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Fruit Tree Grafting. Kevin Heaton Utah State University Extension Kane and Garfield Counties. Grafting is …. any process of inserting a part of one plant into or on another in a way that they will unite and continue growth as a single unit. Grafting. Fruit Cultivar. wood. Root. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fruit Tree Grafting
Kevin HeatonUtah State University ExtensionKane and Garfield Counties
Grafting is …
any process of inserting a part of one plant into or on another in a way that they will unite and continue growth as a single unit
Grafting
Root
wood
Fruit Cultivar
Fruit Tree Scion wood
Fruiting cultivar gala, cameo, etc
RootstockSize of treeDisease resistance
Apple has the most
Why would you want to graft a fruit tree?
We graft fruit trees because we want to … Old tree you want to
save Several varieties on
one tree (3in1, 4in1,)
Produce semi-dwarf and dwarf fruit trees
Repair Topwork Not true from seed Produce new trees Accomplishment
Time of Year Grafting is done during the dormant season
Scionwood AND rootstock should be dormant Scionwood is last years growth
Budding is done during the growing season (August) The cambium of the rootstock needs to be
actively growing (slip)Mature bud from this years growth
Budding
Apple Varieties
Rootstock Size
Apple Rootstock
Collecting Scion Wood Collect scion wood
when dormant February – early March
Last year’s growth Water sprouts work
wonderful for this (¼” to 3/8”)
Discard the top 3-6 inches of the tip and the bottom 3-6 inches
Clean the scion wood with mild solution of bleach (1-2%)
Rinse and dry Place in peat moss or
wet paper towel Place in fridge at 34-40
F (crisper works well) Keep this way until you
are ready to graft
Rootstock Raintree Nursery
Steps to Grafting Select a piece of rootstock and
fruiting wood that match diameter wise
Keep the rootstock in water until you are ready for it
Make good sharp cuts on rootstock and scion wood
Make sure there is good contact between the cambium layers on both the rootstock and scion wood.
Steps to GraftingSecure the union tightly with a grafting band or a piece
of tape.Leave 2 to 3 "back-up" buds on the scion and remove
the rest of the wood.Place in plastic bag with moist soil pep/peat
moss/sawdust.Dip in pruning seal and let dry.Keep indoors and hold the temperature around 60o to
70°F to encourage callusing. (VERY IMPORTANT)Maintain these temperatures for 10 to 14 days.
Steps to GraftingThen plant them into growing beds about 2’ to 3’ apart
or in a container with drainage.Tape should be cut several weeks after scions are
growing. Be careful not to dislodge the graft union. Usually 4 to 6 weeks after setting outside.
Take off all “Rootstock” buds with your fingers as they sprout. (Rootstock buds will compete with those on the scion wood and they use up energy).
Don’t try to over winter in pots unless you can mulch around them.
Reasons for Graft Failure Stock and scion were not compatible Cambiums were not meeting properly Scion wood was upside down Done at the wrong time of the year Scion wood was not dormant Scion wood was displaced Graft union was girdled because tape not
removed
Resourceshttp://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/propagation/http://www.raintreenursery.com/ http://www.treco.nu/ http://www.lawyernursery.com/ http://www.maplevalleyorchards.com/ http://www.towerhillbg.org/thwebscion.html
Acknowledgements:Presentation developed by Mike Pace
USU Extension Faculty Box Elder [email protected]
http://extension.usu.edu/boxelder/