Parlulua.a PRDGRAMMATICCDURSE VOLUME 1CREVIBECJ by JACKLEEULSH and ASSOCIATES FDREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT DF STATE Parlulua.a PRDGRAMMATICCDURSE VOLUME 1CREVIBECJ by JACKLEEULSH and ASSOCIATES FDREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT DF STATE FOREIGN SER VICEINSTITUTE BASIC COURSESERIES Edltedby MARIANNE LEHRADAMS For sale bythe Superintendent of DocumentsLSGovernment Printing Office WashingtonDC20402 FOREIGN SER VICEINSTITUTE BASIC COURSESERIES Edltedby MARIANNE LEHRADAMS For sale bythe Superintendent of DocumentsLSGovernment Printing Office WashingtonDC20402 PREFACE PortugueseProgrammaticCoursewaspreparedbyJackLeeUlsh,supervisorof PortugueseinstructionattheForeignServiceInstitute.Thisfirstvolumecontains25 unitsof work.Volume2contains anadditional23 units and completesthecourse.The Portuguese presented inbothvolumes iseducated speechdrawnprincipallyfromBrazilian sourcesbutintendedto servetheneeds of students going toEuropeor Africa.The guid-anceof aninstructorwillbehelpfulinmaking suchadaptationsasareappropriatefor continentalorAfricanPortugueseaswellasforregionalvariationswithinBrazil. Thefirsteditionof VolumeIappearedin1974.Inthis,therevised edition,units 1- 7 havebeenrewrittenwithanentirelydifterentformatandunits 8- 10 have under-gonemajorchanges.Units11- 25 havebeen left essentially astheywere,receiving only minor modifications and corrections. InsdeFreitasUlshwastheauthor's chief consultant forthefirstedition,contribu-ting substantiallytothe development of many of the dialogs and drills.Muchof her work remainsinunits11- 25of thepresentedition.Theauthor'sprincipal contributor and consultantfortherevisedunits1- 10 hasbeenMuriloVonMeien.Usefulsuggestions wereofteredbyM.ZilahPereiraAranha. Thetaperecordingswhich providethe principal substance of this courseweremade underthe guidanceof Mr.UlshintheFSI languagelaboratorywith Jos M.Ramirez serv-ing asthe audio engineer.ThePortuguesevoicing wasdonebyYaraAlvarenga,T.Lisieux C.Campbe11,ZoeFinhaneGreene,MilenneDiasHauseman,NeireBarimdeSouza Johnson,Mrs.UlshandMr.VonMeien.AnnouncementsandEnglishvoicingwere suppliedbyMr.Ulsh. TheoriginalmanuscriptwastypedbyIrmaPonce,MarykoDeemerandClaire Freeman.Revisedunits1- 10 andthechanged portionsof units 11- 25 weretyped by MeganMariaMcCa11. Thecover and thetitle pagewere prepared by John McClelland of theAudio Visual Staft.Mr.VonMeienphotographedtheviewof RiodeJaneirowhichwasused forthe cover designof bothvolumes. Theoriginal edition of Volume Iwasaccompanied by aninstructor'smanual which provided a guidetotherecorded portions of the student'stext and contained a script for aliof thePortuguesewhichhadbeenrecordedandwhichdidnot appearinprint inthe studenttextoTherevisedVolumeIhasnoseparateinstructor'smanual.Recorded portionswhicharenolpvidentfromthetext areincluded ina special sectionintheback of thevolume. PREFACE PortugueseProgrammaticCoursewaspreparedbyJackLeeUlsh,supervisorof PortugueseinstructionattheForeignServiceInstitute.Thisfirstvolumecontains25 unitsof work.Volume2contains anadditional23 units and completesthecourse.The Portuguese presented inbothvolumes iseducated speechdrawnprincipallyfromBrazilian sourcesbutintendedto servetheneeds of students going toEuropeor Africa.The guid-anceof aninstructorwillbehelpfulinmaking suchadaptationsasareappropriatefor continentalorAfricanPortugueseaswellasforregionalvariationswithinBrazil. Thefirsteditionof VolumeIappearedin1974.Inthis,therevised edition,units 1- 7 havebeenrewrittenwithanentirelydifterentformatandunits 8- 10 have under-gonemajorchanges.Units11- 25 havebeen left essentially astheywere,receiving only minor modifications and corrections. InsdeFreitasUlshwastheauthor's chief consultant forthefirstedition,contribu-ting substantiallytothe development of many of the dialogs and drills.Muchof her work remainsinunits11- 25of thepresentedition.Theauthor'sprincipal contributor and consultantfortherevisedunits1- 10 hasbeenMuriloVonMeien.Usefulsuggestions wereofteredbyM.ZilahPereiraAranha. Thetaperecordingswhich providethe principal substance of this courseweremade underthe guidanceof Mr.UlshintheFSI languagelaboratorywith Jos M.Ramirez serv-ing asthe audio engineer.ThePortuguesevoicing wasdonebyYaraAlvarenga,T.Lisieux C.Campbe11,ZoeFinhaneGreene,MilenneDiasHauseman,NeireBarimdeSouza Johnson,Mrs.UlshandMr.VonMeien.AnnouncementsandEnglishvoicingwere suppliedbyMr.Ulsh. TheoriginalmanuscriptwastypedbyIrmaPonce,MarykoDeemerandClaire Freeman.Revisedunits1- 10 andthechanged portionsof units 11- 25 weretyped by MeganMariaMcCa11. Thecover and thetitle pagewere prepared by John McClelland of theAudio Visual Staft.Mr.VonMeienphotographedtheviewof RiodeJaneirowhichwasused forthe cover designof bothvolumes. Theoriginal edition of Volume Iwasaccompanied by aninstructor'smanual which provided a guidetotherecorded portions of the student'stext and contained a script for aliof thePortuguesewhichhadbeenrecordedandwhichdidnot appearinprint inthe studenttextoTherevisedVolumeIhasnoseparateinstructor'smanual.Recorded portionswhicharenolpvidentfromthetext areincluded ina special sectionintheback of thevolume. PORTUGUESE TONGELA iv PORTUGUESE TONGELA iv PORTUGUESE Foreword Thisvolumecontainstwenty-fiveunitsofwork.Unitsone throughtwenty-fourconta innewmaterial.Unittwenty-fiveisa review. Aportionofthematerialsispresentedthroughprogramming. Indeed,thewordprogrammaticinthetitlemeansjustthat: partiallyprogrammed. Inthetypicalprogrammedformat,informationisgiventoyou bymeansofacarefullydesignedsequenceofnumbered'frames.' ~ h a tisa'frame?'Aframeissimplyastepinalearning sequence,anditbearsanumberforidentification.Letus illustrate. 1.Rightnowyouarelookingataframe.Itisframenumberone, andwehavegivenitthatnumber.Itisthefirststepina verybrieflearningsequencethatyouarenowundertaking. 2.Thisisframenumber2.Usuallyaframewillreferyoutoan itemrecordedonfuetape.Whenthisisthecase,youwillsee oneormoresetsofparenthesesappearingrightafterthe frameandjustbelowit,likethis: v PORTUGUESE Foreword Thisvolumecontainstwenty-fiveunitsofwork.Unitsone throughtwenty-fourconta innewmaterial.Unittwenty-fiveisa review. Aportionofthematerialsispresentedthroughprogramming. Indeed,thewordprogrammaticinthetitlemeansjustthat: partiallyprogrammed. Inthetypicalprogrammedformat,informationisgiventoyou bymeansofacarefullydesignedsequenceofnumbered'frames.' ~ h a tisa'frame?'Aframeissimplyastepinalearning sequence,anditbearsanumberforidentification.Letus illustrate. 1.Rightnowyouarelookingataframe.Itisframenumberone, andwehavegivenitthatnumber.Itisthefirststepina verybrieflearningsequencethatyouarenowundertaking. 2.Thisisframenumber2.Usuallyaframewillreferyoutoan itemrecordedonfuetape.Whenthisisthecase,youwillsee oneormoresetsofparenthesesappearingrightafterthe frameandjustbelowit,likethis: v PORTUGUESE 3.Theparentheseswillalwaysmeanthatsomethingisrecordedon thetape,andthenumberofsetsofparentheseswillalways tellyouthenumberoftimesthatthatparticular'something' isrecordedonthetape.Thus,twosetsofparentheseswill indicatethattheitemappearstwice.Likewise,youcan expecttohearanitemthreetimesifyouseethis: 4.So,whenyouseeoneormoresetsof),youshouldturn onthetapeandlisten.But,alwaysbesureyoureadthe framefirst.Youwillprobablyfindit necessarytoturn offthetapeafterthelastsetof(tokeepthetape fromgettingaheadofyou. 5.Youwilloftenseean'x'aftersomeoralIoftheparentheses, likethis: )x)x)x 6.That'x'meansthatyouaretomimicaloud(attheveryleast, underyoubreath,softly)whatyouhavejustheard.Inthis caseyouwouldrepeataloudaftereachofthelastthreetimes youheartheitem.Youmayletthetaoerunasyoudothis. )x)x)x vi PORTUGUESE 3.Theparentheseswillalwaysmeanthatsomethingisrecordedon thetape,andthenumberofsetsofparentheseswillalways tellyouthenumberoftimesthatthatparticular'something' isrecordedonthetape.Thus,twosetsofparentheseswill indicatethattheitemappearstwice.Likewise,youcan expecttohearanitemthreetimesifyouseethis: 4.So,whenyouseeoneormoresetsof),youshouldturn onthetapeandlisten.But,alwaysbesureyoureadthe framefirst.Youwillprobablyfindit necessarytoturn offthetapeafterthelastsetof(tokeepthetape fromgettingaheadofyou. 5.Youwilloftenseean'x'aftersomeoralIoftheparentheses, likethis: )x)x)x 6.That'x'meansthatyouaretomimicaloud(attheveryleast, underyoubreath,softly)whatyouhavejustheard.Inthis caseyouwouldrepeataloudaftereachofthelastthreetimes youheartheitem.Youmayletthetaoerunasyoudothis. )x)x)x vi PORTUGUESE 7.BeginninginUnit10youwillbeaskedquestionswhichwillbe basedoninformationwehavegivenyou.Youaretoanswer aloud.Thecorrectanswerswillappearjustbelowtheframe, totheleftofthepage,partiallyinthemargin,likethis: (Answer) 8.Alwaysgiveyouansweraloudfirst.Thenchecktheanswer intheleftmargintoseeifyouwereright.Toavoid temptationyoushouldkeeptheanswercoveredwithyourhand orasuitablysizedpieceofpaper.*Revealtheansweronly afteryouhavespokenitaloud.Youshouldthenfurther verifythecorrectresponsebylisteningtoit onthetape, wherewehavepre-recordedit,andbyrepeatingitaloudas shown.Thisprocedurewillusuallybeindicatedasfollows: Verify:)x)x 50muchforourverybriefintroductiontoprogramming.It isunlikelythatyouwillhaveanytroublefollowingalongo AlIportionsofthesemateriaIs,whethertheyareprogrammed ornot,lendthemselveswelltoself-instruction.Itis recommended,however,thatyouhavea'check-out'sessionwithan * Theauthoroncesawastudentusingafatcigar. providedit'snotlighted! vii Noobjections, PORTUGUESE 7.BeginninginUnit10youwillbeaskedquestionswhichwillbe basedoninformationwehavegivenyou.Youaretoanswer aloud.Thecorrectanswerswillappearjustbelowtheframe, totheleftofthepage,partiallyinthemargin,likethis: (Answer) 8.Alwaysgiveyouansweraloudfirst.Thenchecktheanswer intheleftmargintoseeifyouwereright.Toavoid temptationyoushouldkeeptheanswercoveredwithyourhand orasuitablysizedpieceofpaper.*Revealtheansweronly afteryouhavespokenitaloud.Youshouldthenfurther verifythecorrectresponsebylisteningtoit onthetape, wherewehavepre-recordedit,andbyrepeatingitaloudas shown.Thisprocedurewillusuallybeindicatedasfollows: Verify:)x)x 50muchforourverybriefintroductiontoprogramming.It isunlikelythatyouwillhaveanytroublefollowingalongo AlIportionsofthesemateriaIs,whethertheyareprogrammed ornot,lendthemselveswelltoself-instruction.Itis recommended,however,thatyouhavea'check-out'sessionwithan * Theauthoroncesawastudentusingafatcigar. providedit'snotlighted! vii Noobjections, PORTUGUESE instructoratregularintervalstoassureyourselfthatyouare progressingsatisfactorily.Duringthesesessionstheinstructor canverifywhatyouhaveprepared,polishingitandpracticing it withyou.Inanintensivecoursewhereyouarestudying Portugueseuptoeighthoursadayitisadvisabletoplanontwo tothreeormorehoursof'check-out'perday,preferablynotalI atonesitting. Inthefirstsixunitstheprogrammingleadstobrief conversationalexchanges.Theseexchangesappearinthetextand theyarepre-recordedontape.Youshouldtakethetimetolearn themwell,becauseyouwillbeaskedtoexhibitthemandpractice themwithyourinstructorduringthecheck-outsessions. AseriesoflongerexchangescalleddialogsbeginsinUnit seven.Thesetooyouwillwanttopreparethoroughlysothatyou feelcomfortable?articipatinginthernwithyourinstructor. InUnitseightthroughtwenty-fouryouwillfindavariety ofpracticeexercisesdealingwithoneoranothergrammatical point.Mostoftheseexercisesarerecordedontape.Follow theinstructionsforeachoneandworkconscientiously.Your instructorwillwanttoverifythatyouhavemasteredthepoint beingdrilled. viii Preface Foreword Programming Pronunciation Nasalom Nasalim --isounindia WordOrder Est,sim Pronunciation unaspiratedt emdiphthong sy11ab1e-fina1E chsoundinnoite PORTUGUESE CONTENTS Unit1 shsoundinchovendo aodiphthonginnao Negation naofor'no'and'not' ix 1 2 4 6 7 10 11 16 20 21 22 22 Programming PartI obrigad%brigada 2 senhora Pronunciation PORTUGUESE Unit2 nhofsenhor/senhora oofsenhora flappeEofsenhora vai/vouingreetings Pronunciation nasaluidiphthong(muito) Leavetaking Pronunciation eofat Qoflogo ofamanh PartII casado/casaa sou solteiro/solteira Pronunciation Ihoffilho tem/tenho x 25 26 28,29 28,29 29 30 32 34 37 37 38 39 41 43 46 50 50,51 Pronunciation 1ofQual ~ ofvelha 2 ofnova E ofMaria chamar-se Programming Pronunciation rofYara conhece/conheo Pronunciation I-ofErofessor ~ ofela ~ ofverb nhofminha 2 ofnossa f. ofclaro ~ ofessa f.ofraEaz e s s e / ~ PORTUGUESE Unit3 meu/nossowithmasculinenouns ele/elacontrast Quem? xi 78, 56 56 57 58 61 63 63 64 67 67 68 68 70 73 75 75 76 79 80 83 PORTUGUESE Unit4 Programming Pronunciation nasal do/dashowingpossession Onde?/Ondeest? ResponsestoOnde?:em,na Exchangeswithvai/vou Unit5 Programming Pronouneu vou/vaiwithinfinitive Infinitive=neutralform Neutralforms:-ar -' -er,-ir pronunciation iand..ofJos Eand1ofRaquel EofRoberto stressedsyllableinIns stressedsyllableinLcia mas(contrastivestatements) pretendewithinfinitives pretendowithinfinitives Quando? ResponsestoQuando? xii 87 87 91 95 96,97 101 107 107 108 110 114 115 116 116 117 118 119 122 123,124 127 127 PORTUGUESE Unit6 Programming Pronunciation sy11ab1e-fina11 Tit1eofrespect:dona Tit1eofrespect:osenhor quero/querwithinfinitives posso/podewithinfinitives porque?(Why?) porque(because) Unit7 Programming I-forms Be-forms We-forms We-formswithinfinitives Definiteartic1eandindefinite artic1e Pronunciation f1appedEin c1usters equeafterOnde? Voc xiii 135 135 136 137 138,139 146,147 152 153 157 158 163 163 164 165 167 167,168 169 170,171 171,172 PORTUGUESE Dialog SupplementalPractices I-formwithneutralform We-formwithneutralform He-formwithneutralform Askingquestions Answeringquestions Practicewithso Practicewithquiser Translationpractice Unit8 Programming Pronunciation diphthongreview open~ ,closed~ Dialog ALookattheGrammar They-forms 'Goingto' 'Not'+verb Comprehension Translations xiv 173 176 177 179 181 182 183 185 186 191 192 195 198 200 205 211 214 214 PORTUGUESE Unit9 Programming Pronunciation tandchcontrast dandQ.gcontrast Dia10g ALookattheGrammar C1assificationofNouns: Definiteartic1es Indefiniteartic1es Comprehension Trans1ations Unit10 Prograrnrning Gender TheContractionsnaandno DescriptiveAdjectives Dia10g ALookattheGrammar Contractionsnoandna 'Being':ser/estar Morecontractions:num/numa Comprehension Trans1ations xv 219 219 220 222 224 228 230 233 233 236 236 240 243 245 245 252 254 254 PORTUGUESE Unit11 Programming Pronunciation OpenQiclosedQ Structure Pluralizing~ Voiced/unvoicedcontrast Pluralizing~ Pluralnos,nas,nuns,numas Dialog Somenumbers ALookattheGrammar I.PluralNouns 11.GenderAgreement Quantos 111.Morecontractions do,da,dos,das dum,duma,duns,dumas Comprehension Translations xvi 257 257 259 262 263 265 269 270 270 272 274 275 277 278 278 PORTUGUESE Unit12 Programming Cognates terque Dialog ALookattheGrammar I.Verbsof-artype 11.Gostar+de 111.terque IV.Negativequestions Comprehension Translations Unit13 Programming Pronunciation NasalVowels Openi-arverbs Dialog ALookattheGrammar I.They-formsof-arverbs 11.We-formsof-arverbs 111.Conjunctionque Comprehension Translations xvii 281 281 286 288 290 295 300 302 304 304 306 306 311 313 315 317 318 322 322 PORTUGUESE Unit14 Programming Pasttense-arverbs, I-forms/he-forms Pasttense:'go';'have' Contractionsao,~ Contractionsnele,nela Dialog ALookattheGrammar I.Pasttense-arverbs 11.Pasttenseof'having' III.Contractionsao, IV.Pasttenseof'going' V.acharque;falarque Comprehension Translations Unit15 Programming -aramending -amosending,presentandpast ir,terinpast 'weare';'theyare' saber/conhecer Dialog ALookattheGrammar xviii 326 326 330 333 334 336 339 343 345 346 347 348 348 350 352 354 355 359 360 361 PORTUGUESE I.-arverbsinpast, we-formsandthey-forms Withi. ,aindano lI.We-forms,they-formsof 'having','going'inpast III.Ter,Ser,Estar;weand they-forms,present IV.Serforidentity V.Doublenegativeno . nada Comprehension Translations Unit16 Programming -erverbsinpast Reflexives pelo/pela Dialog ALookattheGrammar I.-erverbsinpast lI.Tellingtime III.Reflexives Comprehension Translations xix 365 369 371 374 377 380 381 381 384 384 388 392 393 396 398 403 403 404 PORTUGUESE Unit17 Programming Pronunciation -o/es;cognates -ali-ais;cognates zlinkbeforevowels Structure -irverbsinpast dewithsair Dialog ExpansionExercises AdverbialTimeExpressions Comprehension Translations Programming Possessives: Qminha osua onossa Unit18 olivro cartadele,etc. 2 dele,etc. 2(livro)dePaulo,etc. xx 408 408 411 413 414 419 422 424 426 426 430 430 432 434 435 437 438 PORTUGUESE Dialog SupplementaryVocabulary DaysofItheweek Monthsoftheyear ExpansionExercises Daysandmonths comprarandmandar ~gente'we' Comprehension Exchanges Unit19 Programming Pronunciation Nasalvowellinkedto non-nasalvowel Presenttense-irverbs -ndoformofverb Dialog ExpansionExercises Comprehension Translations xxi 441 443 443 443 444 444 445 445 447 447 450 454 458 460 465 465 PORTUGUESE Unit20 Programming OpenOandEin-arand -erverbs este,esse,etc. Dialog ExpansionExercises 1.Commongreetings 3.Que+noun! 4-8.Cognatesendingin-ao and-aI Comprehension Exchanges Unit21 Programming I.-avaendings 11.Nounsandadjectivesending instressed-el,-01,-i1,-uI Dia10g ExpansionExercises 1.viajar 2.alias 3.Que(exc1arnation) Trans1ations xxii 467 467 476 480 483 484 485 486 490 490 493 493 506 512 514 514 515 516 PORTUGUESE Unit22 Programming -iaendings Dialog ExpansionExercises 1.CornrnonFirstNames 2.NameCombinations 3.vender Translations Programming era,etc. tinha,etc. estava,etc. 'Pastdescription' pretendia,etc. gueria,etc. ia,etc. tinhaque,etc. sabia,etc. Dialog ExpansionExercises 1.reparar 2.procurar Unit23 xxiii 518 518 531 534 535 535 536 540 540 541 544 546 548 549 550 551 552 554 555 555 PORTUGUESE 3.Eerder-se 4.odinheirod 5.MoreNames A.FirstNames B.FamilyNames Translations Unit24 Programming I.Unstressed-eland-il endings 11.Open andclosedoin certainadjectives Dialog ExpansionExercises 1.acabar+-ndo 2.Erecisar 3.MoreFamilyNames Exchanges Unit25 REVIEW OutlineofReview 556 556 558 558 559 563 563 573 580 582 582 583 585 591 Portuguese-EnglishVocabulary633 IndexofGrammaticalandTopicalFeatures641 Instructor'sGuidetotheAccompanyingRecordings647 xxiv PORTUGUESE 1 Unit1 1.Listentothisvowelsoundonthetape.Donotrepeatit yet. 2.ThesoundyoujustheardisaPortuguesenasalvowel. Listentoitagain. 3.Thisnasalvowelsoundisseldomheardallbyitself. Usuallyitisheardincombinationwithothersounds.To illustrate,wecanputabsoundbeforeit.Theresultis aone-syllableword.Justlisten. 4.Hereisyourchancetoreoeatthatword.Mimicthevoice onthetapeasaccuratelyasyoucano )x)x 5.Nowwewillputansinfrontofthissamenasalvowel. ThisgivesusanotherPortugueseword.Justlisten. 6.Hereisyourchancetorepeatthatword.Mimicthevoice onthetapeasaccuratelyasyoucano )x)x 7.Nowwewillputa~infrontofthevowel.Thisgivesus stillanotherword.Justlisten. 1.1 PORTUGUESE 2 8.Nowsaytheword.Mimicthevoiceonthetapeasaccurately asyoucano ) x) x 9.Inthisframewewillreviewthethreewordsjustgiven, andwewillshowyouwhattheylooklike.Mimicthevoice onthetapeasyoureyefollowsalongbelow. bom) x) x som)x)x dom)x)x 10.Thisvisualstimulusmaytemptyoutosayanmsound whenpronouncingthesewords.Thiswouldbewrong.There isnomsoundinthesewords.Besurethatyoudonotlet yourselfsayone. bom) x som)x dom) x 11.Hereisanothercommonwordinwhichthissamenasalvowel occurs.Justlisten. com 12.Nowrepeattheword,makingsurethatyoudonotendit withanmsound. com)x)x 13.Herearetwocornrnonnamesthatcontainthisnasalvowel. Justlisten.Donotrepeatyet. Afonso Alonso 1.2 PORTUGUESE 14.Nowrepeat.Becarefulthatyousaythenasalvoweland thatyoudonotsayan~sound. Afonso) x) x Alonso)x)x 15.Letusnowgoontoanothernasalvowel.Listentothe voiceonthetape.Donotrepeatyet. 3 16.Asbefore,wewillprefixseveralconsonantsoundstothis nasalvowelinordertoforrnwords.Firstwewillprefix anssound.Justlisten. 17.Nowirnitatethevoiceonthetapeaswellasyoucano ) x) x 18.Listentothissarnenasalvowelprecededbyanrnsound. 19.Nowirnitate. ) x) x 20.Listentothissarnenasalvowelprecededbyavsound. 21.Nowirnitate. ) x) x 1.3 4 22. PORTUGUESE Inthisframewewillreviewthethreewordsjustgiven, andwewillshowyouwhattheylooklike.Continueto mimicthevoiceonthetapeasyoureyefollowsalong below. sim mim vim )x )x )x )x )x )x 23.Thesightofthemmaytemptyoutosaya n ~ .Donotlet thathappen.Pronounceanasalvowelinstead. sim mim vim )x )x )x 24.Hereisthesamenasalvowelprecededbythe1sound. Justlisten. 25.Thatwasthefirstsyllableofatwo-syllableword.Now repeatthesyllable. ) x) x 26.Thesecondsyllableoftheworddoesnothaveanasal vowel.Justlisten. 27.Nowrepeatthesecondsyllable. )x)x 28.Bycombiningthetwosyllablesweproducetheword.Listen, thenmimic. )x)x)x 1.4 PORTUGUESE 5 29.Hereishowthewordapoearsinprint.Mimiccarefullyas youlookatit. lindo 30.Asyousee,inthiswordannappears,butyoushouldtry nottosayan~ . lindo Instead,saythenasalvowel. )x)x 31.Youwilloftenfindthissamewordsaidwithadifferent ending.Justlisten. linda 32.Nowrepeat.Trynottosayan~sound. linda)x)x 33.Thewordyoujustsaidcanalsobeapropername.Repeat itagain,beingsuretomakethevowelnasal. Linda)x)x 34.Inabriefconversationalexchangethatwillsoonbe presented,youwillofferthegreeting'Goodday.'Here istheword'good.'Itisawordyouhavealready practiced.Asyousayitagain,remembertomakethe vowelnasal. bom)x)x 35.Andhereistheword'day.'Itisanewwordforyou, andthereisnonasalvowel. dia)x)x 36.ManyPortuguesespeakerspronouncethedofdiaasyoujust heardit,verysimilartoourEnglishQ.Otherspeakers pronouncethedmuchliketheiofEnglishjeep,asyou 1.5 6 PORTUGUESE wi11hearatthispointonthetape. dia)x)x 37.Eitherpronounciationiscorrect.Botharecommon.For themomentwewi11askyoutocopytheiofjeep. dia)x)x 38.Itmaya1sobeusefu1torepresentthissoundwiththe symbo1s~ ,asintheEng1ishword'fudge.'Saytheword 'fudge,'thentransferthedgtothePortugueseworddia. fudge dia )x )x )x )x 39.Ifweputbomanddiatogetherwehavethegreeting 'Goodday,'or'Goodmorning.' bomdia)x)x 40.Thepersonrespondingtothisgreetingwi111ike1yusethe samephraseinreturningthegreeting. bomdia)x)x 41.Inthethird1ineoftheconversationa1exchangetowhichwe are1eadingyou,thespeakersays'Thedayisbeautifu1.' Youa1readyknow'day.' dia)x)x 42.Hereis'theday.' odia)x)x 43.Noticethattheword'the'inthisphraseissimp1ythe soundu. o)x)x 44.Hereagainis'theday. , odia)x)x 1.6 PORTUGUESE 45.Theword'beautiful'isalsoawordyouhavealready practiced.Asyousayitagain,remembertomakeits firstvowelnasal. lindo)x)x 46.Listentothewayyousay'is.' est 47.Nowrepeat. est)x)x 48.Here,then,arethelasttwowordsofthissentence:'is beautiful. ' estlindo)x)x 7 49.Andhereisthecompletesentence:'Thedayisbeautiful.' odiaestlindo)x)x 50.Inthefourthlineofthisexchangethespeakeragrees thatitisabeautifulday.Hesays,'Yes,itis.'You alreadyknow'itis.' est)x)x 51.Andyouhavealreadypracticedtheword'yes. , Asyou sayitagain,remembertomakethevowelnasal. sim)x)x 52.Here,then,isthefourthandfinallineoftheexchange: 'Yes,itis. r Estsim)x)x 53.ThenormalsequenceinPortugueseis'Itis,yes'rather than'Yes,itis.' Estsim)x)x 1.7 8 PORTUGUESE Youarenowreadyforthefirstofaseriesofbrief conversationalexchanges.Theexchangeappearsonthenextpage anditispre-recordedatthispointonthetape.AswithalIthe exchangeswhicharetofollow,wehaverecordedittwice,oncewith apauseaftereachsentence,toenableyoutorepeatwhilethetape isstillrunning,andoncestraightthrough,withoutpauses,soyou canheartheexchangeasabitofnormalcon'lersation.Workthrough therecordedpresentationsseveraltimes,especiallytheonewith pauses,mimickingandpracticingbothrolesuntilyoufeelyouknow thematerialwellenoughtoparticipateinit withyourinstructor inthecheck-outsession.Thengoontoframe54. 1.8 Bomdia. Bomdia. Odiaestlindo. Estsim. PORTUGUESE Exchange#1 1.9 Goodmorning. Goodmorning. Thedayisbeautiful. Yes,itis. 9 10 54. PORTUGUESE Aspartofthenextexchangeoneofthespeakersasksif 'everythingiswell.'Hereisthewordfor'everything.' Donotrepeatit yet. tudo 55.Thefirstsyllableistu-oJustlisten. tu-56.ThissyllablesoundsalotlikeourEnglishword'too.' butthe'tIisdifferent.rfyousayEnglish'too'and putyourhandaboutaninchfromyourmouthyouwillfeel apuffofair.Tryit. toa)x)x 57.ThispuffofairisapartoftheEnglish'tIsoundwhen it comesatthebeginningofaword.SaytheseEnglish wordsandfeeltheairhittingyourhand. tall)x)x tan)x)x tin}x}x ten}x}x toe}x)x too)x)x 58.ThePortuguese'tIdoesnothavethispuffofair.Try tosaythefollowingPortuguesesyllableswithoutit. ta to tu )x )x )x 1.10 )x )x )x PORTUGUESE 11 59.Adegreeofcontrolisrequiredtokeeptheairflowin check.Practicethesyllablesagain. ta to tu )x )x )x )x )x )x 60.Hereagainistheword'everything.'Sayit withoutthe puffofaironthe't.' tudo)x)x 61.ThesecondsyllableismuchlikeourEnglishword'do.' tudo)x)x 62.Nowlistentotheword'well.'Donotrepeatityet. 63.Wecanapproachthepronunciationoftheword'well'via theEnglishword'bay.'First,saytheEnglishword'bay.' bay)x)x 64.Second,pronouncejustthe'-ay'portionof'bay.' -ay)x)x 65.Third,saythe'-ay'with nasalization.Mimiccarefully. nasalized-ay)x)x 66.Finally,putabsoundinfrontofthenasalized'-ay.' ThisshouldgiveyouthePortugueseword'well.' bplusnasalized-ay)x)x 67Continuetomimicthewordasyounowseeitforthefirst time. bem)x)x 1.11 12 68. PORTUGUESE Seeingthewaythewordiswrittenmighttemptyouto pronounceit withanmsound.Thereisnomsound. Continuetomimic. bem)x)x 69.Now1etusputtudoandbemtogethersothatwecanask 'Iseverythingwe11?'or'Iseverythingokay?' Tudobem?)x)x 70.Noverbisneededinthisexpression.Observethatin Eng1ishtoowecandowithouttheverb:'Everythingokay?' Tudobem?)x}x 71.Theresponsetothisquestionis1ike1ytoconsistofthe verysamewordsde1iveredasastatement:'Everything(is) fine. ' Tudobem)x)x 1.12 Bomdia. Bomdia. Tudobem? Tudobem. PORTUGUESE Exchange'# 2 1.13 Goodmorning. Goodmorning. Iseverythingokay? Everythingisokay. 13 14 72. PORTUGUESE Ause fuIvariationintheaboveexchangeistohavethe secondspeakerrespondwithISO-SOlratherthan'Everything isfine.'InPortugueseISO-SOlissaidliterallyas'more orless.'First,justlistentothephrase'moreorless.' 73.Hereistheword'more.'Listenandrepeat. )x)x 74.Hereistheword'or.' 75. )x)x Nowweputthemtogether:'Moreor soundbetweenthetwowords. ) x) x 76.Andfinallyhereistheword'less.' )x)x Noticethez 77.Nowwehavethecompletephrase:'Moreorless.' ) x) x 78.Thisiswhatthephrase100kslike. a.mais ....)x Besureyoupronounceazsoundhere. b.maisou .... c.maisoumenos )x )x 1.14 )x Bomdia. Bomdia. Tudobem? r1aisoumenos. PORTUGUESE Exchange1=1=3 1.15 Goodmorning. Goodmorning. Everythingokay? So-so(moreorless). 15 16 PORTUGUESE 79.Sofarourexchangeshaveconcentratedongreetingsinthe morning.Inthenextexchangewewilldirectourselvesto theafternoon.Hereistheword'afternoon.'Listen,but donotmimicyet. tarde 80.Thefirstsyllableofthewordistar-.Justlisten. tar-81.Thepronunciationofanrattheendofasyllablevaries abitfromregiontoregion.Manyspeakerspronounceitin awaythatsuggestsastrongEnglish~sound,thatis,an hsoundwithabitoffrictionorraspingaddedtoit. Trytomimicthatpronunciationhere. tar- )x)x 82.Thatisthepronunciationwewilluseintheseframes. Mimicitagain. tar- )x)x 83.Thesecondsyllableis-de.Justlisten. -de 84.Theconsonantsoundhereistheisoundof'jeep,'orthe dgof'fudge.' -de)x)x 85.Manyspeakerswillhaveadsoundhere,muchlikeour English,butforthemomentwewillaskyoutousethe iof'jeep'orthedgor'fudge.'Mimicagain. -de)x)x 86.Herearebothsyllables,formingthewordfor'afternoon.' tarde)x 1.16 )x PORTUGUESE 17 87.Thewordtarderequiresadifferentformofthewordfor 'good.'Wecannotusetheformbom.Insteadweusethe formboa.Justlisten. boa 88.Thereisnonasalvowelinboa.Mimicwhatyouhear. boa)x)x 89.Hereisthecompletephrase'Goodafternoon. , boatarde)x)x 90.Thepersonaddressedislikelytorespondwiththesame greeting. boatarde)x)x 91.Inapreviousexchangewesaidthatthedaywasbeautiful. 92. 93. 94. Herewewillsaythattheafternoonisbeautiful.Hereis 'theafternoon.' atarde)x)x Asyousaytheword'beautiful'remembertomakethefirst vowelnasal. linda)x)x Noticethatthewordinthisinstanceislindaandnot lindo. linda)x)x Hereisthesentence:'Theafternoonisbeautiful. , Atarde..........)x Atardeest)x Atardeestlinda)x)x 1.17 18PORTUGUESE 95.Theresponsetothatsentenceistrans1atab1eas'It certain1yis,'or'Itis,indeed.'Hereisthewordwhich servesastheequiva1entof'certain1y'or'indeed.' mesmo )x)x 96.Noticethezsoundinmesmo. mesmo)x)x 97. Andhereistheresponse: 'It certain1yis.' Estmesmo )x)x 1.18 Boatarde. Boatarde. Atardeestlinda. Estmesmo. PORTUGUESE 19 Exchange"#4 1.19 Goodafternoon. Goodafternoon. Theafternoonisbeautifu1. Itcertain1yis. 20 98. PORTUGUESE Nowwewi11goontoanappropriategreetingforevening ornight.Hereisthefirstsy11ab1eofthewordfor 'night. ' ) x) x 99.Hereisthewho1eword. )x)x 100.Hereiswhatthewordfor'night'100ks1ike. noite)x)x 101.Thewordcanbepronouncedwitha~sound,asabove,orit canbepronouncedwithasoundresemb1ingthechof'cheese', noite)x)x 102.Eitherwayiscorrect,butforthemomentwewillaskyou tousethechof'cheese.' noite)x)x 103.Youalreadyknowtheproperformfor'good.' boa) x) x 104.Sohereisthegreeting'Goodevening.' boanoite)x)x 105.Thepersonrespondingtothisgreetingislikelytousethe samegreetinginreturno boanoite)x)x 106.Inthenextexchangethefirstspeakerwantstoknowifit israining.Listentothewordfor'raining.' 107.Mimicthefirstsyllableoftheword. ) x) x 1.20 PORTUGUESE 21 108.Mimicthesecondsyllable.Thevowelhereisnasal. )x)x 109.Hereisthethirdsy11ab1e. )x)x 110.Nowmimicthewho1eword. )x)x 111.Hereiswhattheword'raining'100ks1ike. chovendo)x)x 112.Noticethatthechspe11ingca11sforanshpronunciation. chovendo)x)x 113.Trytomakethesecondvowe1nasalandtrynottopronounce ann. ven ... chovendo )x )x 114.Wea1readyknowtheword'is.' est)x 115.Sowecanask'Isit raining?' Estchovendo?)x )x )x )x )x 116.Theanswerisonethatyouhaveseenbefore: Estsim)x)x 'Yes,it is.' 117.Or,asavariation,anddependingontheweather,theanswer mightwe11be'No,itisnot.'Inthisframe1istento thePortuguesewordthatservesforboth'no'and'not.' Donotrepeatityet. 1.21 22 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. PORTUGUESE Nowlet'spronouncetheword.First,sayan~sound followedbyanasalizeduhsound.Besureyounasalize theuh.Mimiccarefully. n+nasalizeduh)x)x Now,proceedtoaddausoundtotheabove,andcontinue thenasalization. gp1usnasalizeduhp1usnasa1ized~)x}x TheabovemaneuversshouldgiveyouthePortugueseword thatservesforboth'no'and'not.'Mimictheword again. }x)x Hereiswhatthewordlookslike. nao)x)x Andhereisthealternateanswer,'No,itisnot.' No,noest)x}x 123.ThefirstnocorrespondstoEnglish'no,'thesecondto English'not.' No,noest}x)x 1.22 Boanoite. Boanoite. Estchovendo? Estsim. PORTUGUESE Exchange#5 1.23 Goodevening. Goodevening. Isitraining? Yes,itis. 23 24 Boanoite. Boanoite. Estchovendo? No,noest. PORTUGUESE Exchange#.6 1.24 Goodevening. Goodevening. Isitraining? No,it'snoto PORTUGUESE Unit2 Part1 1.Hereisaneasyphrasewhichoftenservesasagreeting. Itmeans'Howareyou?',or'Howgoesit?'.Just1isten. 2.Thefirstwordmeans'how.'Mimictheword. ) x) x 3.Thesecondword1itera11ymeans'goes.'Mimictheword. ) x) x 4.Thetwowordstogethermean'Howareyou(going) ?' ,or 'Howgoesit?' .Thisisagreeting. )x)x 5.Hereiswhatthewordslook1ike. Comovai?)x)x 25 6.Acommonresponsetothisgreetingis'vJe11,thanks. , You a1readyhavethewordfor'we11.' bem)x)x 7.Listentothewordfor'thanks. ' 8.Hereitissy11ab1ebysy11ab1e.Just1isten. 1. 2. 3. 4. Together: 2.1 26 PORTUGUESE 9.Nowmimictheword. 1. )x 2. )x 3.)x 4.)x Together:)x)x 10.Thisiswhatitlookslike. obrigado)x)x 11.rfyouaremale,youwil1saythewordasit wasjustgiven. rfyouarefema1e,youwi11sayitlikethis. obrigada )x)x 12.Here,then,is'We1l,thanks, , saidbyama1e. Bemobrigado )x)x 13.Andsaidbyafemale. Bemobrigada )x)x 2.2 Bomdia. Bomdia. Comovai? Bemobrigada. Boatarde. Boatarde. Comovai? Bemobrigado. PORTUGUESE Exchange#1 Exchange#2 2.3 Goodmorning. Goodmorning. Howareyou? Fine,thanks. Goodafternoon. Goodafternoon. How'sitgoing? Fine,thanks. 27 28 PORTUGUESE 14.'You'issaidseveralwaysinPortuguese.Hereisoneway. Justlisten. 15.Therearethreesyllablesinthatexpression.Observeand listen,butdonotrepeatyet. 1. o 2. se-3.-nhor Together:osenhor 16.Mimicthefirstsyllable.Itissimplyausound. o)x)x 17.Nowmimicthesecondsyllable. se- )x)x 18.Andthethirdsyllable. -nhor)x)x 19.ThenhofthethirdsyllableresemblesthegnoftheEnglish orFrenchwordcognac. -nhor)x)x 20.Thervariesabit.FormanyPortuguesespeakersitisa soundwhichissimilartoastrongEnglishhsound.That isthepronunciationweareusingintheseframes. -nhor)x)x 21.Nowletusputthethreesyllablestogether. osenhor)x)x 2.4 PORTUGUESE 29 22.Whatyouhavebeenpracticingisthewaytosay'you'when youareaddressingamano osenhor)x)x 23.Whenaddressingawomanthecorrespondingexpressionisa bitdifferent.Justlisteninthisframe. 24.Hereistheexpressionsyllablebysyllable.Observeand listen,butdonotmimicyet. 1.a 2.se-3.-nho-4.-ra Together:asenhora 25.Thethirdsyllablebeginswiththe'gn'soundof'cognac.' Justlisten. 3.-nho-26.Thevowelsoundin-nho- islikethevowelsoundinthe Englishword'paws.'Now,mimicthissequence,maintainins thesamevowelsoundthroughout. 1. paws )x)x 2.aw)x)x 3.-nho- )x)x 4.senho- )x)x 5.asenho- )x)x 6.asenhora)x)x 2.5 30 27. PORTUGUESE Therofthelastsyllableisaquickflapofthetongue againstthefrontoftheroofofthemouth.Itisthesame soundwearelikelytohearinEnglishwordssuchas 'gotta','buddy',and'caddy'.MimicthefollowingEnglish wordsastheyaresaidonLhetapeandnoticewhathappens toyourtongueasyourunoverthetandthed. buddy)xghetto)xnitty-gritty)x baddy)xbatty)xshould'a)x caddy woody )x )x catty auto )x )x would'a ought'a )x )x 28.ThisflapofthetongueistherofPortuguesesenhora. Maintainthatflapasyoumimicthissequence. (Engllsh)ought'a -ora -nhora senhora asenhora )x )x )x )x )x 29.Nowrepeatthetwoformsfor'you.' osenhor asenhora )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x 30.Wecanusetheformsfor'you'intheqreetingswehavebeen practlcing.Wecanaddthemtocomovai? Comovaiosenhor? Comovaiasenhora? 2.6 )x )x )x )x PORTUGUESE Exchange-#3 Comovaiosenhor? Bemobrigado. Exchanget:t.4 Comovaiasenhora? Bemobrigada. 2.7 Howareyou? Fine,thanks. Howareyou? Fine,thanks. 31 32 31. PORTUGUESE Wecanalsophrasethegreetinglikethis: osenhorvaibem? Asenhoravaibem? )x )x )x )x 32.ThisgreetingliterallyasksIAreyou(going)well?IThe responsetoit mayincludetheformforIIgolorIIam going,Iwhichisvou.Mimiccarefully. vou)x)x 33.TheresponsecouldthusbeIYes,Iam(goingwell). I Vousim)x)x 2.8 osenhorvaibem? Vousim. Asenhoravaibem? Vousim. PORTUGUESE Exchange#5 Areyouwell? Yes,Iam. Exchange#6 2.9 Areyouwell? Yes,Iam. 33 34PORTUGUESE 34.Theexpression'verywe11'oftenfindsitswayintothese greetings.Theword'very'requiressomespecia1attention. First,mimicthisitem. moo-i)x)x 35.Now,nasa1izethevowe1s. m-I)x)x 36.Don't1etit dragouttoomuch. mI)x)x 37.Nowaddthesy11ab1e-to. mI-to)x)x 38.Thatwastheword'very. , Hereiswhatitrea11ylooks 1ike. muito)x)x 39.Nowyoucansay'verywe11. , muitobem)x)x 40.Youwi11needthewordfor'and'inthenextsevera1 exchanges.Hereis'and.' )x)x 41.Thisiswhat'and'looks1ike. e)x)x 42.Nowyoucanask'Andyou?'aspartofyourgreeting. easenhora? eosenhor? )x )x 2.10 )x )x PORTUGUESE Exchange#7 osenhorvaibem? Vousim,easenhora? Muitobem,obrigada. Exchange#8 Comovaiasenhora? Areyougoinwe11? Yes,Iam,andyou? Verywe11,thanks. 35 Muitobem,obrigada.Eosenhor? Muitobem,obrigado. 2.11 Howareyou? Verywe11,thanks,andyou? Verywe11,thanks. 36 PORTUGUESE Exchange#9 Cornovaiosenhor? Voumuitobem,obrigado. Eosenhor? Muitobem. 2.12 Howareyoudoing? rimdoingverywe11,thanks, andyou? Verywe11. PORTUGUESE 37 43.Listentothisitem,whichisthewordfor'until.' at 44.Repeatthefirstsyllable. a- )x)x 45.Repeatthesecondsyllable.Trytoavoidapuffofairon the't.' -t)x)x 46.Thevowelofthesecondsyllableissimilartothe ~ of English'set. ' -)x)x at)x)x 47.Weareleadingyoutosay'Untillater. , InPortuguese, 'later'isliterallytheequivalentof'morelate. , You alreadyknowthewordfor'more. , mais)x)x 48.Andyouknowthewordfor'late,'whichisalsotheword for'afternoon.' tarde)x)x 49.Therefore,'later'ismaistarde. maistarde)x)x 50.Nowlet'sprecedetheabovewithat,'until,'inorderto say'untillater.' atmaistarde)x)x 2.13 38 PORTUGUESE 51.Atmaistardeisoneofseveralphrasesthatare appropriatewhendepartingsomeone'scompany.Insuch circumstancesit expressestheidea'Seeyoulater. , atmaistarde)x)x 52.Listentothisitem. logo 53.Repeatthefirstsyllable.The 2-issimilartothe ~ of English'paws'or'laws. 'Mimiccarefully. 10- )x)x S4.Repeatthesecondsyllable. -go)x)x 55.Repeattheword. logo)x)x 56.Nowprecedeit withat. atlogo)x)x 57.Theabovephraseisanotherwaytoexpresstheidea'See youlater.' atlogo)x)x 58.Nowlistentothewordfor'tomorrow.' amanh 59.Mimicthefirstsyllable. a- )x)x 60.Mimicthesecondsyllable. -ma- )x)x 2.14 PORTUGUESE 39 61.Thenhofthethirdsyllableissimilartothe~soundof 'cognac.'Thevowelisnasal.Mimiccarefully. -nh)x)x 62.Trythethirdsyllableagain.Thenasalvowelmightbe describedasanasalized'uh.' -nh) x) x 63.Nowmimicthewholeword. amanh)x)x 64.Precedeit withatandyouwillsay'Untiltomorrow. I atamanh)x)x 65.Nowwhenyouleavesomebodyyoucansay'r'llseeyou tomorrow.I atamanh)x)x 2.15 40 AtlogoLinda. AtlogoAfonso. AtamanhLinda. AtamanhAfonso. Atmaistarde. PORTUGUESE Exchange#- 10 Seeyoulater,Linda. Seeyoulater,Afonso. Exchange-#11 Seeyoutomorrow,Linda. Seeyoutomorrow,Afonso. Exchange-#12 Atmaistarde?!No,atamanh. 2.16 SeeVoulater. Seeyoulater?!No,seeyou tomorrow. PORTUGUESE Unit2 Part2 66.Inthenextfewexchangesyouwillbeusingtheword 'married.'First,listentotheword. 67.Nowrepeatitsyllablebysyllable. 68.This 69.The 1. 2. 3. Together: iswhat ca--sa-do-Together: the )x )x )x )x word )x )x )x casado aboveformisthe )x 'married'lookslike. )x)x appropriateformwhen Mimic. referringto 41 males.Whenreferringtofemalestheformhasadifferent ending. 1.ca-2.-sa-3.-da )x )x )x Together:casada)x 70.Hereishowyousaytismarried.' casado casada )x )x 2.17 )x )x )x referringtoamale referringtoafemale PORTUGUESE ~ 2 71.Inthisinstancetheverb tis' is. )x)x 72.Theverbformisasinglevowelsound,thevowelsound whichissimilartothe ~ of'bed. 'Again,mimiccarefully. )x)x 73.Hereagainisthephrase tis married. , casado)x)xamale ecasada)x)xafemale 74.Nowyoucansay,forexample,'Afonsoismarried. , Afonsocasado)x)x 75.Andyoucansay'Lindaismarried.' Lindacasada)x)x 76.Theverbeisalsotheformthatacco:rnpaniesosenhor andasenhora,inwhichcaseittranslatesas'are. , So youcanalsosay'Youaremarried. , Osenhorcasado)x)x Asenhoracasada)x)x 77.Bychangingtheintonationonthetwopreviousitemsyou canmakequestionsoutofthem. Osenhorcasado?)x)x Asenhoracasada?)x)x 78.Theanswertothesequestionswillmorethanlikely involvetheverbformfor 'I am. , Hereitis. sou)x)x 2.18 PORTUGUESE 43 79.Theformsourhymeswiththeformvou.Donotconfuse them. , I gol vou)x)x , I am'sou)x)x 80.Soyoucananswerthequestionbysaying'Yes,Iam. , Sousim)x)x 81. Noticethewordorder: 'Iam,yes.' Sousim )x)x 82.Ortheanswermightbe'No,Iamnoto , No,naosou )x)x 83.Thefirstnao,is'no, , thesecondis'noto , No,naosou )x)x 2.19 44 PORTUGUESE Exchanget:t.13 osenhorecasado? Sousim. (or) No,nosou. Areyoumarried? Yes,ramo (or) No,rimnoto Exchanget:t14 Asenhoracasada? Sousim. (or) No,nosou. 2.20 Areyoumarried? Yes,ramo (or) No,rimnoto ALindacasada? * No,no. oAlonsocasado?* ~sim. PORTUGUESE Exchange#15 IsLindamarried? No,she'snoto Exchange#16 IsAlonsomarried? Yes,heis. 45 *Thedefinitearticlesfrequentlvaccompanynames.ThePortuguese speakerliterallysays'the Alonso'and'theLinda,'etc. 2.21 46 84. PORTUGUESE Theresponsemightalsoincludethewordfor'single.' Listentotheword'single'syllablebysyllable.Donot mimicyet. 1. 2. 3. Together: 85.Thisiswhattheword'single'lookslike.Mimic. 86. 87. 88. 89. Be in The to sol--tei-ro-Together: suretherisa )x )x )x ){ flapped !:., )x thesamekindof senhora.Compare. senhora)x)x solteiro)x)x wordsolteiroistheappropriateformwhen amale. solteiro)x)x !:. thatis rE'ferring Whenreferringtoafemale,thewordhasadifferentending Your solteira)x answer,then,mightbe No,sousolteiro (or) No,sousolteira 2.22 )x 'No,I' msingle. , )x)x )x)x PORTUGUESE Exchange'# 17 osenhorcasado? No,sousolteiro. Asenhoracasada? No,sousolteira. osenhorcasado? ____Areyoumarried? _____No,rimsingle. Exchanget:t18 Areyoumarried? No,rimsingle. Exchange#19 No.nosou.Sousolteiro. Areyoumarried? No,rimnotorimsingle. 2.23 47 48 PORTUGUESE Exchange#20 Osenhorsolteiro? No,nosou.Soucasado. Areyousingle? No,rimnot,rimmarried. Exchange#- 21 Asenhoraesolteira? Sousim. ALindacasada? t:sim. Areyousingle? Yes,ramo Exchange#22 rsLindamarried? Yes,sheis. 2.24 PORTUGUESE Exchange#23 oAfonsosolteiro? No,no. 2.25 IsAfonsosingle? No,he' sn o t ~ 49 so 90. PORTUGUESE rfyoureceivetheresponse'r'mmarried,'yournextquestion islikelytobe'Doyouhaveanychildren?'Listentothe word'chi ldren. ' 91.Hereisthefirstsyllableoftheword.Mimic. fi- )x)x 92.Thesecondsyllablebeginswithaconsonantthatresembles thelliof'William.'Listencarefullyandmimicthe secondsyllable. ) x) x 93.Hereiswhatthesecondsyllablelookslike. -lhos)x)x 94.Andhereisthewholeword. fillt6s) x) x 95.Youalsoneedtoknowhowtosay'have.'Hereisthe properformoftheverb'have.' tem 96.Thewordrhymeswithbem.Mimic. bem) x) x tem) x) x 97.Trytopronouncethetwithlittleornopuffofair. tem) x) x 98.Nowyoucanask'Doyouhave(any)children?' OBenhortemfilhos?)x)x (or) Asenhoratemfilhos?)x)x 2.26 PORTUGUESE 99.Inordertoanswer,youneedtheverbformfor'Ihave.' Listentoit. 100.Listentoitsyllablebysyllable. 1. 2. Together: 51 101.Hereisthefirstsyllable.Trytomimicit withoutapuff ofaironthetsound. te- )x)x 102.Hereisthesecondsyllable.Mimicit.Thenhresembles the~of'cognac.' -nho)x)x 103.Nowmimicthewholeword.Remember,it means'Ihave. , tenho)x)x 104.Theresponse,then,mightbe'Yes,Ido(have).' Tenhosim)x)x 105.Noticethewordorder:'Ihave,yes. , Tenhosim)x)x 106.Orit mightbe'No,Idonot(have) . , No,notenho)x)x 107.Thefirstnois'no,'thesecondis'not.' No,notenho)x)x 108.TheformtemalsogoeswithAlonso,Linda,etc.Soyou canask,'DoesLindahavechildren?' Lindatemfilhos?)x)x 2.27 PORTUGUESE 52 109.Andyoucananswer,'Yes,shedoes.' Temsim )x)x Exchangeti 24 ~senhoratemfilhos? No,notenho. 2.28 Doyouhavechildren? No,Idon't. PORTUGUESE Exchange#25 Osenhortemfilhos? Tenhosim. Exchange:#26 OAfonsotemfilhos? Doyouhaveanychildren? Yes,Ido. 53 No,notem.Afonsosolteiro. Exchange#27 ALindatemfilhos? Temsim. 2.29 DoesAfonsohavechildren? No,hedoesn't.Afonsois single. DoesLindahavechildren? Yes,shedoes. 54 110. PORTUGUESE Inthenextexchangetheresponsewillcontinuewith'I havetwodaughters.'Hereisthewordfor'daughter.' filha)x)x 111.Noticethatthewordiscloselyrelatedtothewordfor , chi ldren. ' filhos)x)x filha)x)x 112.rindhereis'twodaughters. , duasfilhas)x)x 113.Mimic'two'again. duas )x)x 114.Mimic'twodaughters'again. duasfilhas )x)x 115.Nowyoucancompletetheresponsewith'Ihavetwo daughters. ' Tenhoduasfilhas)x)x 2.30 PORTUGUESE Exchange#.28* osenhortemfilhos? Tenhosim.Tenhoduasfilhas. Exchange#29 ALindatemfilhos? No,notem. Doyouhaveanychildren? Yes,Ido.Ihavetwo daughters. 55 DoesLindahaveanychildren? No,shedoesn't. *Youwilllearnmoreaboutadoptingthisresponsetoyourown particularsituationinalaterunit. 2.31 56 PORTUGUESE 116.Inthenextsetofexchangesyouwillbeasking'Whichis theolder(one)?'and'Whichistheyounger(one)?'Here isthewordfor'which.'Donotmirnicyet. Qual 117.Asyournirnictheword,noticethatthe!soundisvery closetoawsound.ThishappenswhenQualstandsalone. Qual)x)x 118.However,thewsoundislostandthe1soundslikean1 whenQualisfollowedbyavowelsound.Thisisthecase inthephraseQual.Thephrasemeans'Whichis?' Qual ...? e.)x)x 119.Besuretornaketheverbsoundliketheeof'bed. ' Qual?)x)x'Whichis?' 120.Nowlistentotheword'old'asitisusedinreference toafernale.Donotrepeatit yet. 121.Hereit issyllablebysyllable. 1. 2. Together: 122.Mirnicthefirstsyllable.Thevowelisthe~of'bed.' ve- )x) x 123.Thesecondsyllablebeginswiththesoundwhichis rerniniscentofthe11soundintheEnglishword'William.' Mimicthesyllable. -lha)x)x 2.32 PORTUGUESE 57 124.Nowmimictheword'old.' velha)x)x 125.Inordertosay'theolder'yousay'themoreold.'You alreadyknowtheword'more.' mais)x)x 126.Soyoucannowsay'themoreold'or'theolder.' amaisvelha)x)x 127.AndbystartingwithQual,youcanask'Whichisthe older(one)?1 Qual Qualamaisvelha? )x )x )x )x 128.From'old'wegoto'young.'Hereistheword'young.' nova)x)x 129.TheQofnovashou1dsound1iketheaofEng1ish'paws.' p ~ w s) x) x no- )x)x 130.Mimicthewordagain. nova)x)x 131.'Theyounger'issaidliterallyas'themoreyoung.' amaisnova)x)x 132.Youcannowask'Whichistheyounger(one)?' Qualamaisnova?)x)x 133.Intheupcomingexchanges'Maria'istheyoungerone. Mimicthename'Maria.' Maria)x)x 2.33 PORTUGUESE 58 134.rfthef1apped~givesyoutroub1e,trythefo11owing sequence.First,saytheEng1ish'muddy.' muddy)x)x 135.Now,putthestress(accent)onthesecondsy11ab1e,i.e. onthe-dy,asthevoiceonthetapewi11nowdo.Mimic. muddy)x)x 136.Fina11y,attachthevowe1-atotheend. muddy-a)x)x 137.Thatbitoftrickeryoughttogiveyousomethingreasonab1y c10setothepronunciationofMaria. Maria)x)x 138.Nowyouarepreparedtosay'Mariaistheyoungerone. , Hereisthefirstparto AMaria...)x)x 139.Andhereisthewho1esentence. AMariaamaisnova)x)x 140.MariaistheyoungerandSandraistheolder.Listento thename'Sandra.' Sandra 141.Thefirstsy11ableofSandrahasanasalvowelinit,but it hasnonsound.Mimiccarefully.Makethevowelnasal. San- )x)x 142.Thesecondsyllablehastheflapped~comingrightafter ad.The~maybeabitmoredifficulttopronouncein thislocation. -dra)x)x 2.34 PORTUGUESE 143.Nowmimicthecompletename. Sandra)x)x 144.Youarenowabletosay'Sandraistheolder(one).' ASandra ASandraamaisvelha 2.35 )x )x )x )x 59 60 PORTUGUESE Exchange#30 Qualamaisnova? AMariaamaisnova. Whichistheyoungerone? Mariaistheyoungerone. Exchange-#31 Eamaisnova? AMariaamaisnova. Andtheyoungerone? Mariaistheyoungerone. Exchange:#32 Qualamaisvelha? ASandraamaisvelha. 2.36 Whichistheolder? Sandraistheolderone. PORTUGUESE 61 145.Listentothequestion'Whatishername?' 146.Thefirstpartofthatphraseisawordyoualreadyknow, theword'how.' corno)x)x 147.Thesecondpartisnew.Mimiccarefully. sechama)x)x 148.Literallyit means'callsherself. r sechama)x)x 149.Besurethatyougiveansh-typesoundtothechofchama, asyoudidearlierwithchovendo.Compare. chovendo chama )x )x )x )x 150.InCornosechama?youareasking' ~ o wdoesshecall herself?'i.e.,'Whatishername?' Cornosechama?)x)x 151.Nowyouareequippedtoaskthelongerquestion'Andthe youngerone,whatishername?' Eamaisnova,comosechama?)x)x 152.Intheresponsethetwoelements'sechama'arereversed. Chama-se)x)x 153.Thehyphenisawritingconventionthatneednotconcern usatthispoint.Justmimic. Chama-se)x)x 154.Hereisthecompleteresponse:'HernameisMaria.' Chama-seMaria()x)x 2.37 62 PORTUGUESE Exchange1+33 Eamaisnova,comosechama? Chama-seMaria. Exchange#.34 Comosechamaamaisvelha? Chama-seSandra. 2.38 Andtheyoungerane,what's hername? HernameisMaria. What'sthenameofthealder one? HernameisSandra. PORTUGUESE 63 Unit3 1.Severalwordsthusfarpresentedhaveaflapped'r'between vowels.Practicethosewordsagain. senhora solteiro Maria )x )x )x )x )x )x 2.Hereisanothercommonlyheardnamethathasthesameflapped 'r'betweenvowels. Yara)x)x 3.Ifyouhavetroublewiththe~ ,trysayingEnglish'atta,' asin'Attaboy!' Atta)x)x 4.NowifyouprefixaYandchangethefirstvoweltothe appropriatePortuguesevowel,youshouldcomeoutwitha goodpronunciationof'Yara.' Yara)x)x 5.Inthenextexchangewearegoingtoask'DoyouknowYara?' Thisrequiresaparticularformoftheverb'know.'Here istheformo 6.Hereitisbysyllables. 1. 2. 3. Toqether: 3.1 64 PORTUGUESE 7.Mimicthefirstsyllable. co- )x)x 8.Thesecondsyllablebeginswiththegnsoundof'cognac.' Thevowelissimilartotheeof'bed.' -nhe- )x)x 9.Hereisthefinalsyllable. -ce)x)x 10.Nowmimicthewholeword. conhece)x)x 11.Nowyoucanask'DoyouknowYara?' OsenhorconheceaYara? AsenhoraconheceaYara? )x )x )x )x 12.Inordertoanswerthatquestionyouneedtohavetheform oftheverbthatcorrespondsto'Iknow.'Hereisthat form,syllablebysyllable. 1. 2. 3. Together: 13.Nowmimic. 1.co- )x)x 2.-nhe- )x)x 3.-o)x)x 14.Theprintedsymbol ~ alwaysrepresentsan ~ sound. -o)x)x 3.2 PORTUGUESE 15.Herearethesvllablestogether.Thisistheverbform thatcorrespondsto'Iknow.' conheo)x)x 16.Nowyoucananswer'Yes,Iknow(her) . , Conheosim)x)x 17.Thereisnoneedfortheword'her'inthisresponse. answeris'Iknow,yes. , Conheosim)x)x 18.Youcanalsoanswer'No,Idonotknow(her) . , No,noconheo)x)x 3.3 65 Your 66 PORTUGUESE Exchange1=/- 1 AsenhoraconheceaYara? Conheosim. DoyouknowYara? Yes,Ido. Exchangeti 2 osenhorconheceaMaria? No,noconheo. 3.4 DoyouknowMaria? No,Idon't. PORTUGUESE 67 19.Youcanamplifyyourresponsewithsuchphrasesas'She's ateacher,friend, ,etc.Wewillintroduceinformationof thissortintheseframes.First,hereistheword 'teacher. ' professora)x 2).Noticetheflapped~in-ora. -ora professora )x )x )x )x )x 21.The~inthefirstsyllable,pro-,isalsoflapped.Coming justafterthepasitdoes,andnotbetweenvowels,itmay beabitmoredifficultforyoutosay.Mimicaswellas youcano pro-professora )x )x )x )x 22.Hereisthewordfor'she.'First,justlisten. ela 23.Nowmimicthefirstsyllable,e-oThevowelsoundislike the~of'bed.' e- )x)x 24.Mimicthesecondsyllable. -la)x)x 25.Nowsaythewholeword. ela)x)x 26.Repeatthephrase'Sheis ela...)x)x 3.5 68PORTUGUESE 27.Nowyoucansay'Sheisateacher.' Elaprofessora)x)x 28.NoticethatPortuguesedoesnotincludeanindefinite articlehere,awordcorrespondingtoEnglish'a.' Elaprofessora)x)x 29.Besurethevowelof(theverb'is')issimilartothe ~of'bed.' )x Elaeprofessora 30.Hereistheword'my.' minha)x )x )x )x )x 31.Onceagain,thenhisreminiscentofthegnof'cognac.' minha)x)x :32.Nowyoucansay'myteacher. , minhaprofessora ()x}x 33.Manytimesthedefinitearticlewillprecede.Thusyoumay hear,andsay: aminhaprofessora ()x}x 34.Hereisthesentence'She'smyteacher. , Elaaminhaprofessora)x}x 3.6 PORTUGUESE Exchange1=1- 3 AsenhoraconheceaYara? Conheosim.Elaprofessora. Exchanget=I4 osenhorconheceaMaria? 69 DoyouknowYara? Yes,Ido.She'sateacher. Conheosim.Elaaminhaprofessora. DoyouknowMaria? Yes,Ido.She'smyteacher. 3.7 70 PORTUGUESE 35.Youmaywanttosay'ourteacher.'Hereistheappropriate formof'our.' nossa)x)x 36.Noticethesoundofo.Itislikethe ~ ofEnglish'paws. ' paws )x)x no- )x)x nossa)x)x 37.Nowmimic'ourteacher. , nossaprofessora)x)x 38.Onceagainthedefinitearticlemayprecede. anossaprofessora)x)x 39.Hereisthesentence'She'sourteacher. , Elaanossaprofessora)x)x Exchange1+5 Asenhoraconhece~Yara? Conheosim.Elaanossaprofessora. DoyouknowYara? Yes,Ido.She'sourteacher. 3.8 PORTUGUESE 71 40.Hereistheword'friend, , asappliedtoafemalefriend. amiga)x)x 41.Nowyoucansay'She'smyfriend. , Elaminhaamiga)x)x 42.And'She'sourfriend. , Elanossaamiga)x)x 3.9 72 PORTUGUESE Exchange#6 osenhorconheceaYara? Conheosim.Elanossaamiga. DoyouknowYara? Yes,Ido.She'sourfriend. Exchange#7 AsenhoraconheceaMaria? Conheosim.Elaminhaamiga. DoyouknowMaria? Yes,Ido.She'smyfriend. 3.10 PORTUGUESE 43.Youmightalsoanswerwithawordwhichtranslatesas 'certainly.'Hereistheword'certainly.' claro)x)x 44.Onceagainwehaveaflapped~betweenvowels. -aro)x)x claro)x)x 45.Nowyoucananswer'Certainly,sheismyfriend.' 46. Claro,elaminhaamiga)x Or,'Certainly,she'sourteacher.' Claro,elaanossaprofessora 3.11 )x )x)x 73 74 PORTUGUESE Exchange#8 osenhorconheceaYara? Claro,elaaminhaprofessora. DoyouknowYara? Certainly,she'smyteacher. Exchange#9 AsenhoraconheceaYara? Conheoclaro,elaanossaprofessora. 3.12 DoyouknowYara? CertainlyIknowher,she's ourteacher. PORTUGUESE 75 47.Inthenextseveralexchangeswewillmakesome forYaraandMariainthequestion'Doyouknow.... ?'To beginwith,hereisawordmeaning'girl,'or'younglady.' moa)x)x 48.Ifwewanttosay'thatyounglady, ,wecansay: essamoa)x)x 49.Essatranslatesas'that.'Theeofessaisliketheeof 'bed. ' essa essamoa )x )x - -)x )x 50.Nowwecanask,'Doyouknowthatyounglady?'First,just listen. osenhorconheceessamoa? 51.Mimicthelastthreewords. conheceessamoa?)x)x 52.Nowmimictheentiresentence. osenhorconheceessamoa?)x)x 53.Hereisawordfor'youngman.'First,justlisten. rapaz 54.Thiswordgivesusanotheropportunitytopracticether soundthatresemblesanEnglishhsound.Herether atthebeginningofasyllable,ratherthanattheend. First,mimictheEnglishwordlha'saidwithabitmore raspingthanusual. ha)x)x 3.13 76 PORTUGUESE 55.Ho1dontothatraspingsoundasyousaythePortuguese sy11ab1e! : ~ . ra)x)x 56.Nowcontinue,andsaythewordrapaz'youngman.' 57. 58. 59. rapaz Noticethattheword rapaz Hereis'thatyoung esserapaz Notice,theform esserapaz essamoa for )x endsin )x mano , )x 'that' )x )x )x an )x )x is )x )x .. sound...nota ~ sound. esse,notessa.Compare: 60.Nowyouarereadyforthequestion'Doyouknowthatyoung man?'First,just1isten. Asenhoraconheceesserapaz? 61.Mimicthe1astthreewords. conheceesserapaz?)x)x 62.Nowmimictheentirequestiono Asenhoraconheceesserapaz?)x)x 3.14 PORTUGUESE 77 Exchangeti- 10 osenhorconheceessamoa? Conheosim.~aSandra. Doyouknowthatyounggir1? Yes,Ido.It'sSandra. Exchange-#11 Asenhoraconheceesserapaz? No,noconheo. 3.15 Doyouknowthatyoungman? No,Idon't. 78 PORTUGUESE 63.Youknowtheword'daughter.' filha)x)x 64.Hereistheword'son.' fIlho)x)x 65.Hereisthewordfor'friend'whenthefriendisamale friend. amigo)x)x 66.Andhereisthewordfor'teacher'whentheteacherisa maleteacher. professor)x)x 67.Thewordfor'my'changesitsformwhenusedwiththese 'male'persons.Theappropriateformismeu,notminha. First,justlisten. meu 68.Theeuportionofthewordmeuiseasierthanit mayseem. Mimickingthefirstvowelisnoproblem. e)x)x 69.Norismimickingthesecondvowel. u)x)x 70.Nowrunthemtogether. eu)x)x 71.Andprefixanmsound. meu)x)x 72.Nowyoucansay'myson.' meufilho )x)x 3.16 PORTUGUESE 79 73.Youcansay'myfriend'whenthefriendisamalefriend. meuamigo)x)x 74.Andyoucansay'myteacher'whentheteacherisamale teacher. meuprofessor)x)x 75.Thewordfor'our'willhaveadifferentformtoowith theseitems.First,justlisten. nosso 76.Thevowelsoundofno- isthevowelsoundofEnglish 'paws.'Listentoit,andmimicit. no- )x)x 77.Hereisthewholeword. nosso)x)x 78.Nowyoucansay'ourteacher.' nossoprofessor)x)x 79.And'ourfriend.' nossoamigo)x)x 80.Alloftheaboveitemsmaybeprecededbythedefinite articleo. omeufilho)x omeuamigo)x omeuprofessor)x onossoamigo)x onossoprofessor)x onossofilho)x 3.17 80 PORTUGUESE 81.Here,now,isacommonname. Paulo)x)x 82.Takespecialcaretopronouncethefirstsyllablecorrectly. Pau- )x)x 83.Hereisthenameagain. Paulo)x)x 84.Hereisanothercommonname. Lus)x)x 85.Noticethattheireceivesastrongstress. -s)x)x 86.Hereisthenameagain. Lus)x) x 87.Hereisanothercommonname. Marcos)x)x 88.Noticetheg-typepronunciationofthe ~ attheendofthe firstsyllable. Mar- )x)x 89.Hereisthenameagain. Marcos)x)x 90.Youhavehadthepronoun'she. 'Hereisthepronoun'he. , ele)x)x 91.Noticethecontrastbetween'she'and'he. ' ela)x)x ele)x)x 3.18 PORTUGUESE 92.Thefinalvowelsofthetwopronounsaredifferent.In addition,theinitialvowelofelasoundsmuchlikethe 81 ~of'bed,'whiletheinitialvowelofelesoundmorelike the~ofEnglish'say,'butclippedshort,withoutthe glide.Compareagain. ela ele )x )x 3.19 )x )x 82 PORTUGUESE Exchange1112a-f Intheseexchangesthefirstline(thequestion)isconstant. Practicealteringthesecondline(theresponse). Question:Osenhorconheceesserapaz? Responsea)Conheosim,oLus. b)Conheosim,omeuamigoLus. c)Claro,oLus. d)Claro,onossoprofessor! e)Conheo,oMarcos. f)Conheoclaro,oPaulo. Question:Doyouknowthatyoungman? Responsea)Yes,Ido,it'sLus. b)Yes,Ido,it'smyfriend,Lus. c)Certainly,it'sLus. d)Certainly,it'sourteacher! e)Yes,Iknowhim.It'sMarcos. f)CertainlyIknowhim.It'sPaulo. 3.20 PORTUGUESE 83 93.Inthenextfewexchangesyouwillbeasking'Whoisshe (he,it)?'Hereisthewordfor'who?'Justlisten. quem 94.Theword~ ~rhymeswithbemandtem.Mimic. bem)x)x tem)x)x quem)x)x 95.Asyouobserved,thewordquembeginswithaksound. quem)x)x 96.Nowyoucanask'Whoisshe(he,it)? Quem ~ ? e.)x)x 97.Makesuretheverbsoundssimilartothe ~ of'bed. , )x)x Quem)x)x 3.21 84 PORTUGUESE Exchange#.13 osenhorconheceesserapaz? No,quemele? Doyouknowthatyoungman? No,whoishe? Exchange#14 Asenhoraconheceessamoa? No,quemela? 3.22 Doyouknowthatyounggirl? No,whoisshe? Quemesserapaz? ~oPaulo. Quemessamoa? ~aMaria. Quem? PORTUGUESE Exchange"#15 Whoisthatyoungman? It'sPaulo. Exchange1=116 Whoisthatyounggirl? It'sMaria. Exchange1=1=17 ~omeuamigoMarcos. Whoisit? It'smyfriend,Marcos. 3.23 85 86 PORTUGUESE Exchange#18 Quem? tonossoprofessor. Quem? tomeufilho. Whoisit? It'sourteacher. Exchange1=119 3.24 Whoisit? It'smysono PORTUGUESE 87 Unit4 1.Recallthewordfor'tomorrow.' 2. 3. 4. amanh)x)x Recallthatthefinalsyllableofthewordhasanasalvowel. -nh)x)x Thisnasalvowelisacommonone.Youalsocarneacrossit inthefirstsyllableofthenarneSandra. San- )x)x Sandra)x)x Hereitisagaininthefirstsyllableofthewordfor 'bando' ban-banda )x )x )x )x 5.BecauseoftheinfluenceofEnglish,itiseasytothink youhearan~soundinSandraandbanda.Butthereisnone there.Whatyouhearinthefirstsyllableofeachwordis aPortuguesenasalvowel,thesamenasalvowelyouhearin thelastsyllableofamanh.Compare,andmimic. amanh)x)x -a)x)x San- )x)x Sandra)x)x ban- )x)x banda)x)x 4.1 88PORTUGUESE 6.Listenforthesamevowelinthefirstsyllableofthisnew word,theverb'todance. ' danar)x)x 7.Again,theinfluenceofEnglishmayleadyoutothinkthere isannsoundinthefirstsyllable.Butthereisnone there.Whatyouhearisanasalvowel.Mimiccarefully. dan-danar )x )x )x )x 8.Hereareseveralmorewordswithwhichyoucanpracticethis nasalvowel.Wewillnotbotheryouwiththeirmeanings. Ignorethenandconcentrateonthenasalvowel. ando)x dando)x falando)x danando)x quando)x antes)x santos)x tantos)x 9.Nowlistentothewordfor'samba.' samba la.Itisthemthatmaygetinthewayhere.Theinfluenceof Englishmayleadyoutothinkyouhearanmsoundinthisword, butthereisnonethere.Whatyouhearisthesamenasalvowel Listenandmimic. samba)x 4.2 )x PORTUGUESE 89 11.Hereisanothername.Ithasthissamenasalvowel.Just listen. Santos 12.Mimicthefirstsyllableofthename. San- )x)x 13.Nowmimicbothsyllables. Santos)x)x 14.Hereisanothernamewiththesamenasalvowel.Just :isten. ngela 15.Thenasalvowelisinthefirstsyllable.Listenandmimic. n- )x)x 16.ThesecondsyllablebeginswiththessoundofEnglish andorthesoundof 'azure.'Mimiccarefully. -ge- )x)x 17.Besurevoudonotsaythe i soundofEnglish'job, , 'Jack, , etc.Mimicthesyllableagain. -ge- )x)x 18.Nowsaythewholename. ngela)x)x 4.3 90 Quemessamoa? :t:aSandra. PORTUGUESE Exchange#1 Exchange#.2 Osenhorconheceessamoa? Conheosim.:t:angela. Whoisthatgirl? It'sSandra. Doyouknowthatgirl? Yes,Ido.It'sngela. Exchanget:t:.3 Quemesserapaz?Asenhoraconhece? Claro.:t:oSantos. 4.4 Whoisthatyoungman?Do youknowhim? Certainly.It'sSantos. PORTUGUESE 91 19.Observeandmimicthisitem. doMarcos)x)x 20.Theaboveitemmeans Iof Marcos. , doMarcos)x)x 21.Nowobserveandmimicthisitem. afilhado~ a r c o s)x)x 22.Theaboveitemliterallymeans'thedaughterofMarcos. ' IneverydayEnglishwewouldtranslateitas'Marcos's daughter. ' afilhadoMarcos)x)x 23.Usingthesamepatternyoucannowsay'Lus'sdaughter.' afilhadoLus)x)x 24.Likewisevoucansay'Santos'sdaughter.' afilhadoSantos)x)x 25.Andyoucansay'Paulo'sdaughter.' afilhadoPaulo)x)x 26.Also,youcansubstitute'son'intheabovephrases. ofilhodoMarcos)x ofilhodoLus)x ofilhodoSantos)x ofilhodoPaulo)x 27.Observeandmimicthisitem. daYara)x)x 28.TheaboveitemmeansIofYara.' daYara)x)x 4.5 92 PORTUGUESE 29.Nowobserveandmimicthisitem. ofilhodaYara)x)x 30.Theaboveitemliterallymeans'thesonofYara.'In everydayEnglishwewouldtranslateitas'Yara'sson.' ofilhodaYara)x)x 31.Usingthesamepattern,youcanalsosay'Maria'sson.' ofilhodaMaria)x)x 32.Youcansay'Sandra'sson.' ofilhodaSandra)x)x 33.Andyoucansay'ngela'ssono , ofilhodangela)x)x 34.Also,youcansubstitute'daughter'intheabovephrases. afilhadaYara)x)x afilhadaMaria)x)x afilhadaSandra)x)x afilhadangela)x)x 4.6 PORTUGUESE 93 Exchange'# 4 Osenhorconheceessamoa? Conheosim.~afilhadangela. Exchangeti 5 Quemesserapaz? ~ofilhodaMaria. Exchange#- 6 Doyouknowthatyounggirl? Yes,Ido.It'sngela's daughter. Whoisthatyoungman? It'sMaria'ssono Quemesserapaz?Asenhoraconhece? Conheosim.~ofilhodoSantos. 4.7 Whoisthatyoungman?Do youknowhim? Yes,Ido.It'sSantos'sono 94 PORTUGUESE Exchange:#7 osenhorconheceafjlhadoPaulo? Conheosim.Chama-seSandra. Exchangeti:.8 Quem? toMarcos,ofilhodoSantos. 4.8 Doyouknowpaulo'sdaughter? Sure.HernameisSandra. Whoisit? It'sMarcos,Santos'sono PORTUGUESE 95 35.Intheupcomingexchangesyouwillhavethechanceto practicethephrase'Whereis.... ?'Hereisthequestion-word'Where?'First,justobserveandlisten. onde 36.Thefirstsyllablerhymeswiththewordbom.Ithas thesamenasalvowel.Listenandmimic. bom on-)x )x )x )x 37.Nowmimicthewordonde,meaning'Where?' onde)x)x 38.Manyspeakerspronouncethewordasyoujustheardit,with arecognizabledsound.Manyotherswillpronounceit withthe i soundof'jeep, , asinthisframe.Listenand mimic. onde)x)x 39.Forthemomentwewillusethei of'jeep. , onde)x)x 40.Nowobservethisitemandrepeatit. ondeest?)x)x 41.Theaboveitemmeans'Whereis? ' Ondeest?)x)x 42.Itisthewayyouwillask'WhereisPaul?' ,forexample. OndeestoPaulo?)x)x 43.And'WhereisSandra?' OndeestaSandra?)x)x 4.9 PORTUGUESE 96 44.And,indeed,'Whereiseverybodyandanybody?' )ndeestaYara?)x Ondeestaminhafilha?)x Ondeestomeuprofessor?)x OndeestofilhodoSantos?)x Ondeestamaisnova?)x Ondeestamaisvelha?)x 45.Nowwewillgiveyouafewoftheresponses.First,here is'athome.' emcasa)x)x 46.Noticethezsoundincasa. - --casa)x)x 47.Noticealsothatthereisnomsoundinthisphrase. emcasa)x)x 48.Nowyoucananswer'He(She)isathome.' Estemcasa)x)x 49.Hereis'inNewYork.'Justlisten. emNovaIorque 50.Theword'new'youhavealreadyhadinthesenseof'young.' nova)x)x NovaIorque)x)x 51.Nowyoucananswer'PauloisinNewYork.' OPauloestemNovaIorque)x)x 4.10 PORTUGUESE 97 52.Thewordemmeaning'in'precedesquiteafewplacenames. EstemWashington)x EstemFiladlphia)x EstemDenver)x EstemBraslia)x EstemLisboa)x 53.Bywayofcontrast,noticethisitem. nafesta)x)x 54.Theaboveitemmeans'attheparty.' nafesta)x)x 55.Youwillusethesamepatterntosay'atschool. , naescola)x)x 56.Noticetheosoundinescola.Itresemblesthe ~ of English'paws. , paw)x)x esco- )x)x escola)x)x naescola)x)x 57.80nowyoucansay'ngelaisin/at~ c h o o l . , Angelaestnaescola)x)x 58.Andyoucansay'Yaraisattheparty.' AYaraestnafesta)x)x 59.Hereistheword'here.' aqui)x)x 4.11 98 PORTUGUESE 60.Andhereisthephrase'ishere. , estaqui)x)x 61.Nowyoucansay'Marcosishere. , OMarcosestaqui)x)x 62.Andyoucansay'Mariaishere. , AMariaestaqui)x)x 4.12 PORTUGUESE Exchange#- 9 OndeestMaria? Estemcasa. Where'sMaria? She'sathome. Exchange"#10 Ondeestangela? Estnaescola. OndeestaSandra? Estnafesta. Where'sAngela? She'satschool. Exchange#- 11 4.13 Where'sSandra? She'sattheparty. 99 100 PORTUGUESE Exchange'# 12 Ondeestoprofessor? EstemWashington. Where'stheteacher? He'sinWashington. Exchange=#13 OndeestafilhadoSantos? Estaqui. WhereisSantos'daughter? She'shere. Exchange"#14 OndeestoLus? EstemNovaIorque. WhereisLus? He'sinNewYork. PORTUGUESE 63.Withthequestion-wordOndeandtheverbformvaiyou arenowequippedtoask'Whereareyougoing?'First, just1istentothequestiono Ondeosenhorvai? 64.Nowmimic. vai osenhorvai Ondeosenhorvai? 65.Nowsubstitute'asenhora.' asenhoravai Ondeasenhoravai? )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x 101 66.Wewi11approachtheresponsebyreca11ingtheverbform thatcorrespondsto'Igolor'Iamgoing.' vou)x)x 67.Youpracticedthisformintheohrase'I'mgoing(doing) we11,thanks.' Voubemobrigado)x)x 68.Nownoticeitsuseinthisphrase.Just1isten. VouaNovaIorque 69.Thephrasemeans'I'mgoingtoNewYork.'TheEng1ish preoosition'to'oftentrans1atesasainPortuguese.Mimic. aNovaIorque)x)x VouaNovaIorque)x)x 70.Hereis'toLisbon.' aLisboa)x)x 4.15 102 PORTUGUESE 71.Nowyoucansay'I'mgoingtoLisbon.' VouaLisboa)x)x 72.Hereis'toBraslia.' aBraslia)x)x 73.Nowyoucansay'I'mgoingtoBraslia. ' VouaBraslia)x)x 74.Youcanalsosay'I'mgoingtotheparty. , Voufesta)x)x 75.Lateronwewilltellyouthereasonfortheaccentmark (- ) overthea.Fornowjustrepeat. Voufesta)x)x 76.Youcanphrasequestionssuchasthefollowing. osenhorvaiaNovaIorque? AsenhoravaiaFiladlfia? Osenhorvaifesta? )x )x )x 77.Andyoucanphraseanswerssuchasthefollowing. Vousim No,novou Vou,claro )x )x )x 78.Theformvaiaccompaniesosenhorandasenhora.Italso accompaniesngela,Marcos,filho,filha,etc.,i.e.any thirdpersonitem. angelavai oMarcosvai oPaulovai 4.16 )x )x )x PORTUGUESE aminhafilhavai)x oprofessorvai)x 79.Soyoucanalsophrasequestionssuchasthese: ASandravai? OLusvaiaBraslia? )x )x OamigodaYaravai?)x 80.Andyoucanphraseanswerslikethese: AYaravaisim No,oMarcosnaovai 4.17 )x )x 103 104 PORTUGUESE Exchange#- 15 Ondeosenhorvai? Voufesta. Exchange#16 OndeoLuisvai? VaiaNovaIorque. Whereareyougoing? 11mgoingtotheparty. WhereisLuisgoing? HelsgoingtoNewYork. Exchange1=1=17 Ondeangelavai? VaiaLisboa. 4.18 Whereisngelagoing? ShelsgoingtoLisbon. PORTUGUESE Exchanget:i:.18 AsenhoravaiaDenver? No,novou. AreyougoingtoDenver? No,rimnoto Exchangeti 19 osenhorvaifesta? Vousim. 105 Areyougoingtotheparty? Yes,ramo oMarcosvai? Vaisim. Exchangeti 20 4.19 rsMarcosgoing? Yes,heis. 106 Asenhoravai? Vousim. Aprofessoravai? No,novai. PORTUGUESE Exchange#21 Areyougoing? Yes,Iam. Exchange#.22 4.20 1stheteachergoing? No,she'snoto PORTUGUESE Unit5 1.Listentothisitembutdonotrepeatityet. eu 2.Mlmicjustthefirstvowel. e- )x)x 3.Mimicthesecondvowel. -u)x)x 4.Nowmimicthetwotogether. eu)x)x 5.Theaboveitemisthepronoun'I.' eu)x)x 6.Sometimeseuaccompaniestheverbform,as'r'doesin 7. English.Forexample: , I amgoing'=euvou , I know'=euconheo Butsincethe thepronouneu verbform isoften vou conheo )x )x itselftells notsaid. )x )x )x )x us )x )x whotheactor 107 is, 8.Donotbeconcernedaboutwhenyoushouldandwhenyou shouldnotsayeu.Thereisreallynostrict'right'or 'wrong'aboutit.Thereareguidelines,butwewilltalk aboutthemlaterwhentheywillbemoremeaningfultoyou. Inthemeantlme,justrepeat. eu)x)x 5.1 108 euvou euconheo PORTUGUESE )x )x )x )x 9.Observethisitem.First,just1isten. chegar 10.Mimicthefirstsy11ab1e.Noticeit beginswithansh-type sound. che- )x)x 11.Mimicthesecondsy11ab1e.Noticeitendswithther soundthatresemb1esastrongEng1ishh. -gar)x)x 12.Nowmimictheword. chegar)x)x 13.Thewordmeans'arrive. , chegar)x)x 14.Nowobservethisitem.Just1isten. vouchegar 15.Youknowthatvoumeans 'I amgoing. , Thecombinationvou chegarthereforemustmean 'I amgoingtoarrive. , Mimic. vouchegar)x)x 16.Attimesyoumaywanttousethepronouneuwiththeabove phrase. euvouchegar)x)x 17.Nownoticethiscombination.Mimic. vaichegar)x)x 5.2 PORTUGUESE 109 18.Theformvaiistheformof'going'thatweusewithMaria, Paulo,osenhor,etc.Wemaywanttolncludeanactorwith thiscombinationsoweknowwhowearetalkingabout.We cansay,forexample,'Sandraisgoingtoarrive.' ASandravaichegar)x)x 19.Wecansay'Theteacherisgoingtoarrive.' oprofessorvaichegar)x)x 20.Wecansay'Mysonisgoingtoarrive.' omeufilhovaichegar)x)x 21.Wecanalsosay'Youaregoingtoarrive. , Osenhorvaichegar)x)x Asenhoravaichegar)x)x 22.Nowobservethisword.Donotrepeatyet. ficar 23.Theabovewordmeans'stay.'Nowrepeat. ficar)x)x 24.Noticethe!:.-typequalitytotherattheendoftheword. ficar)x)x 25.Nowobservethiscombination. vaificar)x)x 26.Thatcombinationmeans'goingtostay. , vaificar)x)x 27.Weneedtoprovi deanactorsothatweknowwhoisgoingto stay.Wecanstartwith'Paulo.'Hereis'Pauloisgoing tostay.' OPaulovaificar)x)x 5.3 110 PORTUGUESE 28.v-Jecansay , t-1aria isgoingtostay. , AMariavaificar)x)x 29.Wecansay'theteacherisgoingtostay. , oprofessorvaificar)x)x 30.Wecanaskquestions,too.Wecanask'Areyougoingto stay?' Asenhoravaificar?)x)x 31.Nowmimicthiscombination. vouficar)x)x 32.Theabovecombinationmeans'Iamgoingtostay.'Itcan alsobesaidwiththepronouneu. euvouficar)x)x Observation: BothficarandchegarareexamplesofPortugueseverbsin theinfinitive form,theformthatgenerallycorrespondsto English'to +verb.'Wewillalsocallthisformthe'neutral formo'Itis'neutral'inthatitdoesnotchangeitsshapeto correspondtoperson(s)doingtheacting.Bywayofcontrast, formslikeconheo/conhece,andvou/vaishowdifferentshapesas theactorschange.Inthissensetheyarenotneutralforms. 33.Hereistheinfinitiveorneutralformoftheverb'study.' estudar)x)x 5.4 PORTUGUESE 34.Nowyoucanpracticethesecombinationswhereyousay thatsomebodyisgoingtostudy. AMariavaiestudar)x ASandravaiestudar)x Quemvaiestudar?)x Osenhorvaiestudar?)x Ondeosenhorvaiestudar?)x (eu)vouestudar)x 111 35.Hereisanotherinfinitiveorneutralform:'dance.'You practicedit earlierwhenyouweremimickingnasalvowels. danar)x)x 36.Nowpracticethesecombinations. Asenhoravaidanar?)x ASandra vaidanar?)x OLuIsvaidanar?)x (eu)voudanar)x 5.5 112 osenhorvaificar? Vousim. Quemvaificar? AYaravaificar. Quemvaiestudar? OLusvaiestudar. PORTUGUESE Exchangeff 1 Areyougoingtostay? Yes,Iam. Exchange#2 Whoisgoingtostay? Yaraisgoingtostay. Exchange#3 5.6 Whoisgoingtostudy? Lusisgoingtostudy. PORTUGUESE Exchangeti 4 osenhorvaiestudar? No,novou. Exchangeti 5 Quemvaichegar? Angelavaichegar. Areyougoingtostudy? No,rimnoto 113 Whoisgoingtoarrive? Angelaisgoingtoarrive. Exchange-#6 Asenhoravaidanar? Vousim. 5.7 Areyougoingtodance? Yes,ramo 114 37. PORTUGUESE Manyneutralformsendin-ar,asdochegarandficar. Othersendin- ~ ~or-ir,andaveryfewendin-oroHere istheneutralformmeaning'know'or'meet.'Itisan exampleofaneutralformthatendsin-er. conhecer)x)x 38.Youalreadyknowtheformsthatcorrespondto'Iknow'and 'youknow.' conheo conhece )x )x )x )x ~ 9 .Hereistheneutralformagain. conhecer)x)x 40.Practicethesecombinations. OPaulovaiconhecer aprofessoravaiconhecer aMariavaiconhecer osenhorvaiconhecer (eu)vouconhecer )x )x )x )x )x 41.Hereisanexampleofaneutralformthatendsin-ir: theverb'leave.'First,justlisten. sair 42.Nowmimicbysyllables. sa--ir sair )x )x )x 5.8 )x )x )x PORTUGUESE 115 43.Practicethesecombinations.Theysaythatsomeoneis goingto1eave,ortheyaskifsomeoneisgoingtoleave. osenhorvaisair?)x Angelavaisair?)x Quemvaisair?)x (Eu)vousair)x OMarcosvaisair)x 44.Hereisanothercommonnamethatwil1beuseful.First, justlisten. Jos 45.Mimicthefirstsy11able.Noticethatthefirstsoundis liketheofEnglish and'leisure.' Jo- )x)x 46.Mimicthesecondsy11able.Noticethat zsound.Noticealsothatthevowelis of'bed. , -s)x)x 47.Nowmimicbothsyllablestogether. Jos)x 48.Practicethesephrases. OJosconhece OJosvai OJosvaisair OJosvaichegar OJosvaiestudar 5.9 )x )x )x )x )x )x it beginswitha similartothe . 116 PORTUGUESE 49.Hereisanothername.First,justlisten. Raquel 50.Mimicthefirstsyllable.The~issimilartoastrong Englishhsound. Ra- )x)x 51.Mimicthesecondsyllable.The1formanyPortuguese speakerssoundsmuchllkeaWsound. -quel)x)x 52.Nowmimicbothsyllablestogether. Raquel)x)x 53.Practicethesephrases. 54. 55. aRaquelconhece a"Raquelvai aRaquelvaiconhecer aRaquelvaidanar aRaquelvaisair Hereisanothername Flrst,justlisten. Roberto Nowmimlcthenameby Ro--ber--to that )x )x )x )x )x starts syllables. )x)x )x)x )x)x Together:Roberto)x 5.10 wlththe )x same ~ sound. PORTUGUESE 56.Practicethesephrases. oRobertoconhece oRobertovai oRobertovaisair oRobertovaiestudar oRobertovaichegar )x )x )x )x )x 57.Hereisanothernarne.Firstjustlisten. Ins 58.Mirnicthefirstsyllable. I- ) x)x 59.Mirnicthesecondsyllable. -nes) x)x 117 60.Mirnicthetwosyllablestogether.Noticethatitisthe secondsyllablewhichisstressedstrongerthanthefirst. Ins)x)x 61.Practicethesephrases. aInsconhece aInsvai aInsvaiconhecer aInsvaichegar aInsvaidanar )x )x )x )x )x 62.Hereisanothernarne.Justlisten. Lcia 63.Mirnicthefirstsyllable. L- )x)x 5.11 118 PORTUGUESE 64.Mirnicthesecondsyllable.Itbeginswithan~sound. -cia)x)x 65.Mirnicthetwosyllablestogether.Noticethatthefirst syllablehasastrongerstressthanthesecond. Lcia)x)x 66.Practicethesephrases. aLciaconhece)x aLciavai)x aLciavaichegar)x aLciavaiestudar)x aLciavaisair)x 67.Practicesayingthesephrasescontainingthewordnao rneaning'not.' aLcianaoconhece aLcianovai aLcianovaificar oJosnoconhece oJosnovai oJosnovaiestudar )x )x )x )x )x )x 68.Noticethatnaoprecedesverbsandcornbinationsofverbs. aInsnovai)x aInsnovaidanar)x aRaquelnoestnafesta)x aRaquelnoestemNovaIorque)x 5.12 69. PORTUGUESE angelanaocasada angelanoprofessora eunaovou eunaovouaNovaIorque Hereisthewordfor'but.' mas)x)x )x )x )x )x 119 70.Nowyoucanmakecontrastivestatements,suchas'Yarais notgoing,butIam(going).' 71. AYaranovai,maseuvou)x Or'Marcosismarried,butLusisnot.' OMarcoscasado,masoLusno 5.13 )x )x)x 120 PORTUGUESE Exchange"#7 osenhorvai? No,novou.MasaRaquelvai. Exchange-:p.8 AInsestemcasa? Areyougoing? No,I'mnotgoing.But Raquelis. No,noest.MasaLciaest. IsInsathome? No,she'snotoButLciais. Exchangeti 9 oJosprofessor? No,no.MasoPaulo. IsJosateacher? No,he'snotoButPaulois. 5.14 PORTUGUESE ExchangeH10 AsenhoraconheceaYara? No,noconheo.MasaRaquelconhece. DoyouknowYara? No,Idon'tknowher.But Raqueldoes. Exchange'# 11 oLusvaificar? No,novai.MasaLciavai. 1sLusgoingtostay? 121 No,he'snotoButLciais. 5.15 122 PORTUGUESE 72.Observethisitem.Donotrepeatyet. pretende 73.Theaboveitemisaverbformmeaning'plan(s)to.'Mimic thefirstsyllable.Noticetheflappedrafterthe E -pre- )x)x 74.Mimicthesecondsyllable.Youwillhearanasalvowel, butno ~ sound. -ten- )x)x 75.Mimicthethirdsyllable.Noticethe i soundof'jeep. ' -de)x)x 76.Nowmimicthethreesyllablestogether.Theformmeans 'plan (s)to.' pretende)x)x 77.ItistheformusedwithMarcos,ngela,osenhor,etc. Therefore,youcannowexpressthethought'Marcosplans to .... ' OMarcospretende ...)x)x 78.Andyoucansay'ngelaplansto .... ' Angelapretende ...)x)x 79.Andofcourseyoucansubstituteothernamesandpersons. ALciapretende...)x Aprofessorapretende...)x Orapazpretende...)x ARaquelpretende...)x 5.16 PORTUGUESE 123 80.Youcanusetheformpretendewith'you'tosay'youplan to .... ' Osenhorpretende...)x Asenhorapretende...)x 81.Tocompletethethoughtweneedaninfinitive,aneutral formeForexample,youmightwanttosay'Josplansto leave. ' OJosoretendesair)x)x 82.Oryoumightwanttosay'ngelaplanstostudy.' Angelapretendeestudar)x)x 83.Youmightwanttoask'Doyouplantostay?' Osenhorpretendeficar?)x)x 84.Or'Doyouplantodance?' Asenhorapretendedanar?)x)x 85.Nowobservethisitem.Donotrepeatyet. pretendo 86.Thisitemistheverbformmeaning'rplanto.'Mimicthe firstsyllable. 87. pre-Andthesecond. -ten-88.Andthethird. -do )x)x )x)x )x)x 89.Thethreesyllablestogethermean'Iplanto.' pretendo) x) x 5.17 124 PORTUGUESE 90. Attimesyouwilluseitwiththepronouneu. eupretendo)x)x 91.WiththisformyoucansayII plantostay. I (eu)pretendoficar)x)x 92. YoucansayIIplantoleave. I (eu)pretendosair)x )x 93. YoucansayIIplantostudy.I (eu)pretendoestudar)x )x 94. AndyoucansayIIplantodance. I (eu)pretendodanar)x )x 5.18 PORTUGUESE 125 Exchange#12 osenhorpretendeficar? No,nopretendo.Euvousair. Exchangeti 13 oLuspretendesair? Pretende. 5.19 Doyoup1antostay? No,rdonlt.rimgoingto1eave. DoesLusp1anto1eave? Hedoes. 126 PORTUGUESE Exchange#.14 ARaquelpretendesair? No,nopretende. Exchangea15 Asenhorapretendeestudar? Pretendo,sim. 5.20 DoesRaquelplantoleave? No,shedoesn't. Doyouplantostudy? Yes,Ido. PORTUGUESE 127 95.Hereisthequestion-word'When?'Donotmimicityet. Quando 96.Nowmimicthefirstsyllable.Trytopronounceanasal vowel,andnotann. Quan- )x)x 97.Hereisthesecondsyllable. -do)x)x 98.Thetwosyllablestogetherconstitutetheword'When?' Quando)x)x 99.InresponsetothequestionQuando?youwillneedthe word'today.'Hereitis.Justlisten. hoje 100.Mimicthefirstsyllable.Anhappearsinprint,butnot inspeech. ho- )x)x 101.Thesecondsyl1ablebeginswiththessoundofEng1ish and'leisure.'Mimiccarefully. -je)x)x 102.Togetherthetwosyl1ablesconstitutetheword'today.' hoje)x)x 103.Youwil1alsoneedtheword'now.'Hereitis.Justlisten. agora 104.Hereisthefirstsy11ab1e. a- )x)x 5.21 128 PORTUGUESE 105.Andthesecond.Theois1ikethe~of'paws.' -go- )x)x 106.Thethirdsyllablehastheflappedr. -ra)x)x 107.Heretheyaretogether,formingtheword'now. ' agora)x)x 108.Nowyoucansay'He'sathomenow. , Estemcasaagora)x)x 109.Youcansay'SandraisgoingtoNewYorktoday.' ASandravaiaNovaIorquehoje)x)x 110.Youalreadyknowthewordfor'tomorrow.' amanh)x)x 111.Soyoucansay'Insisgoingto1eavetomorrow.' AInsvaisairamanh)x)x 112.Hereisthewordfor'ear1y.' cedo)x)x 113.Practicecedointhesephrases. OPaulovaiestudarcedo)x Euvouchegarcedo) x Osenhorpretende saircedo?) x OSantospretendechegarcedo)x 114.Hereisamorespecifictimereference:'attwoo'clock.' sduas)x)x 5.22 PORTUGUESE 129 115.Forexample,youmightwanttosay'r'mgoingtoarrive attwoo'clock. , Euvouchegarsduas)x)x 116.Hereis'atthreeo'clock. , astrs)x)x 117.Hereis'atfouro'c1ock. , squatro)x)x 118.Repeatthenumber'four'bysyl1ab1es. qua- )x)x -tro )x)x 119.Again,hereis'atfour. , squatro )x)x 120.Andhereis'atfive. , ascinco)x)x 121.Thefirstsy11ab1eofcincorhymeswiththewordsim 'yes. , sim)x)x cin- )x)x cinco)x)x 122.Again,hereis'atfive. , scinco)x)x 123.Finally,hereis'atten. , sdez )x)x 5.23 130 PORTUGUESE 124. Practicethesephrasescontainingtimereferences. oPaulovaichegarsduas)x Angelavaichegarastrs)x OMarcospretendesairasquatro)x AInspretendesairscinco)x Euvousalrasdez)x Elavalsalrsduas)x 5.24 PORTUGUESE Exchangeti 16 QuandoosenhorvaiaNovaIorque? Vouhoje. WhenareyougoingtoNew York? I'mgoingtoday. Exchanget:t17 QuandooLusvaichegar? Vaichegarhoje. 131 WhenisLusgoingtoarrive? He'sgoingtoarrivetoday. Exchange;t:t.18 oLusvaichegarhoje? Vaisim.Vaichegarcedo,asduas. 5.25 IsLusgoingtoarrivetoday? Yes,heis.He'sgoingto arriveear1y,attwo. 132 PORTUGUESE Exchangeti 19 Angelavaichegarsquatro? No,novai.Vaichegarscinco. rsngelagoingtoarrive atfour? No,she'snotoShe'sgoing toarriveatfive. Exchange#20 Quandoasenhorapretendeestudar? Euvouestudaragora. Whenareyouplanningto study? r'mgoingtostudynow. Exchange#21 Quandoosenhorpretendesair? Euvousairagora. 5.26 Whenareyouplanningtoleave? r'mgoingtoleavenow. PORTUGUESE 133 Exchange#22 osenhorvaiaNovaIorque? Vou,sim. Quando? Hoje,strs. AreyougoingtoNewYork? Yes,Iam. When? Todayatthree. ExchangeI=i23 Asenhorapretendeestudar? Pretendo. Quando? Agora. 5.27 Doyoup1antostudy? Ido. When? Now. 134 PORTUGUESE Exchange1=1- 24 oMarcosvaisair? Vai. Quando? Hoje,squatroouscinco. Exchange#.25 ARaquelpretendesair? Pretendesim. Quando? Hojecedo,sduas. 5.28 IsMarcosgoingtoleave? Yes,heis. When? Today,atfourorfive. DoesRaquelplantoleave? Yes,shedoes. When? Today,early,attwo. PORTUGUESE 135 Unit6 1.Recallthiswordfromapreviousexchange. Qual)x)x 2.Whenqualissaidalone,thel,formanyspeakers,hasa qualityalmostlikeawsound. Qual)x)x 3.Wepointedoutthesamefeatureaboutthe1inthename Raquel.Formanyspeakersitsoundsverymuchlikeaw. Raquel)x)x 4.Thisw-likepronunciationofthelistypicalwhenthel isthelastsoundutteredinawordorphrase.Another exampleisthe1inthey;ordBrasil. Brasil)x)x 5.Youmayalsohavenoticedthiskindof1intheword solteiro. solteiro)x)x 6.Insolteirothe1isnotattheendofaword,butitis theendofasyllable.Inthatlocationtooitislikely tobepronouncedwitha~ - l i k equality. sol- )x)x solteiro)x)x 7.Listenforthe1inthenameSilva. Silva)x)x at 8.Heretoothe1isattheendofasyllableandislikelyto resembleaw. Silva)x)x 6.1 136 9. 10. 11. 12. PORTUGUESE Practicethe1intheseadditionalwords,whosemeanings wecanomitfornow. malfaltatalco salcaldaalvo solalmaselva melcalmo tal vil Also,practiceitinthesenames. NilzaElzaCelso VilmaOlgaWilson TeImaIlzeNelson SilvaAlmaGilson Nowobserveandrepeatthisitem. dona)x)x Dothesamewiththeseitems. donaNilza)x donaTeIma)x donangela)x donaLcia )x donaIns)x 13.Theworddonaisatitleofrespectcommonlyusedwith femininenames. AdonaInsestemcasa AdonaNilzavaificar 6.2 )x )x PORTUGUESE Adonangelanaovaisair Comovai,donaRaquel? Tudobem,donaLcia? )x )x )x 14.Nowobservethisitem.Donotrepeatyet. osenhorSilva 15.Youknowosenhorwiththemeaning'you.'Itcanalso serveasatitleofrepectformen.ItsclosestEnglish equivalentis'Mister.'Mimic. osenhorSilva osenhorSantos osenhorPaulo osenhorJos 16.Practicethesephrases. )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x OsenhorSilvaestemBraslia)x OsenhorSantoscasado)x OsenhorPaulovaisair)x OsenhorLusnovaiestudar)x 17.Observethisitem.Donotmimicyet. quero 137 18.Thisistheverbform 'I want. , Mimicthefirstsyllable. que- )x)x 19.Mimicthesecondsyllable. -ro)x)x 6.3 138 PORTUGUESE 20. Nowsaythetwosy1lablestogether.The~istheflapped r. quero )x)x 21.Theformmeans'Iwant.'Attimesyouwil1precedeit withthepronouneu. euquero )x)x 22.Nowyoucanaddtheinfinitiveorneutra1formsairand say'Iwantto1eave.' euquerosair )x)x 23.Oryoucou1daddtheneutralformficarandsay'Iwant tostay.' euquereficar )x)x 24.Practicetheseadditiona1combinationsthatsay'Iwant to euquerodanar euqueroconhecer euqueroestudar euquerochegar )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x 25.Practicethesecombinationsthatsay'Idon'twantto .... ' eunaoqueroficar)x)x eunaoquerosair)x)x eunaoqueroestudar)x)x eunaoquerochegar)x)x eunoqueroconhecer)x)x 6.4 PORTUGUESE J 39 26.Nowobservethisformo quer 27.Noticetheg-typequalityofther.Mimic. quer)x)x 28.Thisistheverbformfor'want(s),'theformthatgoes withJos,Nilza,osenhor,etc. oJosquer)x aNilzaquer)x osenhorquer)x osenhorSilvaquer)x aprofessoraquer)x adonaInsquer)x 29.Nowyoucanaddtheneutralformficarandsay'Jos wantstostay. , oJosquerficar)x)x 30.Andyoucanaddtheneutralformdanarandsay'Nilza wantstodance.' aNilzaquerdanar)x)x 31.Practicethesecombinationsthatsaysomebody'wantsto ... or'doesn'twantto .. , adonaRaquelquersair)x oMarcosquerficar)x angelaquerestudar)x 6.5 , 140 PORTUGUESE aLcianaoquerficar)x osenhorLusnoquersair)x oPaulonoquerconheceraprofessora)x 32.Atthisjuncturewecansupplyseveraladditionalneutral forms.Hereistheformfor'work.'Donotrepeatit yet. trabalhar 33.Mimicthefirstsyllable. tra- )x)x 34.Mimicthesecondsyllable. -ba- )x)x 35.Mimicthethirdsyllable.Itbeginswithasoundsimilar tothe11ofWilliam. -lhar)x)x 36.Hereistheinfinitiveagain. trabalhar)x)x 37.Practicethesephrases. oMarcosvaitrabalhar)x oYaraquertrabalhar)x osenhorpretendetrabalhar?)x eunoquerotrabalhar)x eunaovoutrabalhar)x 38.Hereistheneutralformfortheverb'come. I vir)x)x 6.6 PORTUGUESE 141 39.Itconsistsofthesoundvfo11owedbythe-irending. vir)x)x 40.Practicethesephraseswhichcontaintheverb'come.' osenhorquervir?)x asenhorapretendevir?)x Luis -hoje)x onaoquervir euqueroviramanh)x 6.7 142 PORTUGUESE Exchangeti 1 ALciaquervir? No,noquer. DoesLciawanttocome? No,shedoesn't. Exchange#2 AdonaInsquersair? Quersim. DoesInswanttoleave? Yes,shedoes. Exchange1=1- 3 os e n ~ o rquertrabalharhoje? Querosim. 6.8 Doyouwanttoworktoday? Yes,Ido. PORTUGUESE Exchange#4 osenhorSantosquersairhoje? Quersim.Quersairagora. DoesSantoswanttoleave today? 143 Yes,hedoes.Hewantsto leavenow. Exchange-n.5 Quemquerficar? Euqueroficar. Whowantstostay? Iwanttostay. Exchangeti 6 Quemquertrabalhar? ALciaquertrabalhar. 6.9 Whowantstowork? Lciawantstowork. 144 PORTUGUESE Exchange1+7 QuemquerconhecerosenhorSilva? Euquero. Exchange"#8 WhowantstomeetMr.Silva? Iwantto. osenhorpretendetrabalharhoje? Pretendo. Exchange#9 oJospretendevir? Pretende. 6.10 Doyouplantoworktoday? Ido. DoesJosplantocome? Hedoes. PORTUGUESE 145 Exchange#10 oPaulovaitrabalharhoje? Vai,claro. 1sPaulogoingtoworktoday? Certainlyhe'sgoingto. Exchanget:t11 Asenhoraquertrabalharemcasa? No,noquero. 6.11 Doyouwanttoworkathome? No,Idon'twantto. 146 PORTUGUESE 41.Observethisitem.Donotrepeatitveto posso 42.Thisistheverbformfor'Ican.'Mimicthefirst sy11ab1e.Thevowe1isthe~of'paws.'Thereisnopuff ofairontheE. po- )x)x 43.Mimicthesecondsy11ab1e. -sso)x)x 44.Mimicthetwotogether.Theformmeans 'I cano , posso)x)x 45.Therewi11betimesthatyouwi11wanttousethepronoun eu. euposso)x)x 46.Nowyoucanaddtheinfinitiveficarandsay'Icanstay.' eupossoficar)x)x 47.Andyoucanaddtheinfinitivesairandsay'Ican1eave.' eupossosair)x)x 48.Practicetheseadditiona1combinationsinwhichyousay thatyoucanarcannotdosomething. eupossochegar)x eupossoestudar)x eunopossodanar)x eunopossoficar)x 6.12 PORTUGUESZ 147 49.Observethisitem.Donotrepeatityet. pode 50.Thisistheverbformfor'can'thataccompaniesJos, Maria,asenhora,etc.Mimicthefirstsyllable.Notice the~of'paws.' po- )x)x 51.Mimicthesecondsyllable.Noticethe i soundofEnglish 'jeep. ' -de)x)x 52.Hereisthecompleteformo pode)x)x 53.Nowyoucansay'Mariacano , aMariapode)x)x 54.And'Joscan.' oJospode)x)x 55.And'youcan.' osenhorpode)x)x 56.Nowaddtheneutralformestudartosay'Josecanstudy.' oJospodeestudar)x)x 57.Andaddtheneutralformsairtosay'Mariacanleave.' aMariapodesair)x)x 58.Practicetheseadditionalcombinationsinwhichyousay thatsomebodycanorcannotdosomething. adonaLclapodeficar adonaLcianopodedanar 6.13 )x )x 148 PORTUGUESE aInspodeestudar)x aInsnopodesair)x osenhorSilvanopodedanar)x osenhorSilvapodeficar)x angelapodechegar)x angelanopodeestudar)x asenhoranopodeficar)x asenhorapodesair)x 6.14 PORTUGUESE Exchange7=f12 osenhorpodeficar? Possosim. Canyoustay? Yes,Icano Exchangeti 13 Asenhorapodeestudar? No,noposso. Canyoustudy? No,Ican't. Exchange#14 osenhorpodedanar? No,noposso. 6.15 Canyoudance? No,Ican't. 149 150 Quempodeficar? Euposso. Quempodeestudar? Eunoposso. PORTUGUESE Exchange#. 15 Whocanstay? Ican. Exchanget:t.16 6.16 Whocanstudy? Ican't. Angelapodesair? Pode,claro. Quandoelapodesair? Podesairagora. PORTUGUESE Exchange#.1 7 Canngelacomeout? Ofcourseshecano Exchange#.18 6.17 Whencanshecomeout? Shecancomeoutnow. 151 PORTUGUESE J52 59.Youalreadyknowthequestion-wordsQuem?,Onde?,Quando?, andCorno? Quem?)x' ~ v h o ?' Onde?)x'Where? ' Quando?)x'When? ' Como?)x'How?' 60.Hereisthequestion-word' ~ v h y ?'Justlisten. Porque? 61.Itiswrittenastwowords.Mimicthefirstportion. por)x)x 62.Mimicthesecondportion. que)x)x 63.Nowmimicitinitsentirety. Porque?)x)x 64.Nowyoucanask,forexample,'Whyareyougoing?' Porqueosenhorvai?)x)x 65.Or'Whyareyougoingtostudy?' Porqueosenhorvaiestudar?)x)x 66.Or'Whydoesngelawanttostudy?' Porqueangelaquerestudar?)x)x 67.Practicetheseadditionalquestions,alIasking'Why?' Besureyouknowwhattheymean. PorqueaLciaestemcasa? PorqueoMarcosvaiaBraslia? 6.18 )x )x PORTUGUESE 153 PorqueoPauloquerficar?)x PorqueaMariapretendesair?)x PorqueaInsnaoquerdanar?)x PorqueoLusnaopodechegar?)x Porqueasenhoraestaqui?)x Porqueasenhoranovaihoje?)x 68.Theanswer'because'usesthesamewords,saidwitha slightlydifferentintonationwithinthesentence.The wordsarewrittenasone. porque)x)x 69.Nowyoucananswer'BecauseIwantto,'forexample. porqueeuquero)x)x 70.Or'becauseI'mmarried.' porquesoucasado)x)x 71.Or'becauseMarcosisinNewYork.' porqueoMarcosestemNovaIorque)x)x 72.Practicetheseadditionalphrasesbeginningwith'because.' porqueestchovendo porqueodiaestlindo porqueaminhafilhanaoquer porqueomeufilhonaopode porqueeunoposso porqueasenhoranaoquer porqueadonaNilzavaisair porqueosenhorSantospretendeficar 6.19 )x )x )x )x )x )x )x )x 154 PORTUGUESE Exchange#19 PorqueosenhorvaiaFiladlfia? Porquenoconheo. Exchange#.20 Porqueosenhorvaificar? Porqueestchovendo. Whyareyougoingto Philadelphia? BecauseIdon'tknowit. Whyareyougoingtostay? Becauseit'sraining. Exchange#21 Porqueasenhoraquersairagora? Porqueatardeestlinda. 6.20 Whydoyouwanttogoout now? Becausetheafternoonis beautiful. PORTUGUESE Exchange#22 PorqueosenhorvaiaNovaIorque? PorqueaYaravaichegar. WhyareyougoingtoNew York? BecauseYaraisgoingto arrive. Exchangeti 23 PorqueoLusvaiasoPaulo? Porquevaiestudar. WhyisLusgoingtoso Paulo? 155 Becausehe'sgoingtostudy. Exchangeti:.24 Porqueasenhoravaifesta? Porqueeuquerodanar. 6.21 Whyareyougoingtotheparty? BecauseIwanttodance. 156 PORTUGUESE Exchange1=1- 25 PorqueaInsquerficaremcasa? Porquequerficarcomafilha. WhydoesInswanttostay home? Becauseshewantstostay withherdaughter. Exchangeti 26 Porqueasenhoranaopodesair? Porquesoucasada! Whycan'tyougoout? BecauseI'mmarried! Exchange"#27 Porqueosenhornaovai? Porquenoquero! 6.22 Whyaren'tyougoing? BecauseIdon'twantto PORTUGUESE 157 73.Hereisthepreposition'with. I com)x)x 74.Itrhymeswithbom.Inotherwords,it hasthesamenasal vowel. bom)x)x com)x)x 75.Practicethesephrasesthatsay'withsomebody. I comSantos)x comoSantos)x comMarcos)x comoMarcos)x comYara)x comaYara)x comIns)x comaIns)x comasenhora)x comosenhor)x comaminhafilha)x comomeufilho )x 76.Noticethisspecialformfor'withme. I comigo)x)x 77.Hereisthepreposition'without. I sem)x)x 6.23 158 PORTUGUESE 78.Itrhymeswithbem. bem)x)x sem)x)x 79.Practicethesephrasescontaining'without. , semMarcos)x semoMarcos)x semYara)x semaYara)x semPaulo)x semoPaulo)x semprofessor)x semoprofessor)x semomeufilho)x semaminhafilha)x 80.Herearesomelongerphraseswithcomandsem. AInsestcomangela)x OLusestcomaLcia?)x QuemestcomaRaquel?)x QuemvaiaBrasliacomosenhor?)x Quemvaificaremcasacomessamoa?)x Quemvaisaircomigo?)x Osenhorquerestudarcomigo?)x AsenhoraquersaircomoMarcos?)x OSantosquervircomosenhor?)x Eunopossosairsemangela)x 6.24 PORTUGUESE 159 Eunaopossosairsemaminhafilha)x EunoqueroficaraquisemoMarcos)x EunaopossoficaraquisemoLus)x AYaranoquerdanarsemoJos)x OSantosnovaitrabalharsemoPaulo)x ARaquelvaisairsemaLcia)x Osenhorvaisairsemangela?)x 6.25 160 PORTUGUESE Exchanget:128 Angelaestcomosenhor? No,elaestcomaSandra. 1sngelawithyou? No,she'swithSandra. Exchange#29 osenhorquerestudarcomigo? No,noquero. Doyouwanttostudywithme? No,Idon't. Exchange'#30 QuemvaicomaLcia? ANilzavai. 6.26 Who'sgoingwithLcia? Nilza'sgoing. PORTUGUESE 161 Exchange#- 31 oLusvaisairsemaLcia? Vaisim. IsLusgoingtoleave withoutLcia? Yes,heis. Exchange#32 AInsvaifesta? No,elanovaisemoPaulo. 6.27 IsInsgoingtotheparty? No,she'snotgoingwithout Paulo. 162 PORTUGUESE Exchange#33 QuemvaitrabalharcomoMarcos? Euvou. Who'sgoingtoworkwith Marcos? Iam. Exchange7+- 34 osenhorvaitrabalhar? No,eunopossotrabalharsemela. Areyougoingtowork? No,Ican'tworkwithouther. 6.28 PORTUGUESE 163 Unit7 1.Reviewtheseverbforms. posso)x pretendo)x quero)x conheo)x 2.TheaboveverbformsalIsay'r'dosomething.Wewill calllthem'r-forms.'Repeatthemagain,thistimepreceded by~ . euposso eupretendo euquero euconheo )x )x )x )x 3.Theunstressed-oendingistypicalofI-forms.Listenfor itintheadditionalexamplesbelow.Theexamplesare newtoyou.Youneednotmemorizetheirmeanings.Youwill probablyrecognizethem,though,becausetheyarerelated toinfinitiveformsthatyouhavealreadypracticed. chego)x 'I arrive' fico)x'rstay' estudo)x 'r study' trabalho)x 'r work' saio)x rr leave' 7.1 164 4. PORTUGUESE YouhavehadseveralotherI-forrosthatdonothavethis typicalendingandwhichthereforecanbesaidtobe irregular. vou sou )x )x 5.Nowreviewtheseverbforros. pode pretende conhece vai est )x )x )x )x )x )x 6.YouhavelearnedtousetheaboveverbforroswithPaulo, ngela,osenhor,oprofessor,odia,etc. oPaulopode ...)x af t ~ q e l apretende ...)x osenhorconhece ...)x oprofessorvai ...)x odiaestlindo ...}x oPaulocasado ...)x 7.Wecouldcalltheseforros'He-forros,''You-forros,''third personsingularforros,'etc.,etc.Wewillsiroplifyroatters andsettleonjustonedesignation.Henceforth,wewill callalIsuchforros'He-forros.'Practicethesehe-forros again. 7.2 PORTUGUESE .165 aInspode ...)x oPaulonaopode ...)x aprofessorapretende ...)x oprofessornopretende ...)x oMarcosestemWashington)x angelanaoestaqui)x osenhorvai?)x asenhoranovai?)x 8.He-forms,likeI-forms,havetypicalendings,butthese involvemorepatternsthanwewanttogetintoatthis point.Instead,wewanttointroducetheconceptofthe 'We-form,'theformoftheverbthatsays'we'dosomething. Forexample,hereistheformfor'weknow.' conhecemos)x)x 9.Hereistheformfor'wecano , podemos)x)x 10.Hereis'weplano , pretendemos)x)x 11.Andhereis'wewant. , queremos)x)x 12.Theunstressed-mosendingalwayssignalsawe-form.Repeat again. conhecemos podemos pretendemos queremos )x )x )x )x 7.3 166 PORTUGUESE 13.Thewordfor'we'oftenprecedestheseforms.Hereis thewordfor'we.' ns)x)x 14.Practicesayingnstogetherwiththewe-form. nsconhecemos)x nspodemos)x nspretendemos)x nsqueremos)x 15.Nowyoucansay'WeknowYara, , forexample. NsconhecemosaYara)x 16.Andyoucansay'WeknowLisbon. , NsconhecemosLisboa)x 17.Youcancombinethelastthreeoftheabovewe-formswith infinitives.Forexample,hereis'Wewanttostay. , Nsqueremosficar)x)x 18.Andhereis'Wewanttoleave.' Nsqueremossair)x)x