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French Upper Air Network Design and Implementation
Magali STOLL
Head of Upper Air Observing Systems Department
Météo France – Direction of Observing Systems
TECO 2008
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
2
Presentation
Study on the French Upper Air Network evolution
1. Context, domain, deliveries
2. Needs, offer, capacities
3. Main orientations Design and implementation of the French Upper Air Networks
1. Radiosondes
2. Water vapour by GPS
3. Aircraft observations
4. Ground remote sensing
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Prospective study on the evolution of the upper air observing network for the needs of Météo France (2005-2007)
Context– Increasing cost of the radiosounding network
– Strategy and objectives of Météo France for the next 5 to 10 years
– Eumetnet, Eumetsat, GMES, WMO programmes
Domain– Radiosondes and other upper air systems, complementary with satellites
Delivery– General requirements, classified at 3 levels : global, regional, national
– Analysis of the capacity for the current and future systems
– Evaluation of the total cost and constraints for the evolutions
– Main orientations for the next 10 years
– Objectives, planning and budget for 2008 to 2012
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Needs in upper air data
Update of the needs– Meteo France is concerned by the global, regional and local needs– Documents WMO, Eumetnet and Eumetsat give recommandations– A survey has been made inside Météo France to complete them
General needs– Permanent : climatology and forecasting – New : climate change, meso scale numerical models (Arome)– Future : physico chemical applications
Trends – Profiles more precise on the vertical with information on the horizontal
position– Wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions needs depending on the
applications– Less constraints on the horaries (4DVAR…)– Progress to do to access to the data, to use and to visualise them
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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General requirements Global Régional National
Scale > 1000 km 100 à 1000 km < 100 km
Applications Climate and changes
Satellite calibration
Global NWP control
Global NWP assimilation
Regional NWP assimilation
Regional NWP control
Satellite control
Mesoscale NWP control Mesoscale NWP assimilation
Short terme forecasting
Nowcasting
Systems calibration
Users assistances
Profiles P, T, U, V + (O3) P, T, U, V P, T, U, V + hydrometeores
Height 30 km 20 km 10 km
Density 500 to 1000 km 50 to 500 km 10 to 50 km
Frequency 12 h to 24 h 3 h to 12 h 5’ to 3 h
Delivery 2 h to 1 month 1 to 2 h 15’ to 1 h
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Systems capacitiesGlobal Régional National Cost / profile
P, T, U , V : RS +++ ++ + - - -
V : profileur VHF + ++ + - -
V : profileur UHF + +++ -
T, U : radiometer + +++ -
V, T,(U) : lidar, sodar ++ - -
P, T, V (U, O3) : Aircraft
+ ++ +++ + ( - )
V : radars (Doppler) + +++ +
U : GPS (ZTD) + ++ + + +
T, U, (V) : satellite ++ ++ + To be evaluated
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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French upper air network : Main Orientations Optimisation of the radiosounding network
– « Walls » of the composite upper air networks and satellites– To satisfy in priority the global needs, then the regional and at least the national ones – To adapt horaries, frequency and altitudes at the needs level– To automatize if necessary and possible
Extension of the upper air network with existing systems– To satisfy in prirority the national and regional needs– To valorize and enhance the systems and networks owned by partners– GPS : geography, Amdar : airlines, profilers : research, radars: hydrology
Experimentation of new or recent systems before deploiement– To cover in priority the local and meso scale applications– Ground remote sensing : lidar, sodar, radiometer, alone or colocated with profilers– Onboard aircraft sensors : T-AMDAR, WVSSII
Integration of environmental data into the global observing system– To cover in priority the global needs (GCOS)– Integration of RS ozones with RS (GRUAN)– Development of real time physico chemical aircraft measurements (IAGOS)
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Current French RS Network (22 stations)
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Optimisation of the French Territorial Radiosounding network
Main Objectives– Needs that could not be satisfied by other systems
– Reduction of the total cost, human and financial
– Automatisation when useful and possible
Re Design of the RS network : – Global : permanent
– Regional : to review in 10 years if other equivalent systems useful
– National : non permanent, to be replaced by other current systems
Implementation of the future RS network – Evaluation of the employment and cost impacts
– Feasibility study : technical, financial, human and users aspects
– Planification of the feasible implementation
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Current and designed radiosoundingsWMO region
Previous number of RS per day
Designed number of RS
per day
Previous targets (90%)
Designed Target (50%)
TRAPPES VI 2 2 23 km 30 km
NOUMEA V West 2 2 19 km 30 km
FAAA V East 2 2 19 km 30 km
KERGUELEN I 1 2 19 km 30 km
ROCHAMBEAU III 2 2 19 km 30 km
TERRE-ADELIE Antartic 1 2 19 km 30 km
Level Global 10 12BORDEAUX VI 2 2 23 km 20 km
AJACCIO VI 2 2 19 km 20 km
BREST VI 2 2 19 km 20 km
NIMES VI 2 2 19 km 20 km
ASFR1 (ASAP) VI 2 2 19 km 20 km
ASFR2 (ASAP) VI 2 2 19 km 20 km
ASFR3 (ASAP) VI 2 20 km
ASFR4 (ASAP) VI 2 20 km
LE RAIZET IV 2 1,5 19 km 20 km
TROMELIN . REUNION I 1 2 19 km 20 km
ATUONA V East 1 2 19 km 20 km
RIKITEA V East 1 2 19 km 20 km
Level Rgional 17 23,5LYON VI 2 0 19 km
NANCY VI 2 0 19 km
RAPA V East 1 0 19 km
TAKAROA V East 1 0 19 km
TUBUAI V East 1 0 19 km
AMSTERDAM I 1 0 19 km
TOTAL 35,0 35,5
Station
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RS evolution for 2009 to 2012
First optimisation of the radiosounding network – Terrestrial RS : progressive implementation of a V1 network
– Onboard ships RS : extension from 2 to 4 with compensation by EUCOS
– Ozone RS : qualification and integration of partners observations
– Adaptative RS : automatisation of a set of chosen stations
– Wind Pilots : study on the oversea territory network evolution
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Initial GPS network used for met applications
GPS stations in 2005
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Improvement of GPS data (V1)and extension of the network (V2)
Enhancement of GPS data : designed network V1– To satisfy in priority the numerical models at regional scale
– Delivery of data from 170 stations on France
– Avaibility of ZTD in less than 90’
– Frequency of measurements every 15’
– Implementation of quality management
– Integration into the E-GVAP Eumetnet program
Extension of GPS data : designed network V2– To satisfy the needs for mesosacle and nowcasting applications and to
cover the oversea territories
– Consolidation of the operations for the production of ZTD
– Production of IWV data and map
27 November 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg
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Implementation of the V1 GPS French network
64 64 63 6569 69
81 81 81
94 97
112 114 115120 122
129
141 144 145 146
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
Juin 06
Juil 06
Aoû 06
Sep 06
Oct 06
Nov 06
Déc 06
Jan 07
Fév 07
Mars 07
Avr 07
Mai 07
Juin 07
Juil 07
Aoû 07
Sep 07
Oct 07
Nov 07
Déc 07
Jan 08
Fév 08
Number of stations Objectives
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GPS network V1 in 2008
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Amdar observations (7/11/08)
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Current AMDAR data
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Potential French AMDAR data
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Exemple of intensification in Germany
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Demonstration of physico chemical aircraft data IAGOS project
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Evolution of the aircraft data
Objectives– Intensify the frequency of profiles on the French continental domain– Develop the number of data on the oversea territories– Propose to evaluate the quality of humidity sensor– Contribute to standardize Amdar and integrate humidity on aircraft– Prepare the real time delivery of aircraft environemental data
Activities– International programs
• E-AMDAR for Eumetnet for the Eucos area• Australia and USA Amdar programs for oversea territories• AMDAR Panel for WMO coordination
– National capacity • Research aircraft (Safire)• Memeber of the IAGOS project
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Current Wind Profilers European Network
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Evolution of wind profilers
Objectives– Consolidate and valorize the existing systems, operational and research
– Focus on applications : numerical model, aeronautic, environment, forecasting, research field experiment
– Evaluate the using and the impact of the profilers
– Study the optimum localisation for the assimilation by the model
Planification– For 2009 - 2012 : V1 of a sparse network and evaluation
– For 2013 – 2016 : V2 of a meso scale network, if needed and useful
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Potential French Doppler Radar
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Objectives proposed for Doppler radars
Qualification of the measurements – Profiles et 3D winds
– Quality management to define and implement
Extension of the network– Delivery of data for 16 radars
– Integration into the Eumetnet Winprof II program
Evaluation of the data using– By numerical model
– By forecasters
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Evaluation of recent remote sensing systems
Lidar – experimentation for the wind shear in Nice airport
Sodar – experimentation for the fog detection in Roissy Airport
Radiometers– evaluation of Hu and T propfiles in Toulouse
Colocated systems– Retrieval of PTUV profiles in the troposphère
And also– Evaluaion by forecasters of IASI Profiles from METOP satellite