 'u l loaders fence ther.scire? < f f fron the realities ■f t ,r> wo- .cr: '’ life under tho slc<-, Ji of no politics . -top r. jtcr t is si has loo them t' sacrifice basic rights
» liberties of their ucubors. ir. fact, nany of thoii iiavo k7w reached f o sta/'c where ,,.riy ariticisu of tho Government i ' iWjWf'- ’’ r. 3 "oolitica” - : A in co-isogucnco they now lino cl . - i- +.ic wai'A sf till-:* T>,'liticfil :xirticc. It is the
iV;oa3. parties of x.ho rulin,T class who now dictate tao p icj. !3 1 of the L-iu’ow'sa tradp m io n s . It is not■i very I v r cry fror. this to the uesition whcro the trado
bee. * aa adjunct of the 'State. -he o lf^m of ’no t> ■ i t ' ss1! ’fc-rv j i .:C‘ refus'd of independence t » tho Tr idc
t'-iior KicVc: e::t.
''out:- .'-fr'.OiB trade union lei-dcrc lic.ve rono a Ion/: way j.: - erificiiw t o ijjde * la co of *• • Msvctiont* Ehia r*'Vo.- led -** tho su-»ort* r i w a Vy a .~i*et.t i u-rsy tivdc utica
.. .j»» to the*. i'ik?cri4 ivc v^cr v I'^oour didstorSc-'.ori^ji. -'Ji out standi ;ic; and tito aost dicjwtiiiC cxairclc
wno tiic / . . .
war, the readiness with whi*h 3one trade union leaders connived at the pror-ocai to establish coice form f "T,an*-men1 3 Committee" for the purpose of screening allege i ccmwkiots under the Suppression of Ocnanmriism Act. A largo gr-rup cf trade unions trok rart in discussions for th miroose of implementing the recommendations of the Rationalist lirtuot- rial Legislation Commission, a body whose uirM <*rutr>ed *M oct was to curry Into effect tne anti-trade ur - , labour pro-
V, the ‘•.^.i 'jnflist Party. Cf equal aignlfloanee ia t..e readiness with which trade union loriders arc inclined to support *he Kcrc-a war adventure and the rroi .rations fc-r nnotner w^rli vr-r. All .these thing? are dar^jsrous pointers to tne path ta*en by South African r-ie Uni a loaders & path whion aunt :«ad t Mcvoaient t> de street to is if the acsioer.; of the tr ul,- u.'-.i.a ar-. not awukohed tc the fatal coujcquencos of theao policies.
^ S£°J° c^iticisjan a-.xly mainly to. the recalled. jio. Ci.^ _r *.d:. jns. In tucir case, thr..-< v'> ;tneaae3 ‘?-r::y -Voa the white workers * tcrapcraxy privilqgr of sharing in o. v e-^icitatior. of the non-Tharopcan wor.urs ; nd their _jvcj: o* clear vision of their own fundamental tad ultimato interestj.
M t:,c African or non-European Trade Unions'also dis- plu* .a |tlii^s in elementary polioioa. This doee not rcfor tJ t.._ racketeering Ox some African trade union leaders, a ]ii'«c;:o::icno:i caused by ijrorar.ee of the wcr’asra,' lack of 0~-
? S n « i S * i n ^ r4 8traJiv<: *<*> and t>o abjocl nc^crt*- and inaocuri ,y of African traac union lcodor3 * Of far -roater
- ??if 1Cr>C? 1C Jhc d£ATcrcvj tr.'nd of isolation of the • it *'a r unions from the rationrl liberation nayomcnt tho cmpnas.s on tho futile slogan cf "no nolitics" and the airost exclusive concentration on socalled cconcmic ipsuc'3 Many African trade unionists have as yet not r e a ^s e d ? S t * there car. bo no ecomnic adrancc for tix-ir lumbers and no protection for the standards achieved through the present
M v fi ■cthods cf negotiation without political and
? 2* , m i n Wcakr^ ca Of tho A frican trade unionsindoe^, is tho L’alense lack of freedom and rights of thoir " * members and of their organisations.
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s d ! S S i H S & & & * ** * “ * > = » '-rnn ‘ •K‘ * " * " » » <«i two « T , S r M l l i n W
S S 5 ? - “ 0 4 - t onat buy I- • 4 Vi ~ * ‘iror*c ‘C»ovn as p ••p-*---uroT>oanB nay
r -io ir. the Unlnr, &ti^ _ ? ° ? erT08. fhey *They cay 'ore aet
ijctritut ion°wiB;
& 5 ? f c a g i . T * ; - 4 P ' ° ' ^ r S S ^ S x
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Pm m ^ e o sm s^ -- uri iar L-' ,-•. * f *- P°r cent, of ^ ^ ®n toe orivi.ie/ro
; :o-- to t CCror‘ * * * Q q u c r iS 3 1- i In 1 9 3 6 *p:; to -icsorve 1 yc:\ra by t’lC ’> fci^ ^£ i,aorfontijflo la:id” v h v - d * 2y 19^0 tY.’rn V - , Eruat and to
*«■" l , v S t J^oro S i i f Y 1*-Bergenkr,-/a*labl<-' . swantoor ar 1 t ’V tra ^rgrm have
‘ ■>0 t o U ^ V S o T T - ® « i r = w S I S S S *01 u S l i «wnior.. * * * — per cent/ of .
*• iv.ir.atod \uidor «•- IT sonorationa cul,tiv^ c hi a vlot
?; -■ier.itoa U S 1 . " ® » W S t a n c £ ? E f . ‘ “ ™= i» « * yii-conr.lrto. JJrT: i ; 8 U n Jioldir^a. ?£,*- ^ llu0 the fnr.ily
’-•* t :nt lV i- *P» « > - m * % ? & ? « « « * > ! ? 1 .
' «s « . * *“ ; ^ » W . i.-.i' t '^ir
in 3UTV- ”( <* • T. _ /JU'•, r-.-" ' J ' (orirtnall'r
iv l : °r - on , h i ^ V f 0n- K a - «» '* lo^ia*?- *?? 9 lon Crrvy rj:nt» Th • nolfli ’- Ln Poroet’jal lutt™,-*’ ii?llcd ** the
l d - <*° ^ i --‘o r it ^ io ,i J U g : . t Govern-' ^ fc.oold oidy
to anothor trlfcoanan. Individual Snallholdiagf *ro %ta trac- tico only In a few areas - tho Ciekci a: A parts of tho Tranotai.
All gn.zi.ng lands in the Reserves are go. ■ -mni.
, . . In RoBcrvos, then, the African 'i&y buy and own land, but tao pict jro of individual holdings -_>*i nuall fnxuors - on
' f tho country3ido of Uur' -e - nerd3 considerable n <?.u icatio... In very rare casco do the c; .iditiona of Ho3orvo I ixcora correspond, with thos cf a ooar-.ant in Furope.
<In l "r h>. ^Government agriculturist doscribcd tho Glon Grey + i, ^ an ,J U ws : of eighteen thousand fttnilie3 ,
ten t-i'-waii* po3ceo3cd no arable land, but Tcroly a rooidertial plot and acceae to tho coronal erasing land. The avorure
Uooiie waa four shilling* a ntrnt derived froo aovoa ..v e n , thrCO go?.t3 . one ox and one calf, Eight thouaand Jnuilioa owned arable 1> i , but their average iacono fron wo- duce vac an additional three ahillinga a north '^ iv ir i a total of agygn ahillinga) *yr conclude the •: that the incoi» of the
i 'V ’" ?B Cir;lW--'' ‘-Hot-./.cnte io aavcn ahillingo nor
of a lfircor * « * with^ ^
n u t r u W * ® « f f ih0 G m : ^ c ' - K?crapoctlvoa in Mai- aSiffiitSniii - irV orroncoua to ro-rrd a hr.Vive Beaorvo as an ^rricv t rnl area. It would 00 rare accurate to aneak of it m a woil-s^oad out rc8i*:nti,.l area where the a v e r f ^ fLiil- V '* ; , i---oo no noro ov.t of aia land tar 1 the average city “* dwo*j.cr pottoriiig around in bac!^nrd gardona.
. " 0bv- "-"-y n° far.il;' oan live on four flhillinra or govern_ ; 2 ^ c>r * ~~ads food, building natorials» blankets
eiae--X 'etc8* S®4 H ? * * ’ 3011001 booko» cirurch duo a, rsodi- cine., otc.^ Hence jo fir/1 seventy per cent, of tho oon are ab-
coStVS0rr o S t t i ^ Xt f t W° f :1^ An thc nil:C3 “r iD other labour S ^ o a SuS'i'^?S£C, i ' V < - ^ - P roas0fi fat*ilio3 in tho Bo- 3 . ... .3 auc-1 anaro of tnoir 3uall wages an they can 3-naro -v™
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of 3ri"'* — *•’■■' f ’XTiC.r.t or. tl.e
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Dear
• * • aAx* t ■
- ! ■'/ M9 H & -r". ‘ t
Lik*ratAon>..5 Somerset House,
1X0 Fox Street, Johannesburg,.
a f - ' d
The Business end Of Liberation has been placed under now management.
It is hoped as a result that the Journal will appear more regularly and that we w ill be able to place it on a more sound financial basis, «
On examining the books we find that there is anamount of ------- debited against you for copies of Liberationforwarded to you, or taken by you. This apparently does not make any allowance for unsold copies ^hich may or may not have been returnea.
Please assist us to get things straight by
■>) advising ur of the amount which is frtlll owing.
0 The amount whic». . hould be credited to you for unsold coolor returns.
c) Beturning such ursold conies as may st ill be in your possession
i) By immediately enuing us such ->c — v bn flu#-.
' fc is j. '^st
,fe no* d cacn^y urgently to brine vut the next i*sue ofL i b e r a t i o n 1
Thanking you, „
Yours sincerely, t
f
f
X '
Collection Number: AD1812
RECORDS RELATING TO THE 'TREASON TRIAL' (REGINA vs F. ADAMS AND OTHERS ON CHARGE OF HIGH TREASON, ETC.), 1956 1961 TREASON TRIAL, 1956 1961
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