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French Sites
Presentation
Pérès Guénola (ACO), Daniel Cluzeau (UR1)
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentationWP1 - French site presentation
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
3 Long Term Observatories
* Kerguéhennec (2000)
* Mons (2009) (SOERE-ACBB)
* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-PROs)
+
1 Farm network
2 LTO
* Kerguéhennec (2000)
* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-Pros)
1 LTO
* Lusignan (2005)(SOERE-ACBB)
Tillage Fertilisation Crop rotation
Kerguéhennec
Mons
EFELE
Lusignan
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
SOERE ACBB
Lusignan (2005)
Crop Rotation
Temporary grasslands
Lusignan
Lusignan
Experimental set up: management factors under study
Plot Treatment Grassland duration N input Grassland
Management
Main plots (‘small plots’)
T1 Crop rotation 0
N+
Cutting
T2 Grassland-crop rotation
3 yrs T3
6 yrs N+
T4 N-
T5 Permanent Grassland > 20 yrs N+
“Large plots“
T3 L 6 yrs
N+ Cutting T6 L N- Grazing T5 L
> 20 yrs N+ Cutting
T7 L N- Grazing
Initialisationplowing
Experimental set up: Rotations > 20 years
25 ha� 5 treatments x 4 reps = 20 main (‘small’) plots (0,4 ha)
� 4 large plots (3,2 ha)
Climatic and physical soil parameters�Meteo
�Soil humidity-temperature
Climatic and physical soil parameters�Meteo
�Soil humidity-temperature
Soil and vegetation characteristics�Above and below-ground biomass
�Soil organic matter
�Mineral balances
Soil and vegetation characteristics�Above and below-ground biomass
�Soil organic matter
�Mineral balances
Soil solution and drained water�Microlysimeters
�Succion cups
Soil solution and drained water�Microlysimeters
�Succion cups
Atmospheric fluxes� CO2 , H2O,
(2 Eddy covariance towers)
� N2O (2 x 6 automated enclosures)
Atmospheric fluxes� CO2 , H2O,
(2 Eddy covariance towers)
� N2O (2 x 6 automated enclosures)
Biodiversity�Plants: sawn species, weeds
�Fauna: earthworms,
insects, voles, …
�Micro-organisms
Biodiversity�Plants: sawn species, weeds
�Fauna: earthworms,
insects, voles, …
�Micro-organisms
Data collection: overview
Biological soil
Conservatory
- 40°C
DNA library
Data Basis
Sample
collections
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
3 Long Term Observatories
* Kerguéhennec (2000)
* Mons (2009) (SOERE-ACBB)
* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-PROs)
+
1 Farm network
2 LTO
* Kerguéhennec (2000)
* EFELE (2012) (SOERE-Pros)
1 LTO
* Lusignan (2005)(SOERE-ACBB)
Tillage Fertilisation Crop rotation
Kerguéhennec
Mons
EFELE
Lusignan
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Kerguehennec site
Kerguéhennec
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Ap
Bw
C
Soil derived from micaschist, Dystric Cambisol
(FAO) with a loamy texture and
high organic matter (4,3%)
Sand (50-2000 µm) 41 %
Silt (2-50 µm) 42 %
Clay (<2 µm) 17 %
pH (H20, 1 : 2.5) 6
C (g kg-1) 21
CEC (mequiv/100 g) 10 11
- Ocean climate,
- Mean annual precipitation : 890 mm
- Mean annual air temperature : 10.8°C
Kerguéhennec
Kerguéhennec
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Experimental station of Kerguéhennec (Morbihan dept.) of CRAB since 2000 � 2 experimental designs under conventional system FKT and FKA
"Transfer" experiment
FKT
-> impact of reduced tillage on run-off
"Agronomic" experiment
FKA
-> impact of reduced tillage
combined with OM inputs
12
Kerguéhennec
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
"Agronomic" experiment
FKA
-> impact of reduced tillage
combined with OM inputs
Treatments are compared since 2000
Crop rotation (4 years) : grain maize-wheat-rape-wheat-phacelia
Crop in January2017
Kerguéhennec
Sous-essai A: essai « scientifique »
L, TS, SD ; M, FV
Sous-essai B: essai « faisabilité »
L, TS ; LP, FB-M
Bloc 1 TS/FV TS/M SD/FV SD/M L/M L/FV L/M-
FB L/LP TS/M-FB TS/LP
Bloc 2 L/M L/FV TS/M TS/FV SD/M SD/FV TS/LP TS/M-
FB L/LP L/M-FB
Bloc 3 SD/FV SD/M L/FV L/M TS/FV TS/M L/M-
FB L/LP TS/M-FB TS/LP
Mineral fertilisation - M
Poultry manure - PM
Pig Slurry - LP
Cow manure– M/FB
10 traitements (12 m X 25 m) X 3 blocs � 30 plots
Rotation (4 ans) grain maize-wheat-rape-wheat-phacelia
With Equivalent N input
3 Tillage treatments 4 fertilisation treatmentsConventional Moulboard ploughing 25 cm (CMP)
Minimum tillage (MT)Harrowing at 8 cm then chisel since 2006
No till, Direct drilling (DS)
X
French Tillage treatments – FKA “Agronomical” (since 2000)
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
15
SOIL
Physical properties
Structural state of surface
Hydraulic conduticity
porosity
Structural stability
Morphological properties
Agricultural profil
Chemical properties
analysis
C and N stock
Biological properties
Earthworm
Microorganisms (biomass)
Nematodes
KFA - Many parameters measured every year or ponctually
CROPS
Disease
Pests
Weeds
Root profile
Crop yield and
component
Crop analysis
Kerguéhennec
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
"Transfer" experiment
FKT
-> impact of reduced tillage on run-off
16
3 Treatments are compared since 2000
with the same fertilisation
Crop rotation (every 2 years) : Grain maize – wheat – ray grass
Crop in January2017
Kerguéhennec
3 traitements (6 m X 50 m) X 3 blocs � 9 plots
Rotation (2 ans) : Grain maize – wheat –
ray grass RGI.
FertilisationPig slurry (before maize) Mineral (on wheat)
Conventional Moulboard ploughing 25 cm (CMP)
Minimum tillage (MT)Harrowing at 8 cm then chisel since 2006
No till, Direct drilling (DS)
3 Tillage treatments
French Tillage treatments – FKT “Transfer” (since 20 00)
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
SOIL
Physical properties
Run-off
Erosion
Soil stability
Hydraulic conductivity
Chemical properties
Concentration of herbicides
Phosphorus
Biological properties
Earthworm
Microorganisms
FKT - Many parameters measured every year or ponctually
Kerguéhennec
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen
SOERE ACBB
Estrées-Mons (2009)
Tillagecash crops and biomass crop rotation
Mons
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation MONS
� Deep loamy soil (Haplic Luvisol) with
deep rooting capacity
� Oceanic temperate climate,
� average annual precipitation : 684 mm
� average annual temperature : 10.4 °C
for the period 2006–2010.
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
* Ploughed once after switchgrass
** Except after rapeseed crop
MONS
Treatment Rotation Soil tillageCrop residues management
N fertilization Legume frequency
T1Conventionalmanagement
Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat
Annual ploughing Returned Reference N Low
T2 Reduced TillagePea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley,
Maize, WheatShallow tillage Returned Reference N Low
T3Reduced Tillage and Residues Removal
Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat
Shallow tillage Exported** Reference N Low
T4 Reduced Nitrogen Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat
Annual ploughing Returned 40% Reference N Low
T5Reduced Nitrogen and LEGuminous crops
Alfalfa, Alfalfa, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Wheat
Annual ploughing Returned 40% Reference N High
T6Residues Removal and PERennial crops
Switchgrass (6 years), Pea, Rapeseed, Wheat, Barley,
Maize, WheatShallow tillage* Exported** Reference N Low
Treatments : Tillage X crop residues management X N fertilization X Legume
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
24
plo
ts w
ith
6 t
rea
tem
en
tso
n 4
blo
cs
MONS
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen
Tensiometers
TDR probes
Porous cups
Plate lysimeters
T probes
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
• Temperature and air humidity
• Wind direction and strength
• Global radiation
• Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)
• Rainfall
Atmospheric measurements
• Soil tillage
• Fertilization
• Pesticides
Records of crop management technics
• Aerial biomass
• Root biomass
• Biomass composition (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg)
Vegetation measurements
MONS
• Earthworms
• Microorganisms
Biodiversity measurements
Soil measurements
• C, N,
• Carbon stock,
• Mineralisation,
• Temperature,
• Soil moisture
• Bulk density
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen
SOERE –PROs
EFELE (2012)
TillageOrganic matter management
EFELE
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
LA
Ag
E(g)
EBT(g)
BTg1
BTg2
IISg
IIIC
Oceanic climat
Pluvio : 700 mm / year
NEOLUVISOL/LUVISOLS-REDOXISOL limoneux
Loamy soil
pH 6 (0- 40 cm) – 7-7.5 (> 40 cm)
OM : 2%
EFELE
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Essai PROs4 blocs-9tts
Essai TS/MO3 blocs-4 tts
Lysimètres
Rotation : Maize/Wheat/ inter-crop : mustarde
EFELE
Plots : 113 m²
Plots : 600 m²
2017
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
• N Fertilisation : 80 kg N/ha (depending on N balance)
- 9 treatments:
- chicken manure,
- cattle farmyard manure
- cattle farmyard manure +N
- composted pig manure
- composted pig manure +N
- pig slurry
- digestate (from pig slurry)
- mineral
- Control
Applied every year
Applied every two years
EFELE
PROs Trial
Bloc 1
Blocs 1-2
Bloc 2
Bloc 3
Blocs 3-4
Bloc 4
Bloc 1
Blocs 1-2
Bloc 2
Bloc 3
Blocs 3-4
Bloc 4x x x xx x
x x x xx x
x x x xx x
x x x xx x
x x x
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation EFELE
TC/MO Trial
Cow manure
Reduced tillage
Conventionnal tillage
Mineral
X2 tillage treatments
2 fertilisation treatments
Bloc 1
Bloc 2
Bloc 3
Bloc 1
Bloc 2
Bloc 3
x
x x
xx x x x
x x x x
x xx x x x
x xx x x x
x xx x x x
x xx x x x
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Parameters
* Monitoring :
- hydrodynamic functioning of soil (TDR probes, tensiometers,
temperature sensors, lysimeters) � water volume content, soil water capacity,
temperature
- emissions of N2O and CO2 gas (measurement chambers).
* Punctual data (every 3 years)
- Biological : Earthworms, macrofauna, microorganisms (biomass, diversity,
enzymatic activities)
- Chemical : C, N, P
- Physical : soil structure,
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
Farm network
Kick-off meeting 13-14 March 2017, Göttingen Pérès & Cluzeau
WP1 - French site presentation
• Farm network (15 farms in Britany)(Collaborations : Conseillers des chambres départementales d’Agriculture, les agriculteurs)
LC : conventional plough; TP : deep tillage; TS : superficial tillage ; SD : Direct-seeding
22 : Limons éoliens sur alluvions29 : Limons sur schiste ardoisier35 : Limons sur schiste tendre du briovérien56 : Granite