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Friday PS 10-19
Test Review
Hand in day
Work/power
Hand in
• Yellow workbook
• Seat-belt position paper
Review for test on Monday
• ForcesDefinition- any push or pull on an objectUnits are NEWTONSIdentification
Applied forcesFrictionGravitational forcesMagnetic, electric forces
Forces
• Balanced forces = when all the forces acting on an object cancel each other out
• Unbalanced forces = when all the forces do not cancel each other out (more force on object in one direction than in others)
Net force
• The combination of all forces on an object
• For balanced forces Fnet = 0
– At rest or at constant velocity
• For unbalanced forces Fnet ≠ 0
– acceleration
Weight, mass
• Weight = the force due to gravitational pull on an object
W = mg g = 10 m/s2 on earth
• Mass = the amount of matter that makes up an object
• Differences? Similarities?
Inertia
• Is the measure of an objects resistance to change in its motion
• Directly related to the amount of mass
Newton’s 3 laws
• !st
• 2nd
• 3rd
• When does an object change its motion (accelerate)?
Collisions and the laws
• Be able to use the laws of motion to explain what happens in different types of collisions
• Front crash• Rear crash• At least 2 reasons for head rests• Does the bus and the car exert the same
amount of force on each other?• Why are people less injured on the bus?
Collisions and the laws
• Seat-belt configurations
• What is wrong with just lap-belts?
• Why are seat-belts flat and wide?
• What are uses for EKG’s, MRI’s and Xrays?
Free body diagrams
• FBD’s purpose: To visually show how the forces are arranged on an object
• Components of a free-body diagram– Forces– Object– Direction arrow
FBD
• Where do all but the direction arrow originate in the diagram?
• How are the forces of air resistance or friction drawn on FBD?
• How is the force of gravity drawn on any FBD?
2nd law problems
• Using Fnet = ma
• Units for each part are…?
• Triangle set-up
Advanced 2nd law problems
#1 Have to use the acceleration equation first then use 2nd law
#2 Have to determine Fnet first, then use 2nd law
Example
• Nicole slows down in her BMW from 15 m/s to 3 m/s in 42 seconds. What is the mass of her car if the net force on it is 7312 N?
Law Universal Gravitation
• There is a gravitational attraction between any two items that have mass.
• The amount of the force is related to the mass of each object and the distance their centers are apart
• More mass, less distance greater force
Free Fall
• Any object that moves under the influence of only the force due to gravity
• Thrown, Dropped objects
• Acceleration = 10 m/s2 or (9.8)
Terminal velocity
• The maximum velocity reached by a dropped object
• Occurs when the downward gravitational force is matched by the upward force of air resistance
• Air resistance depends on surface area and speed of object
Action and reaction forces
• Identification in the real world
• Equal and opposite
• Applied to different objects
• May have different effects
Momentum
• A quantity of motion
• The value of an objects mass times its velocity
• To have momentum the object has to be ___________.
Change in momentum
• To change an object’s momentum requires a net force being applied
• The greater the force and the longer the time applied the bigger change in momentum
• Baseball/softball examples• Fender benders vs totaling the car
Momentum change in a accident
• The amount of change in momentum is constant
• Change can be brought about different ways
More time less forceLess time more force
Seat Belts, crumple zones, air bags, Padded dashboards
Conservation of momentum
• In a system, momentum can not be created or destroyed, but can be transferred
• Momentum is direction oriented
• Billiards balls
Metric conversion
• 0.302 km _________ mm
What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Homework
• P368-370
Problems 7-11
Problems 18-20
Problems 32,34,39,40
Answers to homework
• P368-370
7 B
8 D
9 B
10 D
11 A
• 18 Free fall means there is only the force of gravity
Weightlessness = no force of gravity
19 less force of gravity, so acceleration due to gravity is less than 9.8
20 when the upward force of air resistance = force of gravity
• 32 a 195 kg m/s• 32 b 440 kg m/s• 32 c 0 kg m/s• 32 d 12 kg m/s
• 34 gravitational force is much less (1/16th)• 39 acceleration would be doubled• 40 a. Train, b. ball, c. equal, equal but
opposite