“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the...
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“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron
curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie
all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,
Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations
around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are
subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to
a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from
Moscow. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these
Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and
power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain
totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly
every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true
democracy. --Winston Churchill 1947 DO NOWWHAT DOES CHURCHILL MEAN
BY IRON CURTAIN?
Slide 2
2 superpowers emerge after World War II United States Soviet
Union (Russia/USSR) The struggle between them was known as the Cold
War Political, military and economic battle between the U.S. and
Soviet Union Capitalism/Democracy vs. Communism Natural Resources
Markets THE COLD WAR 1945-1991
Slide 3
The U.S. establishes a new foreign policy during the Cold War
Containment The U.S. wanted to limit the spread of communism to
where it already existed (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe)
CONTAINMENT
Slide 4
Map of Europe during Cold War
Slide 5
The U.S. does not always support democratic governments often
it supports dictatorships who are anti-Communist Nationalist China
(Chiang kai-Shek) Chile (Augusto Pinochet) Iran (Shah Pahlavi)
Vietnam (Ngo Dinh Diem) Cuba (Fulgencio Batista) Also, the Cold War
can be seen as a form of imperialism The US and Soviets were
competing for new markets as well as sources of raw materials WHATS
THE PURPOSE OF CONTAINMENT?
Slide 6
How is the policy of containment a change from the traditional
version of U.S. foreign policy? DO NOW
Slide 7
In 1945 the United Nations was founded after being suggested by
Franklin Roosevelt Its predecessor was the League of Nations The
purpose was to settle disputes peacefully Unlike the League of
Nations, most nations, including the US, joined the UN THE UNITED
NATIONS
Slide 8
While Eastern Europe is under the influence of the Soviet
Union, Western Europe is struggling after the end of WWII The U.S.
fears Western Europe may turn to communism if their economies dont
improve The U.S. gave economic aid to Western Europe to help them
return to prosperity MARSHALL PLAN
Slide 9
Greece and Turkey were two countries along the Iron Curtain in
danger of falling to communism President Harry Truman said the U.S.
will arm people fighting communism TRUMAN DOCTRINE
Slide 10
1948The Berlin Airlift Berlin (Germanys capital) had been
divided at the end of WWII It was located in East Germany
(Communist) COLD WAR CONFLICT
Slide 11
The U.S. was allowed to supply West Berlin by the Soviet Union
after WWII 1948Stalin blockades the road to Berlin The U.S. is
forced to supply Berlin by air The purpose was to avoid a war over
Berlin (maybe WWIII???) BERLIN AIRLIFT
Slide 12
1961the Communists build a wall around East Berlin Economic
conditions in E. Berlin were bad compared to W. Berlin It was
intended to keep E. Berliners from leaving to W. Berlin But, it
became a symbol of the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviets Also
symbolic of the closed society that the Communist system was BERLIN
WALL
Slide 13
THE BERLIN WALL FELL IN 1989, THE SYMBOLIC END OF THE COLD
WAR
Slide 14
How did the U.S. try to limit the spread of communism in Europe
from the late 1940s to the early 1960s? CLOSING