Frontal Impact EURO NCAP.pdf

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EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME

(Euro NCAP)

FRONTAL IMPACTTESTING PROTOCOL

Version 6.0

August 2012


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Copyright Euro NCAP - This work is the intellectual property of Euro NCAP. Permission is granted for this

material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement

appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of Euro NCAP. To

disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from Euro NCAP.


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Preface

Where text is contained within square brackets this denotes that the procedure being

discussed is currently being trialled in Euro NCAP. Its incorporation in the Test Protocol will

be reviewed at a later date.

During the test preparation, vehicle manufacturers are encouraged to liaise with the

laboratory and to check that they are satisfied with the way cars are set up for testing. Where

a manufacturer feels that a particular item should be altered, they should ask the laboratory

staff to make any necessary changes. Manufacturers are forbidden from making changes to

any parameter that will influence the test, such as dummy positioning, vehicle setting,

laboratory environment etc.

It is the responsibility of the test laboratory to ensure that any requested changes satisfy the

requirements of Euro NCAP. Where a disagreement exists between the laboratory and

manufacturer, the Euro NCAP secretariat should be informed immediately to pass finaljudgment. Where the laboratory staff suspect that a manufacturer has interfered with any of

the set up, the manufacturer's representative should be warned that they are not allowed to do

so themselves. They should also be informed that if another incident occurs, they will be

asked to leave the test site.

Where there is a recurrence of the problem, the manufacturers representative will be told to

leave the test site and the Secretary General should be immediately informed. Any such

incident may be reported by the Secretary General to the manufacturer and the person

concerned may not be allowed to attend further Euro NCAP tests.


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In addition to the settings specified in this protocol, the following information will be

required from the manufacturer of the car being tested in order to facilitate the vehicle

preparation. A vehicle handbook should be provided to the test laboratory prior to

preparation.

Manufacturer-Specified Settings

Adjustment Section Reference

Frontal Impact

Fuel Tank Capacity Manufacturer's Handbook

Unladen Kerb Weight Manufacturer's Handbook

Tyre Pressures Manufacturer's Handbook

Seat Back/Torso Angle

95t Percentile Male Seating Position Section 6.1

Seat Base Tilt Section 6.1

Rear seat position (where applicable) Manufacturer's Handbook Section 6.4Child Seat Make/Model

Door Handle Pull Angle Section 9.4

50t Percentile Seat belt anchorage position Section 6.0

Seat Lumbar Support Position

Engine Running

Driver Airbag Removal Instructions

Pre-crash system disabling instructions (where applicable)

Side Impact

As Front, in addition:

Height of non-adjustable version of front seat Section 5.2

R-Point Section 1.4


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ContentsPage No.

Frontal Impact

1 VEHICLE PREPARATION 11.1 Unladen Kerb Mass 11.2 Reference Loads 11.4 Vehicle Preparation 21.5 Vehicle Markings 3

2 INTRUSION MEASUREMENTS 42.1 Before Test 42.2 After Test 5

3 DUMMY PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION 73.1 General 73.2 Dummy Certification 73.3 Additions and Modifications to the Hybrid III Dummies 73.4 Dummy Clothing and Footwear 83.5 Dummy Test Condition 83.6 Post Test Dummy Inspection 9

4 INSTRUMENTATION 104.1 Dummy Instrumentation 104.2 Vehicle Instrumentation 11

5 CAMERA LOCATIONS 136 PASSENGER COMPARTMENT ADJUSTMENTS 15

6.1 Determination of and Setting the Fore/aft, Tilt and Lumbar Settings of the Seat. 166.2 Setting the Steering Wheel Horizontal Adjustment 166.3 Setting the Steering Wheel Vertical Adjustment 176.4 Use of The Gabarit and Marking For Child Dummy Head Excursion Measurement17

7 DUMMY POSITIONING AND MEASUREMENTS 197.1 Determine the H-point of the drivers seat 197.2 Determine the H-point of the Passengers Seat 207.3 Dummy Installation 207.4 Dummy Placement 217.5 Dummy Positioning 217.6 Child Restraint System (CRS) Installation and Child Dummy Placement 237.7 Dummy Measurements 27

8 STILL PHOTOGRAPHY 289 TEST PARAMETERS 30

9.1 Deformable Barrier 309.2 Speed 309.3 Overlap 309.4 Door Opening Force 319.5 Dummy Removal 319.6 Intrusion Measurements 31

10 CALCULATION OF INJURY PARAMETERS 3210.1 Head 3310.2 Neck 34

10.3 Chest 34


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10.4 Femurs 3410.5 Knees 3410.6 Tibia 3410.7 Child Dummies 35

Appendix I 36BARRIER SPECIFICATION 37

1 Component and Material Specifications 372 Aluminium Honeycomb Certification 383 Adhesive Bonding Procedure 404 Construction 415 Mounting 41


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1 VEHICLE PREPARATION

1.1 Unladen Kerb Mass

1.1.1 The capacity of the fuel tank will be specified in the manufacturers booklet. This

volume will be referred to throughout as the fuel tank capacity.

1.1.2 Syphon most of the fuel from the tank and then run the car until it has run out of fuel.1.1.3 Calculate the mass of the fuel tank capacity using a density for petrol of 0.745g/ml or

0.840g/ml for diesel. Record this figure in the test details.

1.1.4 Put water, or other ballast, to this mass in the fuel tank.

1.1.5 Check the oil level and top up to its maximum level if necessary. Similarly, top up

the levels of all other fluids to their maximum levels if necessary.

1.1.6 Ensure that the vehicle has its spare wheel on board along with any tools supplied

with the vehicle. Nothing else should be in the car.

1.1.7 Ensure that all tyres are inflated according to the manufacturers instructions for half

load.

1.1.8 Measure the front and rear axle weights and determine the total weight of the vehicle.

The total weight is the unladen kerb mass of the vehicle. Record this mass in thetest details.

1.1.9 Measure and record the ride heights of the vehicle at all four wheels

1.2 Reference Loads1.2.1 Calculate 10 percent of the fuel tank capacity mass as determined in 1.1.3

1.2.2 Remove this mass of ballast from the fuel tank, leaving 90 percent of the mass in the

tank.

1.2.3 Place both front seats in their mid-positions. If there is no notch at this position, set

the seat in the nearest notch rearward (this will be done more completely in Section

6).

1.2.4 Place a mass of equivalent to a Hybrid-III dummy (88kg with instrumentation and

cables) on each of the front seats.

1.2.5 Place 36kg in the luggage compartment of the vehicle. The normal luggage

compartment should be used i.e. rear seats should not be folded to increase the

luggage capacity. Spread the weights as evenly as possible over the base of the

luggage compartment. If the weights cannot be evenly distributed, concentrate

weights towards the centre of the compartment.

1.2.6 In the child restraints recommended by the manufacturer, place masses equivalent to

a 3 and a 1 year old child dummy on the rear driver seat and passenger seats

respectively (15kg and 11kg). If the child restraints are not available at this time then

default masses of 3kg should be added to the dummy masses.1.2.7 For two seater vehicles only, the mass of child dummies and child seats shall not be

included in the reference load. For vehicles with limited rear space, child seats and

dummies shall be included in the reference load.

1.2.8 Roll the vehicle back and forth to settle the tyres and suspension with the extra

weight on board. Weigh the front and rear axle weights of the vehicle. These loads

are the axle reference loads and the total weight is the reference mass of the

vehicle.

1.2.9 Record the axle reference loads and reference mass in the test details

1.2.10 Record the ride-heights of the vehicle at the point on the wheel arch in the same

transverse plane as the wheel centres. Do this for all four wheels.

1.2.11 Remove the weights from the luggage compartment and the front and rear seats.1.3 Vehicle Width and Overlap


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1.3.1 Determine the widest point of the vehicle ignoring the rear-view mirrors, side marker

lamps, tyre pressure indicators, direction indicator lamps, position lamps, flexible

mud-guards and the deflected part of the tyre side-walls immediately above the point

of contact with the ground.

1.3.2 Record this width in test details.

1.3.3 Determine the centre-line of the vehicle. Calculate 10% of the vehicle width(Section 1.4.6) and mark a line on the bonnet and bumper which is this distance from

the centre line on the steering-wheel side of the car. The distance from this line to the

widest point on the steering wheel side of the car will be the overlap with the

deformable barrier.

Take the pre-impact vehicle intrusion measurements at this point. See Section 2 for a

full description of how to do this.

1.4 Vehicle Preparation

Care should be taken during vehicle preparation that the ignition is not switched on with the

battery or airbag disconnected. This will result in an airbag warning light coming on and theairbag system will need to be reset. The manufacturer will need to be contacted if this occurs.

1.4.1 Ensure that the vehicles battery is connected to the vehicles electrical circuit in its

standard position. Check that the dashboard light for the airbag circuit functions as

normal. Alternatively, the vehicle battery acid may be drained or an additional live

battery may be placed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle. If the supply from

the drained battery is not supported by an additional battery, the test must be

conducted within fifteen minutes after draining the battery. Where any additional

battery is used it must be connected directly to the original battery so that the

vehicles original electrical system, cable routing and connections remain unaltered.

The power cables connecting both batteries must be positioned on the non-struck side

of the car in such a way to minimise the risk of the cable being cut during the impact.

The cable used to connect both batteries must have a minimum cross section of 5mm2

to ensure a minimum voltage drop. The current supplied to the vehicle must be

monitored throughout the impact across the original battery. Where an additional

battery is to be used the vehicle manufacturer will be required to indicate the

minimum voltage/current needed during the test for all systems to operate as intended.

The manufacturer will be asked to confirm that the laboratory modifications are

suitable for use in the vehicle being tested and will not influence any of the vehicle

systems.

1.4.2 In the event that the engine fluids are to be drained then drain the coolant, oil, air-

conditioning (air conditioning refrigerant should be drained without venting it to theatmosphere) and Power Assisted Steering (PAS) fluids.

1.4.3 If the fluids are drained then measure the weights of each of these fluids, excluding

the air conditioning fluid, and replace with an equivalent weight of water or other

ballast.

1.4.4 Remove the luggage area carpeting, spare wheel and any tools or jack from the car.

The spare wheel should only be removed if it will not affect the crash performance of

the vehicle.

1.4.5 An emergency abort braking system may be fitted to the vehicle. This is optional; the

test facility may elect to test without an abort system. Where such a system is fitted its

inclusion shall not influence the operation or function of any of the foot controls, in

particular the brake pedal. The position and the resistance to movement of the pedalsshall be the same as prior to fitment of the system. Remove as little as possible of the


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interior trim; any mass compensation will be made when all equipment has been

fitted.

1.4.6 Fit the on-board data acquisition equipment in the boot of the car. Also fit any

associated cables, cabling boxes and power sources.

1.4.7 Place weights equivalent to a Hybrid-III dummy (88kg) in each of the front seats of

the car (with the seats in their mid-positions).1.4.8 In the child restraints recommended by the manufacturer, place masses equivalent to a

3 and a 1 year old child dummy on the rear drivers seat and passenger seat

respectively (15kg and 11kg). If the child restraints are not available at this time then

default masses of 3kg should be added to the dummy masses.

1.4.9 Weigh the front and rear axle weights of the vehicle. Compare these weights with

those determined in Section 1.2.7.

1.4.10 If the axle weights differ from those measured in Section 1.2.7 by more than 5% (of

the axle reference loads) or by more than 20kg, remove or add items which do not

influence the structural crash performance of the vehicle. Similarly, if the total

vehicle mass differs by more than 25kg from the reference mass, non-structural items

may be removed or added. The levels of ballast in the fuel tank (equivalent in mass to90% capacity of fuel) may also be adjusted to help achieve the desired axle weights.

Any additional mass that is added to the vehicle should be securely and rigidly

attached.

1.4.11 Repeat Sections 1.5.9 and 1.5.10 until the front and rear axle weights and the total

vehicle weight are within the limits set in 1.5.10. Record the final axle weights in the

test details.

1.4.12 The vehicle manufacturer will be required to inform Euro NCAP and the test

laboratory of the presence of any pre-crash systems that must be disabled prior to

impact. Disabling information shall be provided to the laboratory prior to impact. It is

the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to ensure that the disconnection of the

system does not influence the performance of any systems that are intended to

function during the impact.

1.5 Vehicle Markings1.5.1 Euro NCAP markings will be attached to the exterior of the vehicle in the following

locations; upper half of drivers door, upper half of front passengers door and on the

front half of the roof of the vehicle. Refer to figure 1.1 below.

1.5.2 Test house logos may be added to the vehicle provided that they do not detract

attention from the Euro NCAP markings. Suitable locations for such markings would

be the lower half of the rear doors and on the bonnet at the base of the windscreen.

TEST LAB

Figure 1.1


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2 INTRUSION MEASUREMENTS

For vehicle deformation and intrusion measurements a 3D measuring system which is

capable of recording 3 dimensional co-ordinates of a point in space can be used. A tolerance

of +/- 1mm is applicable to such a system. The system requires an axis system to be set up

relative to the object to be measured, typically the transverse, longitudinal and verticaldirections of a vehicle. An origin is first needed, followed by a point on the positive x axis

and then a point in the positive x-y plane. Since the front of the vehicle is highly deformed

after the impact, it is simplest to use some structure at the rear of the vehicle as a reference

for measurement; this obviates the need to level the car after testing, the accuracy of which is

limited. Most of the procedure which follows relates to the setting up of these axes.

2.1 Before Test2.1.1 Determine and mark the centre of the clutch, brake and accelerator pedals.

2.1.2 Set the steering wheel to its mid-position, if it is adjustable for either rake or reach

(for full description of how to do this, see Section 6).

2.1.3 Remove the centre of the steering wheel or, if fitted, the airbag assembly to exposethe end of the steering column. When doing this, carefully note the connections to the

airbag which will need to be remade on re-assembly. Follow the manufacturer's

instructions when removing the airbag and/or steering wheel assemblies.

2.1.4 Determine and mark the centre of the top of the steering-column.

2.1.5 Remove the carpet, trim and spare wheel from the luggage compartment. The plastic

trim or rubber seals that might influence the latching mechanism should be re-fitted

once the intrusion measurements have been recorded. This is to ensure that any

opening of the rear door during the impact is not caused by the omission of some part

of the trim around the latching mechanism.

2.1.6 Locate the vehicle axis reference frame (see Figure 2.1) centrally to the rear of the

vehicle.

Figure 2.1 Setting up axis reference frame

2.1.7 Level the reference frame.

2.1.8 Measure and record the stud heights of the reference frame. These will be used after

the test to help reset the reference frame, if required.

2.1.9 If it is necessary to lean on the vehicle to reach the following points, the vehicle

should be supported to maintain the ride heights during measuring.

2.1.10 Set up the vehicle co-ordinate axes in the 3D arm or similar device.

2.1.11 Mark and record the position of at least 5 datum points on the rear of the vehicle.

These points should be on structures which are not expected to be deformed in the


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test and should be positioned such that they have wide spaced locations in three

dimensions and can all be reached with the 3D measuring system in one position.

2.1.12 Working on the passenger side of the vehicle determine and mark the positions on the

B-post which are: i) at a distance of 100 mm above the sill.

ii) at a distance of 100 mm beneath the lowest level of the

side window aperture.All points should be as close as possible to the rubber sealing strip around the door

aperture.

2.1.13 Measure and record the pre-impact positions of the two door aperture points.

2.1.14 Working on the drivers side of the vehicle determine and mark the positions on the

A and B posts which are: i) at a distance of 100 mm above the sill.

ii) at a distance of 100 mm beneath the lowest level of the side

window aperture.

All points should be as close as possible to the rubber sealing strip around the door

aperture.

2.1.15 Use the arm to measure the pre-impact positions of the centre of the top of the

steering-column and the four door aperture points.2.1.16 Record the position of the centre of the un-depressed clutch, brake and accelerator

pedals and where applicable foot operated parking brake. If the pedal is adjustable, set

it to the mid position or a reasonable variation from this in accordance with the

manufacturers recommendations for the 50thpercentile position.

2.1.17 Replace the steering wheel and airbag assembly. Check that all bolts are securely

fastened. Ensure that all connections to the airbag are replaced and check the

dashboard light to confirm the circuit is functional.

2.2 After Test

2.2.1 Before dummy removal measure the distance between all foot pedals and a fixed

point in the footwell e.g. seat runner, seat mounting bolt. If access cannot be gained

remove the dummies, according to Section 9.6, taking care not to disturb any pedals

and then record the measurement. This measurement should be re-checked before the

pedals are measured with the 3D measuring system. If the pedal has moved re-

position the pedal using the measurement taken previously.

2.2.2 Remove the dummies according to Section 9.6 and remove the data acquisition and

emergency abort equipment (if fitted) from the luggage compartment.

2.2.3 Remove the centre of the steering wheel or airbag assembly.

2.2.4 Use any 3 of the 5 datum points at the rear of the vehicle, and their pre-impact

measurements, to redefine the measurement axes.2.2.5 If the axes cannot be redefined from any 3 of the datum points relocate the axis

reference frame in the same position as in Section 2.1.8. Set the studs of the frame to

the same heights as in Section 2.1.11 (Figure 2.2). The frame should now be in the

same position relative to the car as it was before impact. Set up the measurement axes

from the frame.

2.2.6 Record the post-impact positions of the B-post points on the unstruck passengers

side of the vehicle.

2.2.7 Compare the vertical co-ordinate of the B-post sill point before (Section 2.1.12) and

after (Section 2.2.5) the test.

2.2.8 Find the angle that best satisfies the following equation:z= -xsin+zcos for the

B-post sill point (where z= pre impact vertical measurement and x,z= post-impact


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longitudinal and vertical).

2.2.9 Working on the struck side of the vehicle, record the post-impact co-ordinates of the

centre of the steering column, the centre of the clutch, brake and accelerator pedals,

and where applicable a foot operated parking brake, with no load applied to them and

in the blocked position (loaded with 200N to produce the maximum moment about

the pedal pivot), the door aperture points. Prior to the blocked pedal measurement,i.e. with the 200N applied, the brake fluid shall be removed to avoid the build up of

hydraulic pressure. If the steering column has become detached during impact due to

the operation of the shear capsules, the column should be repositioned before

measurement in the upward and lateral directions so that it is in contact with whatever

structure(s) last constrained it from further movement. If any of the foot pedals

become detached do not take a measurement of that pedal.

2.2.10 Transform the post impact longitudinal and vertical measurements (x,z) using the

following equations.

2.2.11 Where is the angle determined in Section 2.2.8. XandZshould now be in the same

frame of reference as the pre-impact measurements.1

2.2.12 From the pre-impact and adjusted post-impact data collected, determine

i) the longitudinal, lateral and vertical movement of the centre of the top of

the steering column

ii) the longitudinal and vertical movement of all of the foot operated pedals

iii) the rearward movement of the A-post at waist level

iv)the reduction in width of the door aperture at waist and sill levels

2.2.13 Record these intrusion measurements in the test details.

Figure 2.2 Re-setting axis reference frame after test

1 This assumes that the point on the un-struck B-post sill is not displaced vertically or

laterally during the impact.

zx

-

=

ZX

cossin

sincos


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3 DUMMY PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION

3.1 General

3.1.1 Hybrid III test dummies should be used for the front seat driver and passenger

positions. They should conform to U.S. Department of transportation, Code of

Federal Regulations Part 572 Subpart E and ECE Regulation No. 94, except formodifications and additions stated later - See Section 3.3.

3.1.2 A Q1 child dummy, in a suitable Child Restraint System (CRS) (see Section 7.6),

shall be used in the rear passenger side seating position.

3.1.3 A Q3 child dummy, in a suitable CRS (see Section 7.6), shall be used in the rear

drivers side seating position.

3.2 Dummy CertificationFull details of the certification procedure for the Hybrid-III dummy are available elsewhere

(see Part 572 Subpart E of US Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations),

SAE Engineering Aid 23 and Annex 10 of ECE Regulation No. 94). Details of the

certification procedure of the Q1 and Q3 child dummies are available in the userdocumentation. No manufacturer shall have access to any pre-test information regarding any

of the test equipment to be used by Euro NCAP, or be permitted to influence its selection in

any way.

3.2.1 The Hybrid-III dummies shall be re-certified after every THREE impact tests.

3.2.2 The chest shall be certified according to the frequency above and should meet both

the low speed thorax test as prescribed by SAE J2779, as well as the full certification

test detailed in CFR572. Additionally, chest potentiometer calibration and polynomial

post processing shall also be performed as detailed in SAE J2517. See Technical

Bulletin 005 for more details.

3.2.3 The knee slider shall be certified to SAE J2867 after every THREE impact tests and

as specified in SAE EA23 after every NINE impact tests. See Technical Bulletin 006

for more details.

3.2.4 The Q1 and Q3 child dummies shall be re-certified after every TEN impact tests

(e.g. 5 frontal and 5 side impacts, or any combination of the two test types).

3.2.5 If an injury criterion reaches or exceeds its normally accepted limit (eg HIC of 1000)

then that part of the dummy shall be re-certified.

3.2.6 If any part of a dummy is broken in a test then the part shall be replaced with a fully

certified component.

3.2.7 Copies of the dummy certification certificates will be provided as part of the full

report for a test.

3.3 Additions and Modifications to the Hybrid III Dummies

3.3.1 The additions and modifications which will change the dynamic behaviour of the test

dummies from Part 572E specification dummies are:

3.3.1.1Ford 45 degree dorsi-flexion ankles/feet with rubber bump stops and padded heels are

fitted.

3.3.1.2 Roller ball-bearing knees, such as those supplied by ASTC, shall be fitted.

3.3.2 Extra instrumentation is also fitted such as enhanced instrumented lower legs and a 6-

axis neck. See Section 4 for a full instrumentation list.

3.3.3 Foam neck shields, such as those supplied by ASTC, must be fitted to the driver and

passenger if a frontal protection airbag is present.


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3.4 Dummy Clothing and Footwear3.4.1 Hybrid-III dummies

3.4.1.1 Each dummy will be clothed with formfitting cotton stretch garments with short

sleeves and pants which should not cover the dummys knees.

3.4.1.2 Each dummy shall be fitted with shoes equivalent to those specified in MIL-S13192rev P. (size XW)

3.4.2 Child Dummies

3.4.2.1Each child dummy shall wear their appropriate suits, Q3 part number 020-8000, Q1

part number 048-8000.

3.5 Dummy Test Condition

3.5.1 Dummy Temperature

3.5.1.1 The dummy shall have a stabilised temperature in the range of 19oC to 22oC.

3.5.1.2A stabilised temperature shall be obtained by soaking the dummy in temperatures that

are within the range specified above for at least 5 hours prior to the test.

3.5.1.3Measure the temperature of the dummy using a recording electronic thermometerplaced inside the dummys flesh. The temperature should be recorded at intervals not

exceeding 10 minutes.

3.5.1.4A printout of the temperature readings is to be supplied as part of the standard output

of the test.

3.5.2 Dummy Joints

All constant friction joints should have their stiffness set by the following method

3.5.2.1Stabilise the dummy temperature by soaking in the required temperature range for at

least 5hours.

3.5.2.2The tensioning screw or bolt which acts on the constant friction surfaces should be

adjusted until the joint can just hold the adjoining limb in the horizontal. When a

small downward force is applied and then removed, the limb should continue to fall.

3.5.2.3The dummy joint stiffnesses should be set as close as possible to the time of the test

and, in any case, not more than 24 hours before the test.

3.5.2.4Maintain the dummy temperature within the range 19 to 22C between the time ofsetting the limbs and up to a maximum of 10 minutes before the time of the test.

3.5.3 Dummy face painting

3.5.3.1With the exception of the Hybrid-III face, the dummies should have masking tape

placed on the areas to be painted using the size table below. The tape should be

completely covered with the following coloured paints. The paint should be applied

close to the time of the test to ensure that the paint will still be wet on impact.

Hybrid-IIIsEyebrows (left and right) Red

Nose Green

Chin Yellow

Left Knee Red

Right Knee Green

Left Tibia (top to bottom) Blue, Green, Red, Yellow

Right Tibia (top to bottom) Yellow, Red, Green, Blue

Child dummies

Top of Head Blue


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Head-band (colours from left to right) Red, Yellow, Green

NOTE: The tape should be completely covered with the coloured paints specified.

Paint Area Sizes:

Hybrid-IIIs

Eyebrows = (25/2) x 50mm

Nose = 25 x 40mm strip, down nose centre line

Chin = 25 x 25mm square, centre line of chin

Knees = 50 x 50mm square, knee centre line with bottom edge level

with top of tibia flesh

Tibias = 25mm x 50mm, 4 adjacent areas down leg centre line with

top edge level with top of tibia flesh

Child Dummies

Top of Head = 50 x 50mm squareHeadbands = 25mm wide, widest circumference remaining at eyebrow level at

front, extending to the head C of G at each side.

3.6 Post Test Dummy Inspection3.6.1 The dummies should be visually inspected immediately after the test. Any lacerations

of the skin or breakages of a dummy should be noted in the test specification. A

dummy may have to be re-certified in this case. Refer to Section 3.2.


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4 INSTRUMENTATIONAll instrumentation shall be calibrated before the test programme. The Channel Amplitude

Class (CAC) for each transducer shall be chosen to cover the Minimum Amplitude listed in

the table. In order to retain sensitivity, CACs which are orders of magnitude greater than the

Minimum Amplitude should not be used. A transducer shall be re-calibrated if it reaches its

CAC during any test. All instrumentation shall be re-calibrated after one year, regardless ofthe number of tests for which it has been used. A list of instrumentation along with

calibration dates should be supplied as part of the standard results of the test. The transducers

are mounted according to procedures laid out in SAE J211 (1995). The sign convention used

for configuring the transducers is stated in SAE J211.

4.1 Dummy Instrumentation

The dummies to be used shall be instrumented to record the channels listed below.

Hybrid-III

Location Parameter MinimumAmplitude Driver No ofchannels Passenger No ofchannels

Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 250g 3 3

Neck Forces FxFy 9kN 2 2

Fz 14kN 1 1

Moments, MxMyMz 290Nm 3 3

Chest Accelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3 3

Deflection, Dchest 100mm 1 1

Pelvis Accelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3 3

Femurs (L & R) Forces, Fz 20kN 2 2

Knees (L & R) Displacements, Dknee 19mm 2 2

Upper Tibia

(L & R)

Forces, FxFz 12kN 4 4

Moments, MxMy 400Nm 4 4

Lower Tibia2

(L & R)

Forces, FxFz(Fy) 12kN 4 4

Moments, MxMy 400Nm 4 4

Total Channels per Dummy 36 36

Total Channels 72

2Note that for both dummies the measurement of Fy is at the laboratorys discretion.


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Q3

Location Parameter Minimum Amplitude No of Channels

Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3

NeckForces

FxFy 1kN 2

Fz 2kN 1

Moments, MxMyMz 290Nm 3

ChestAccelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3

Deflection (frontal)* 50mm 1

Total Channels per Dummy 13

* Must be measured when dummy is restrained with an impact shield CRS, otherwise

optional measurement.

Q1

Location Parameter Minimum Amplitude No of Channels

Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3

NeckForces

FxFy 1kN 2

Fz 2kN 1

Moments, MxMyMz 290Nm 3

ChestAccelerations, AxAyAz 150g 3

Deflection (frontal)* 50mm 1

Total Channels per Dummy 13

* Must be measured when dummy is restrained with an impact shield CRS, otherwise

optional measurement.

4.2 Vehicle Instrumentation4.2.1 The vehicle is to be fitted with an accelerometer on each B-post. The accelerometers

are to be fitted in the fore/aft direction (Ax)

4.2.2 Remove carpet and the necessary interior trim to gain access to the sill directly below

the B-post.

4.2.3 Securely attach a mounting plate for the accelerometer horizontally on to the sill,without adversely affecting seat belt retractors and/or pretensioners.

4.2.4 Fix the accelerometer to the mounting plate. Ensure the accelerometer is horizontal

to a tolerance of 1 degree and parallel to the X-axis of the vehicle.

4.2.5 Attach lightweight (


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B-Post RHS Accelerations, Ax 150g 1

Driver Seatbelt

Shoulder Section

Force, Fdiagonal 16kN 1

Passenger SeatbeltShoulder Section

Force, Fdiagonal 16kN 1

Total Channels per Vehicle 4

TOTAL CHANNELS

1Driver Hybrid-III 36

1Passenger Hybrid-III 36

1Q3 13

1Q1 13

1Vehicle 4

Total Channels per Test 102


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5 CAMERA LOCATIONSSet up high speed film cameras according to the following diagrams


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Camera

No.

Camera Type Shot Content

1 >/= 500 fps high speed Driver (tight)

2 >/= 500 fps high speed Driver (wide)

3 >/= 500 fps high speed Backup for 2 (optional)

4 >/= 500 fps high speed Passenger (wide)

5 >/= 500 fps high speed Plan view (wide)

6 >/= 500 fps high speed Plan view (tight)

7 >/= 500 fps stills camera Driver (wide)

8 >/= 500 fps stills camera Backup for 7 (optional)

9 >/= 500 fps high speed Front view driver & passenger

10 >/= 500 fps high speed Backup for 9 (optional)

11 >/= 500 fps high speed Driver (wide)

12 >/= 500 fps high speedChild dummy max head excursion/head

protection Onboard

13 >/= 500 fps high speedChild dummy max head excursion/head

protection Onboard

5.1 The Euro NCAP High Speed Digital Film Specifications are contained in a separatedocument.

5.2 Lens sizes should be chosen appropriately in order to achieve the required shot

content/intention. In order to prevent view distortion, a minimum lens size of 9mm is

applicable.

5.3 Cameras 2, 7 and 9 are considered an essential requirement for all tests for media

coverage.

5.4 For forward facing CRS, cameras 12 and 13 shall be fitted on the 550mm excursion

line and point across the vehicle to capture head excursion. For rearward facing CRS,

the camera should capture the head protection/containment, there is no need position

the camera on the excursion line.

5.5 When attaching onboard cameras, the vehicle manufacturer should be consulted toensure that no damage is caused to the vehicle that would influence the impact

performance. Additionally, the test laboratory should be informed if the side curtain

airbags are expected to deploy during the impact. Where additional equipment is

added, the mass shall be offset when achieving the final test weight.


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6 PASSENGER COMPARTMENT ADJUSTMENTS

Adjustment Required Setting Notes Methods

Seat Fore/Aft Mid position as defined in Section

6.1

May be set to first notch

rearwards of mid position if

not lockable at mid position

See Section 6.1

Seat Base Tilt Manufacturer's design position Permissible up to Mid

Position

See Section 6.1.11

Seat Height Lowest position

Seat Back Angle (as defined by

torso angle)

Manufacturer's design position Otherwise 25 to vertical

As defined by Torso angle

See Section 7.1.1

Seat Lumbar Support Manufacturer's design position Otherwise fully retracted See Section 6.1.12

Front Head Restraint

Height & Tilt

Mid locking position As whiplash test position See Section 7.2

Whiplash testingprotocol

Steering wheel - vertical Mid position See Section 6.3

Steering wheel - horizontal Mid position See Section 6.2

Rear Seat Fore/Aft Mid position Vehicle manufacturer to

supply details of seat

position contained inhandbook when no

handbook is available at the

time of test.

See Section 6.4.1

Rear Seat Back Angle Manufacturer's design position Otherwise 25to Vertical See Section 6.1

Rear Seat Facing Forwards See Section 6.4.1

Rear Head Restraint Height As recommended in vehicle

handbook.

Where no details are

provided in the handbook,set to mid or next lowest

position. Must not interfere

with CRS installation.

Rear Head Restraint Tilt Mid locking position (where

adjustable)

As whiplash test position See Section 7.2

Whiplash testing

protocol.

Arm-rests

(Front seats)

Lowered position May be left up if dummy

positioning does not allowlowering

Arm-rests (Rear seats) Stowed position

Glazing Front - Lowered

Rear - Lowered or Removed

This applies to opening

windows only

Gear change lever In the neutral position

Pedals Normal position of rest

Doors Closed, not locked

Roof Lowered Where applicable

Sun Visors Stowed position

Rear view mirror Normal position of use


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Seat belt anchorage (where

adjustable)

Initially, manufacturers 50th

percentile design position

If no design position then

set to mid-position, or

nearest notch upwards

Adjustments not listed will be set to mid-positions or nearest positions rearward, lower or

outboard.

6.1 Determination of and Setting the Fore/aft, Tilt and Lumbar Settings of the Seat.6.1.1 The manufacturers seat fore/aft position which corresponds to the 95th percentile

male seating position will have been provided.

6.1.2 Place a mark on the moving part of seat runner close to the unmoving seat guide.

6.1.3 Move the seat to its most forward position of travel.

6.1.4 Mark the unmoving seat guide in line with the mark on the seat runner. This

corresponds to the seat in its most forward position.

6.1.5 Move the seat to the position of its travel provided for the 95th percentile male.

6.1.6 Mark the unmoving seat guide in line with the mark on the seat runner. This

corresponds to the 95th percentile males seating position.6.1.7 Measure the distance between the forwards and rearwards marks. Place a third mark

on the seat guide mid-way between the forwards and rearwards marks.

6.1.8 Move the seat so that the mark on the seat runner aligns with the mark on the seat

guide.

6.1.9 Lock the seat at this position. Ensure that the seat is fully latched in its runners on

both sides of the seat. The seat is now defined as being at its mid seating position.

The vehicle will be tested with the seat in this position.

6.1.10 If the seat will not lock in this position, move the seat to the first locking position that

is rear of the mid seating position. The vehicle will be tested with the seat in this

position.

6.1.11 If the seat base is adjustable for tilt it may be set to any angle from the flattest up toits mid position according to the manufacturers preference. The same seat tilt setting

must be used for frontal and side impact.

6.1.12 If the seat back is adjustable for lumbar support it should be set to the fully retracted

position, unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise or the dummy prevents this.

6.2 Setting the Steering Wheel Horizontal Adjustment

6.2.1 Choose a part of the facia that is adjacent to the steering column and can be used as a

reference.

6.2.2 Move the steering wheel to the most forward position of its travel

6.2.3 Mark the steering column in line with an unmoving part of the facia. This

corresponds to the most forward travel of the steering wheel.

6.2.4 Move the steering wheel to the most rearwards position of its travel

6.2.5 Mark the steering column in line with an unmoving part of the facia. This

corresponds to the most rearwards travel of the steering wheel.

6.2.6 Measure the distance between the forwards and rearwards marks on the steering

column. Place a third mark on the steering column mid-way between the forwards

and rearwards marks. This corresponds to the centre of travel of the steering wheel.

6.2.7 Move the steering wheel so that the mark on the steering column aligns with the

facia.

6.2.8 Lock the steering column at this position. The steering wheel is now in its mid-

position of travel. The vehicle will be tested with the steering wheel in this position.


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6.3 Setting the Steering Wheel Vertical AdjustmentA method that is in principle the same as Section 6.2 should be used to determine and set the

steering wheel vertical adjustment to the mid position.

It is unlikely that the same part of the facia used during the setting procedures for the

horizontal adjustments could be used for the vertical adjustment.

Care should be taken to avoid unintentional adjustment of the horizontal setting during thevertical adjustment procedure.

6.4 Use of The Gabarit and Marking For Child Dummy Head Excursion MeasurementA device known as a Gabarit (as defined in ECE Regulation 16) is used to check the

compatibility of the vehicle with ECE Regulation 44.03 Universal child restraints. This

device is used to check the following;

i) the position of the buckle tongue stop on the adult seat belt to ensure compatibility

with all types of child restraint.

ii) the length of the adult seat belt webbing compared to the requirement of Universal

restraints for those seats designated as suitable for such restraints.

iii) and the position of the adult seat belt hardware relative to the belt contact zonesspecified for universal child restraints.

Position the Gabarit in all seating positions within the vehicle, excluding the drivers, as

specified in ECE Regulation 16. Photographs of the installation, and in particular, the

position of the lap section of the belt (both sides) and buckle tongue slot in relation to the

150mm radius shall be taken. The position of the base of the Gabarit relative to the front of

the car seat base cushion should also be photographed for each seating position examined.

The photograph should be taken from a point in a horizontal plane passing through the top of

the car seat base cushion, to illustrate if there is an air gap between the gabarit base and car

seat base cushion and any other indication of insufficient belt webbing.

The test laboratory shall specify in the test report whether the three point seat belts fitted to

the vehicle are in accordance with ECE Regulation 16, Section 8.2.2.5.

This assessment will be done in accordance with ECE Regulation 16 Annex 13. The vehicle

handbook will be checked for guidance about which seat positions in the vehicle are suitable

for use with Universal child restraints and which seat positions are unsuitable for use by

children. In addition the Cr point within the vehicle will be defined by use of the Gabarit.

6.4.1 If the vehicle rear seat position is adjustable put it in the mid position of its horizontal

adjustment range, unless the manufacturers handbook says otherwise when usingchild seats, and adjust the seat back angle in accordance with the procedure in 7.1. If

the direction of facing of the seat is adjustable it should be set to face forward, with

its axis parallel to the fore/aft direction of the vehicle.

6.4.2 If the adult seat belt has an adjustable upper anchorage set the anchorage in the

lowest position unless permanently attached instructions on the child restraint or

vehicle suggest otherwise.

6.4.3 With the Gabarit positioned as specified in ECE Regulation 16, the positions of the

back and bottom planes of the device will be defined using the 3D Measuring arm,

targets will be applied to the top and side surfaces of the Gabarit to help in this

process. The intersection of these planes will define the Cr point for the seating

position in question. The Cr point is needed to give a reference point for headexcursion measurement on the dummy.


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7 DUMMY POSITIONING AND MEASUREMENTS

The following chapter deals with all aspects of seating the dummy in the vehicle to be tested.

A general timetable of the complete procedure is set out below:-

Timetable

1. Determine the H-point o

the drivers seat

2. Determine the H-point o

the passengers seat

3.Dummy installation

4. Dummy placement

5.Dummy positioning

6. Dummy positioning

measurements

When this is done

Before test day

Before test day

Before test day

Test day

Test day

Test day - after vehicle has

been positioned for test

7.1 Determine the H-point of the drivers seatThe device to be used is the H-point machine as described in SAE J826

If the seat is new and has never been sat upon, a person of mass 75 10kg should sit on the

seat for 1 minute twice to flex the cushions

The seat shall have been at room temperature and not been loaded for at least 1 hour

previous to any installation of the machine.

7.1.1 Set the seat back so that the torso of the dummy is as close as possible to the

manufacturers reasonable recommendations for normal use. In absence of such

recommendations, an angle of 25 degrees towards the rear from vertical will be used.

7.1.1.1The driver and passenger seatback angle and seat base shall be set to the same

position.

7.1.1.2Where one seat is height adjustable and the other is fixed, the relative angle betweenthe seat back and the ground should be the same for both seats.

7.1.1.3Where both seats are adjustable, the manufacturer is asked to supply recommended

settings. These should not differ from the nominal settings by more than a reasonable

amount. In any of the above situations, the manufacturer may provide convincing

information that the seat adjustments should be different from that specified here. If

so the fully supported request to vary the set up should be made to the Secretariat.

7.1.2 Place a piece of muslin cloth on the seat. Tuck the edge of the cloth into the seat

pan/back join, but allow plenty of slack.

7.1.3 Place the seat and back assembly of the H-point machine on the seat at the centre line

of the seat.

7.1.4 Set the thigh and lower leg segment lengths to 401 and 414mm respectively.7.1.5 Attach lower legs to machine, ensuring that the transverse member of the T-bar is


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parallel to the ground.

7.1.6 Place right foot on undepressed accelerator pedal, with the heel as far forwards as

allowable. The distance from the centre line of the machine should be noted.

7.1.7 Place left foot at equal distance from centre line of machine as the right leg is from

centre line. Place foot flat on footwell.

7.1.8 Apply lower leg and thigh weights.7.1.9 Tilt the back pan forwards to the end stop and draw the machine away from the seat-

back.

7.1.10 Allow the machine to slide back until it is stopped by contacting the seat back.

7.1.11 Apply a 10kg load twice to the back and pan assembly positioned at the intersection

of the hip angle intersection to a point just above the thigh bar housing.

7.1.12 Return the machine back to the seat back.

7.1.13 Install the right and left buttock weights.

7.1.14 Apply the torso weights alternately left and right.

7.1.15 Tilt the machine back forwards to the end stop and rock the pan by 5 degrees either

side of the vertical. The feet are NOT to be restrained during the rocking. After

rocking the T-bar should be parallel to the ground.7.1.16 Reposition the feet by lifting the leg and then lowering the leg so that the heel

contacts the floor and the sole lies on the undepressed accelerator pedal.

7.1.17 Return the machine back to the seat back.

7.1.18 Check the lateral spirit level and if necessary apply a lateral force to the top of the

machine back, sufficient to level the seat pan of the machine.

7.1.19 Adjust the seat back angle to the angle determined in 7.1.1, measured using the spirit

level and torso angle gauge of the H-point machine. Ensure that the torso remains in

contact with the seat back at all times. Ensure that the machine pan remains level at

all times.

7.1.20 Measure and record in the test details the position of the H-point relative to some

easily identifiable part of the vehicle structure

7.2 Determine the H-point of the Passengers SeatFollow the procedure for the determination of the drivers H-point ensuring that the distance

from the centre line to the legs is the same as that used in the determination of the drivers H-

point.

For both right and left feet, place the feet flat on the floor.

7.3 Dummy Installation

It is the intention that the dummy should not be left to sit directly on the seat for more than 2hours prior to the test. It is acceptable for the dummy to be left in the vehicle for a longer

period, provided that the dummy is not left in overnight or for a similarly lengthy period.

If it is known that the dummy will be in the vehicle for a time longer than 2 hours, then the

dummy should be sat on plywood boards placed over the seat. This should eliminate

unrealistic compression of the seat.


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7.4 Dummy PlacementIf the vehicle has only two side doors, it may be necessary to fit the child restraint systems

and child dummies (section 7.6) before setting up the Hybrid-III dummies in the front seats.

7.4.1 Ensure that the seat is in the correct position as defined by Section 6.1.

7.4.2 Place the dummy in the seat with the torso against the seat back, the upper arms

against the seat back and the lower arms and hands against the outside of the upperleg.

7.5 Dummy PositioningDummy positioning should be carried out immediately before the test and the vehicle should

not be moved or shaken thereafter until the test has begun. If a test run is aborted and the

vehicle brought to a standstill using an emergency braking method, the dummy placement

procedure should be repeated. If the dummy, after three attempts cannot be positioned within

the tolerances below then it is to be placed as close to the tolerance limits as possible. Record

this in the test details.

7.5.1 H-pointThe dummys H-point shall be within 13mm in the vertical dimension and 13mm in

the horizontal dimension of a point 6mm below the H-point as determined in Section

7.1. Record the position of the dummy H-point in the test details.

7.5.2 Pelvic Angle

The pelvic angle measurement gauge should read 22.5 2.5 from the horizontal.

Record the measured angle in the test details.

7.5.3 Head

The transverse instrumentation platform of the head shall be horizontal to within 2.5

Levelling of the head shall be carried out in this order:

-Adjust the H-point within the limit (par. 7.5.1)-Adjust the pelvic angle within the limits (par. 7.5.2)

-Adjust the neck bracket the minimum to ensure that the transverse

instrumentation platform is level within limits

Record the measured angle in the test details.

7.5.4 Arms

The drivers upper arms shall be adjacent to the torso as far as is possible

The passengers arms shall be adjacent to the torso and in contact with the seat back.

7.5.5 Hands

The driver dummys hands shall havetheir palms placed against the steering wheel at

a position of a quarter to three. The thumbs should be lightly taped to the wheel.

The passengers hands should be placed with the palms in contact with the outside ofthe legs and the little finger in contact with the seat cushion.


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7.5.6 Torso

The dummies backs should be in contact with the seat back and the centre line of the

dummies should be lined up with the centre line of their respective seats.

7.5.7 Legs

The upper legs of both dummies shall be in contact with the seat cushion as far as

possible. The distance apart of the outside metal surfaces of the knees of each dummyshall be 270mm 10mm (except if the left foot is placed on a footrest in par. 7.5.8

below). The legs of the dummies should be in vertical longitudinal planes as far as is

possible.

7.5.8 Feet

The driver dummys right foot shall rest on the undepressed accelerator pedal with

the heel on the floor. If the foot cannot be placed on the pedal then it should be placed

as far forwards as possible with the foot perpendicular to the lower tibia, in line with

the centre line of the pedal. The left foot should be placed as flat as possible on the

toe-board parallel to the centre line of the vehicle. If any part of the left foot is in

contact with a foot-rest or wheel arch when in this position then place the foot fully

on this rest providing a normal seating position can still be achieved. Keep the legs inthe same vertical longitudinal plane. The knee gap requirement of 270mm 10mm

may be ignored in this case. Note the knee gap in the test details.

The passenger dummys feet shall be placed with the heel as far forwards as possible

and the feet as flat as possible. Both feet shall be parallel to the centre line of the

vehicle.

7.5.9 Seat belt

7.5.9.1Where possible, initially position the upper seat belt anchorage in the manufacturers

50th percentile design position. If no design position is provided, set the adjustable

upper seat belt anchorage to the mid-position or nearest notch upward.

7.5.9.2Carefully place the seat belt across the dummy and lock as normal. It will be

necessary to re-position the hands as described in Section 7.5.5.

7.5.9.3Remove the slack from the lap section of the webbing until it is resting gently around

the pelvis of the dummy. Only minimal force should be applied to the webbing when

removing the slack. The route of the lap belt should be as natural as possible.

7.5.9.4Place one finger behind the diagonal section of the webbing at the height of the

dummy sternum. Pull the webbing away from the chest horizontally forward and

allow it to retract in the direction of the D-loop using only the force provided by the

retractor mechanism. Repeat this step three times, only.

7.5.9.5After following the above steps, the seatbelt should lie in a natural position across the

dummy sternum assembly and shoulder clavicle. Where this is not the case, forexample the belt is close to or in contact with the neck shield or the belt is above the

shoulder rotation adjustment screw, and the upper belt anchorage is adjustable the

anchorage should be lowered and steps 7.5.9.3 and 7.5.9.4 repeated.

7.5.9.6The upper anchorage should be lowered by a sufficient amount to ensure a natural belt

position following the repetition of .steps 7.5.9.3 and 7.5.9.4 repeated. This may

require multiple attempts.

7.5.9.7Once the belt is positioned the location of the belt should be marked across the

dummy chest to ensure that no further adjustments are made. Mark also the belt at the

level of the D-loop to be sure that the initial tension is maintained during test

preparation.

7.5.9.8Measure the vertical distance between the dummy nose and the diagonal webbing.7.5.9.9Measure the horizontal distance between the diagonal webbing and the door/window.


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7.5.9.10 Where the fitment of the shoulder belt loadcell (Section 4.2.5) significantly

influences the natural position of the belt, the loadcell may be supported from above

with the use of a weak non metallic wire or thread.

7.6 Child Restraint System (CRS) Installation and Child Dummy Placement

Two CRSs are to be fitted in the rear seat, one suitable for a 3 year old child, the other for an18 month old infant. Each will be the system recommended by the manufacturer for that size

of child. The type of system to be fitted will be determined from the manufacturer. There

must be sufficient space between the vehicle interior and CRS to allow for proper installation

of the restraint without the need for excessive force. The restraint must not be prevented from

sitting in its normal orientation, for example the vehicle interior trim must not cause any

obstruction. The dummies must also be allowed to rest in a normalposition.

7.6.1 Read the relevant sections of the vehicle handbook and the instructions provided with

the child restraint. This is to identify any special features of either the vehicle or the

child restraint that are intended to improve performance or may influence installation.

Instructions on tightening of the adult seat belt around the child restraint should benoted, but the installation itself should follow the procedure below.

7.6.2 Calibrate the seat belt tension load cells to be used in the CRS installation process at

the required load reading i.e. 50N for lap and diagonal installations and 75N for lap

belt applications directly before beginning the installation procedure.

7.6.3 Ensure that the seat and belt anchorage positions are as defined in section 6.4. In the

case of an adult seat belt that is capable of being switched from an emergency locking

retractor (ELR) to an automatic locking retractor (ALR) follow clear advice, obvious

to the user, about how the ALR feature should be used on any labels associated with

the seat belt (information given in the handbook will be ignored as reading of the

handbook cannot be assumed for all users).


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7.6.4 For Integral Harness Systems

7.6.4.1 Install the child restraint and place the dummy within it. Place the 2.5cm thick and

6cm wide flexible spacer between the back of the manikin and the back of the child

restraint. The lower end of the spacer should be at the height of the manikins hip

joint. Adjust the harness restraining the child in accordance with the manufacturers

instructions, but to a tension of 250 +/-50N above the frictional adjuster force. Theangle of pull on the webbing should be as indicated in the fitting instructions.

7.6.4.2Release the harness buckle, remove the spacer, refasten the harness and push the

dummy towards the seat back. Arrange the slack within the integral harness so that it

is evenly distributed. Make sure the dummy head is upright, and the legs are parallel.

Raise the dummy feet and allow them to fall lightly into a stable resting position.

Place the dummys hands so that they are resting on the top of the thighs and tape

them lightly in position using a weak paper tape.

7.6.4.3 In the case of a rearward facing restraint, use weak paper tape to locate the dummy

head relative to the back of the child restraint. The intention is to prevent dummydisplacement under acceleration during the vehicle run-up to the barrier. The tape

should be weak enough to break on impact of the vehicle with the barrier.

7.6.5 For Integral Harness Systems Installed With a 3 Point Seat Belt, With No Lock Off or

Lock Off Design That Can Be Released To Give No Friction During Installation

7.6.5.1Engage the adult seat belt buckle, fit one load cell outboard on the lap section of the

adult belt and one on the free webbing of the diagonal section between the child

restraint and the pillar loop. Establish a tension of 50N +/-5N in both the lap and

diagonal sections of the adult belt webbing. Apply lock-off devices if available. If the

design of the CRS is such that tension is maintained within the lap and diagonal

sections of webbing, remove the load cell on the free section of diagonal webbing.

However, if removal of the diagonal belt load cell changes the installation tension of

the belt, leave the load cell in place. Disconnect any electrical leads and stow them

ready for impact.

7.6.5.2 Draw all remaining webbing off the inertia reel of the adult seat belt and allow it to

retract slowly under the influence of its own retraction mechanism. Where an ALR

system is fitted this action may result in it being activated. If it is the intention for the

system not to be activated for the test then draw all the webbing from the reel and

allow it to fully retract, prior to the installation of the child seats. Do not fully draw

the webbing from the reel after this procedure has been completed.


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7.6.6 For Integral Harness Systems Installed With a 3 Point Seat Belt, With a Lock-Off

Design That Cannot Be Released To Give No Friction During Installation.

7.6.6.1Place the diagonal belt load cell between the lock-off and the buckle tongue slot and

leave it in position during the test. All other aspects of the installation are as per 7.6.5.

7.6.7 For Booster Seats In Which The Adult Belt Restrains The Child And In Which There

Is A Fixed Position Lock-Off.

7.6.7.1 Place the dummy in the seat with the spacer in position. Locate the diagonal load cell

between the lock-off and the buckle tongue slot, in a position where it will not

interfere with the dummys arm movement. Locate the lap section load cell on the

outboard adult belt webbing. Establish a load of 50N +/-5N in both sections of the

webbing. Leave the load cells in position if their removal would alter the set-up

tensions. Release the buckle, remove the spacer and refasten the buckle. Set the

dummy back in position as described above in section 7.6.4 and check the webbing

spooled on the inertia reel of the adult belt as per section 7.6.5.2.

7.6.8 For Booster Seats In Which The Position Of The Lock-Off/Shoulder Belt Guide Is

Adjustable.

7.6.8.1 Optimise the position of the lock-off/shoulder belt guide before beginning the

installation process. For those systems in which the adult belt is used to restrain the

child directly, insert the spacer and continue the installation as described in 7.6.7. If

the adult belt is used to restrain the child restraint rather than the child itself install the

load cells as described above. After installation to the specified tensions operate any

device that is specifically designed to increase adult seat belt tension by use of a lever

or cam type system or their equivalent. The intention is to correctly credit special

design features aimed at achieving improved installation.

7.6.9 For Child Restraints Using An Impact Shield To Restrain The Child.

7.6.9.1 Where an impact shield is used, the dummy chest deflection must be measured.

7.6.9.2 Install the dummy with the spacer and position the shield. Put load cells on lap and

diagonal sections of the seat belt. Establish a load of 50N +/-5N in both sections of

the webbing and, whilst manually clamping the webbing at the belt guides on the

impact shield, release the buckle and rotate the shield forward on the buckle side the

minimum amount necessary to allow removal of the spacer. Refasten the buckle,

check that the shield is positioned centrally, push the dummy back into the seat and

continue with remaining aspects of dummy positioning procedure described in

sections 7.6.4.2 and 7.6.5.2. It will probably be necessary to rest the dummy arms onthe shield rather than the thighs as has been suggested for other restraint types.

7.6.9.3 For seats installed with a static lap belt use one load cell on the non-buckle side of the

adult belt and establish a tension of 75N +/-5N equalised throughout the lap belt.

Leave the load cell in place if its removal would alter the set-up tension.

7.6.9.4 The time between child seat installation and impact should be subject to the same

limits that are applied to adult dummies and should be kept as short as possible.


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7.6.9.5 Retro-reflective marking should be applied to the dummy head in positions

likely to help assess dummy head movement at full excursion on the high speed films.

7.6.10For ISOFIX type seats

The installation protocol for these seats is under development. If any manufacturers

request the use of this type of seat the Euro NCAP Secretariat must be contacted for

installation instructions. Where a tensioning/ratchet device is provided to secure thechild restraint against the rear seats and/or floor etc, a force not exceeding 100N

shall be applied in the direction of the tensioning systems movement. Where a top

tether is present it should be attached to the anchorage, a maximum force of 50N 5N should be applied to the webbing from a position where the user would be

expected to install the tether. The angle of pull on the webbing should be as indicated

in the fitting instructions. Note: the 50N load is applied directly to the free end of the

tether, and intentionally does not take account of the internal frictional characteristics

of the adjuster.

7.6.11 For reclining child restraint systems

To set the seat angle firstly check the seat itself and instruction manual for

recommendations accompanying the seat. If no information is provided consult themanufacturer. If the manufacturer makes no recommendation set to its mid position.

PLEASE NOTE: ALL PASSENGER COMPARTMENT SETTINGS MUST BE

THE SAME FOR FRONTAL AND SIDE IMPACTS WITH THE EXCEPTION

OF SEAT HEIGHT, GLAZING AND HEAD RESTRAINT HEIGHT


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7.7 Dummy MeasurementsThe following measurements are to be recorded prior to the test after the dummy settling and

positioning procedures have been carried out.

H

Driver's Side Passenger's Side

A Chin to top of rim A Chin to facia

B Nose to top edge of glass B Nose to top edge of glass

C Stomach to rim C Stomach to facia*

D H-point to top of sill D H-point to top of sill

E Knee bolt to top edge of sill E Knee bolt to top edge of sill

F Knee bolt to top edge of bolster F Knee bolt to top edge of bolster*

G Head to roof surface G Head to roof surface

H Nose to webbing (vertically) H Nose to webbing (vertically)

JBelt webbing to door

(horizontally)J

Belt webbing to door

(horizontally)

Neck Angle Neck Angle

H-Point Co-ordinates (to vehicle) H-Point Co-ordinates (to vehicle)

Seat back angle (as defined by

torso angle)

Seat back angle (as defined by

torso angle)

J


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8 STILL PHOTOGRAPHY

The following photographs will be taken pre and post-test unless otherwise indicated. Pre-test

photographs will be taken with the dummies in their final positions. Examples of the

photographs required are given in Annex 1 (Euro NCAP Frontal Impact Photograph

Specification Version 1).

No. View1 Front view of barrier.

2 Side view of barrier.

3 Side view of barrier at 45 degrees to front.

4 Side view of barrier with vehicle.

5 Car RHS, with camera centred on junction of B-post waist, showing full car.

6 Car RHS, with camera centred on B-post waist, showing rear passenger compartment.

7 Car RHS, with camera aimed at waist height, showing driver's compartment.

8 Car RHS at 45 degrees to front.

9 Front view of car.10 Car LHS at 45 degrees to front.

11 Car LHS, with camera aimed at waist height, showing front passenger's compartment.

12 Car LHS, with camera centred on B-post waist, showing rear passenger compartment.

13 Car LHS, with camera centred on B-post waist, showing full car.

14 Driver and seat to show driver compartment and position of seat relative to the sill.

15 To show area immediately in front of driver.

16 To show driver's footwell area and location of dummy's feet and pedals.

17 Passenger and seat to show compartment and position of seat relative to sill.

18 To show area immediately in front of passenger.

19 To show passenger footwell area and dummy's feet.

20 To show both child dummies and restraints through LHS rear door.

21 To show both child dummies and restraints through RHS rear door.

22 *Overall view of where the car has come to rest after impact (including barrier).

23 *To show position of all door latches and/or open doors.

24 *To show driver knee contacts with facia (airbag should be lifted if obscuring view).

25 *To show passenger knee contacts with facia (airbag should be lifted if obscuring

view).

26 ^RHS rear seat belt anchorage with child restraint and dummy in place.

27 ^LHS rear seat belt anchorage with child restraint and dummy in place.

28 *Q3 dummy and restraint through RHS rear door.

29

*Q1 dummy and restraint through LHS rear door.

* Post-test only, ^ Pre-test only


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After Dummy Removal

No. View

30 Passenger compartment from rear window.

31 LHS interior from RHS of car.32 RHS interior from LHS of car.

33 LHS front door area.

34 RHS front door area.

35 Facia.

36 Passenger footwell.

37 Driver footwell.

38 Steering wheel taken perpendicular to driver's side.

39 Driver right knee impact point.

40 Driver left knee impact point.

41 Passenger knee impact area.

Note: The above photos are for a RHD car, for a LHD car camera locations will switch sides.


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9 TEST PARAMETERS

An on-board data acquisition unit will be used. This equipment will be triggered by a contact

plate at the point of first contact (t=0) and will record digital information at a sample rate of

20kHz (alternatively a sample rate of 10kHz may be used). The equipment conforms to SAE

J211.

BEFORE THE TEST, ENSURE THAT THE LIVE BATTERY IS CONNECTED, A

SINGLE KEY IS IN THE IGNITION, THE IGNITION IS ON AND THAT THE AIRBAG

LIGHT ON THE DASHBOARD ILLUMINATES AS NORMAL (WHERE FITTED)

If the vehicle is fitted with a brake pedal retraction mechanism which requires a vacuum

present in the brake system, the engine may be ran for a predetermined time, specified by the

manufacturer.

9.1 Deformable Barrier

Fix a deformable barrier to the concrete block. The height of this barrier should be 200mm5mmfrom the ground. A full description of the barrier and how it is to be fitted is given in

Appendix 1.

9.2 Speed9.2.1 Measure the speed of the vehicle as near as possible to the point of impact.

9.2.2 This speed should be 64km/h (40mph) 1km/h. Record the actual test speed in the

test details.

TARGET SPEED = 64km/h 1km/h

9.3 Overlap

9.3.1 With the vehicle offered up against the barrier, tape a small pin as near as possible to

that edge of the deformable barrier which is to be struck.

9.3.2 Mark the point on the bumper of the vehicle where the pin should strike if an exact

overlap of 40% was achieved.

9.3.3 After the test, if the mark made by the pin is not within the tolerance rectangle

described below, film analysis will be used to try to assess the overlap. Both the

horizontal and vertical alignments shall be noted in the test report.

TARGET OVERLAP = 40% 20mm

TARGET VERTICAL ALIGNMENT = 25mm


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After Test

9.4 Door Opening Force

9.4.1 Check that none of the doors have locked during the test

9.4.2 Try to open each of the doors (front doors followed by rear doors) using a spring-pull

attached to the external handle. The opening force should be applied perpendicular tothe door, in a horizontal plane, unless this is not possible. The manufacturer may

specify a reasonable variation in the angle of the applied force. Gradually increase the

force on the spring-pull, up to a maximum of 500N, until the door unlatches. If the

door does not open record this then try to unlatch the door using the internal handle.

Again attempt to open the door using the spring-pull attached to the external handle.

Record the forces required to unlatch the door and to open it to 45in the test details.

9.4.3 If a door does not open with a force of 500N then try the adjacent door on the same

side of the vehicle. If this door then opens normally, retry the first door.

9.4.4 If the door still does not open, record in the test details whether the door could be

opened using extreme hand force or if tools were needed.

Note: In the event that sliding doors are fitted, the force required to open the doorsufficiently enough for an adult to escape should be recorded in place of the 45

oopening

force.

9.5 Dummy Removal9.5.1 Do not move the driver or passenger seats. Try to remove the dummies.

9.5.2 If the dummies cannot be removed with the seats in their original positions, recline

the seat back and try again. Note any entrapment of the dummy.

9.5.3 If the dummies can still not be removed, try to slide the seats back on their runners.

9.5.4 If the dummies can still not be moved, the seats can be cut out of the car.

9.5.5 Record the method used to remove the dummies.

9.6 Intrusion MeasurementsTake the vehicle intrusion measurements. See Section 2.2 for a full description of how to do

this.

Where a specified requirement has not been met, Euro NCAP reserves the right to

decide whether or not the test will be considered as valid.


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10 CALCULATION OF INJURY PARAMETERS

The following table lists all of the channels which are to be measured and the Channel

Frequency Class at which they are to be filtered. Traces should be plotted of all of these

channels. The injury calculation column lists the parameters which will be calculated for

each location. If the injury parameter is not a simple peak value and involves some furthercalculation, details are given subsequently. Peak levels of head or neck parameters occurring

from impacts after the dummy head rebounds from an initial contact are not considered when

calculating maximum levels of injury parameters. Ringing or other anomalous spikes in the

data traces should be removed and peak values/HIC calculated without consideration of the

anomaly. A copy of both the original and unmodified traces must always be provided in the

data.

Location Parameter CFC Injury Calculation

Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 1000 Peak Resultant acceleration

HIC36Resultant 3msec exceedence

Neck Forces, FxFyFz 1000 Tension (+Fz) continuous exceedence

Shear (Fx) continuous exceedence

Peak Extension (My)IMoments, MxMyMz 600

Chest Accelerations, AxAyAz 180 Peak resultant acceleration

Resultant 3 msec exceedence

Peak deflection

Viscous Criterion

Deflection, D 180

Femurs

(L & R)

Forces, Fz 600 Compressive Axial Force (-Fz)

Continuous exceedence

Knees

(L & R)

Displacements, D 180 Peak displacement

Upper

Tibia

(L & R)

Forces, FxFz 600 Peak Tibia Compression (-Fz)

Tibia IndexMoments, MxMy 600

Lower

Tibia(L & R)

Forces, FxFz 600 Peak Tibia Compression (-Fz)

Tibia IndexMoments, MxMy 600

All CFCs taken from SAE J211


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Q3


Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 1000Peak Resultant acceleration

Resultant (+ve) 3msec exceedence

Neck Forces, FxFyFz 1000 Peak Tensile Force Fz

Chest

Accelerations, AxAyAz 180Peak resultant acceleration


Deflection 180 Peak deflection

Q1


Head Accelerations, AxAyAz 1000 Peak Resultant accelerationResultant (+ve) 3msec exceedence

Neck Forces, FxFyFz 1000 Peak Tensile Force Fz

Chest

Accelerations, AxAyAz 180Peak resultant acceleration


Deflection 180 Peak deflection

Using the above channels, dummy injury parameters can be calculated according to thefollowing procedures:

10.1 Head10.1.1 Calculate the resultant head acceleration ARfrom the three components Ax, Ayand Az

after they have been filtered and determine the maximum value of AR

10.1.2 Determine the highest value of the resultant head acceleration

10.1.3 Calculate the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) according to

A+A+A=A2Z

2Y

2XR

)t-t(

.dtA

)t-t(=HIC12

R

t

t

2.5

12

2

1


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where ARis expressed in multiples of g. Maximise HIC for any time window (t2-

t1) up to 36 milliseconds.

10.1.4 Determine the acceleration level which ARexceeds for a cumulative time period of

three milliseconds i.e. the head 3msec exceedence.

10.2 Neck10.2.1 Calculate the neck extension bending moment from

fx.d-M=)iM( yy

Where Myand Fxare bending moment and shear force respectively measured at the

transducer and d is the distance from the transducer to the interface

(d=0.01778).

See (SAEJ1733).

10.2.2 Determine the continuous exceedence of both the neck tension (F z positive) and

neck shear (Fx) forces.

10.3 Chest

10.3.1 Determine the greatest value of the chest deflection Dchest

10.3.2 Calculate the Viscous Criterion according to the equation

Viscous Criterion = 1.3 V(t)C(t)

D(t)is the instantaneous chest deflection at any time t. C(t)is the compression, related

to the chest deflection D(t)

0.229

D=C

(t)

(t)

V is the velocity of deflection and is calculated as the differential of the deflection with

respect to time:

t12

]D-D[-]D-D[*8=V

2)-(t2)+(t1)-(t1)+(t

(t)

where t is the time interval between successive digital samples of D(t).Calculate V(t)*C(t)

continuously with time and determine its greatest value.

10.4 Femurs10.4.1 For each of the femurs, calculate the continuous exceedence in compression (Fz

negative)

10.5 Knees10.5.1 For each of the knees, determine the greatest value of the knee displacement D

10.6 Tibia10.6.1 At the upper and lower of both the left and the right tibias, calculate the resultant

bending moment MRfrom Mxand Myafter they have been filtered.


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M+M=M2(t)Y

2(t)X(t)R

10.6.2 Calculate the Tibia Index (TI) at the upper and lower tibia of each leg according to

the equation

)F(F+

)M(M=TI

CZ

(t)Z

CR

(t)R(t)

TI(t)is the instantaneous value of the Tibia Index at time t. (MR)Cis the critical value

of the bending moment = 225Nm and (FZ)C is the critical value of the axial force =

35.9kN

The vertical lines indicate that the modulus should be taken.

10.6.3 Determine the highest value of the Tibia Index.

10.6.4 Determine the highest value of the axial compressive force measured at either the

upper or lower tibia.

10.7 Child Dummies10.7.1 For the Q3 and Q1 dummies, calculate the resultant head and chest acceleration AR

from the three components Ax, Ayand Azafter they have been filtered and determine

the maximum value of AR

10.7.2 For the Q3 and Q1 dummies, determine the greatest value of the Neck Fz tensile

force.

10.7.3 For the Q3 and Q1 dummies, determine the level which head and chest resultant

accelerations (+AR) exceed for a cumulative time of three milliseconds.

10.7.4 Where necessary, determine the greatest value of the chest deflection for the Q3 and

Q1 dummies..

A+A+A=A2Z

2Y

2XR


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Appendix I

Frontal Impact

Barrier Specification


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BARRIER SPECIFICATIONThe frontal impact barrier for testing and its mounting to the block shall conform to the

following specification:

1 Component and Material Specifications

The dimensions of the barrier are illustrated in Figure 1. The dimensions of the individual

components of the barrier are listed separately below.

Main Honeycomb Block

Dimensions

Height: 650mm [in direction of honeycomb ribbon (foil) axis]

Width: 1000mm

Depth: 450mm [in direction of honeycomb cell axes]

All above dimensions 2.5mm

Material: Aluminium 3003 (BS 1470)Foil Thickness: 0.076mm 15%

Cell Size: 19.1mm 20%

Density: 28.6kg/m3 20%

Crush Strength: 0.342MPa +0% -10%

[in accordance with test method described in Section 2]

Bumper Element

Dimensions

Height: 330mm [in direction of honeycomb ribbon axis]

Width: 1000mm

Depth: 90mm [in direction of honeycomb cell axes]


Material: Aluminium 3003 (BS 1470)

Foil Thickness: 0.076mm 15%

Cell Size: 6.4mm 20%

Density: 82.6kg/m3 20%

Crush Strength: 1.711MPa +0% -10%

[in accordance with test method described in Section 2]

Backing SheetDimensions

Height: 800mm

Width: 1000mm


Thickness: 2.0 0.1mm

Material: Aluminium 5251/5052 (BS 1470)


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Cladding Sheet

Dimensions

Height: 1700mm

Width: 1000mm


Thickness: 0.81 0.07mmMaterial: Aluminium 5251/5052 (BS 1470)

Bumper Facing Sheet

Dimensions

Height: 330mm

Width: 1000mm


Thickness: 0.81 0.07mm

Material: Aluminium 5251/5052 (BS 1470)

AdhesiveThe adhesive to be used throughout shall be a two-part polyurethane (such as Ciba-Geigy

XB5090/1 resin with XB5304 hardener, or equivalent).

2 Aluminium Honeycomb Certification

A complete testing procedure for certification of aluminium honeycomb is given in NHTSA

TP-214D-02. The following is a summary of the procedure as it should be applied to

0.342MPa and 1.711MPa material for the frontal impact barrier.

2.1 Sample LocationsTo ensure uniformity of crush strength across the whole of the barrier face, 8 samples shall be

taken from 4 locations evenly spaced across the honeycomb block. For a block to pass

certification, 7 of these 8 samples must meet the crush strength requirements of the following

sections.

The location of the samples depends on the size of the honeycomb block. First, four samples,

each measuring 300mm300mm50mm thick shall be cut from the block of barrier facematerial. Please refer to Figure 2 for an illustration of how to locate these sections within the

honeycomb block. Each of these larger samples shall be cut into samples for certification

testing (150mm150mm50mm). Certification shall be based on the testing of two samplesfrom each of these four locations. The other two should be made available to the customer,

upon request.


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2.2 Sample SizeSamples of the following size shall be used for testing:

Length = 150mm 6mm

Width = 150mm 6mm

Thickness = 50mm 2mm

The walls of incomplete cells around the edge of the sample shall be trimmed a

Documents

Frontal Impact EURO NCAP.pdf