French experience and results regarding

Geographical Indications

(PDO, PGI)

Budapest, 15/11/2016

Valerie KELLER

I.N.A.O. (French agency for geographical indications and quality signs)

French quality policy : institutional system

INAO

(National Institute of

Origin and Quality)

Geographical

indications (and other

quality signs)

Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Economy

INPI

(National Institute of

Industrial Property)

Patents, trademarks,

…

Official control

services : DG for Competition Policy,

Consumer Affairs and Fraud

Control (DGCCRF), Customs

Main tasks of INAO

I. Promotion and information (official quality signs in general)

II. Recognizing GIs (and other quality signs)

III. Determining and monitoring the system of controls of the products. INAO = competent authority

IV. Monitoring of GI system

V. Contributing to the protection of Gis (name and geographical area)

Organisation :

1 siège (Montreuil) +

8 délégations territoriales (19

sites)

260 agents (70 % en région ) :

- techniciens, ingénieurs

(agronomie, agroalimentaire,

œnologie, géographie..),

- juristes

- gestion administrative

Budget : 22 millions d’euros (70 % venant de l’Etat, 30 % des

filières)

INAOs organization

•AOC / PDO (protected designation of origin)

: A product closely linked to its territory

• PGI (protected geographical indication):

A product linked to its territory

• TSG (traditional specialty) : A traditional product

• Organic farming : A method of production which is protective for environment and animal welfare

• Label Rouge : A high quality product (french sign)

Ge

ogra

ph

ica

l

indic

ations

Official quality signs in France

Why did some countries create

Geographical Indications?

In France, around 1900 : Appellation d’Origine Controlée

To protect the name of famous wine and spirit

To give consumers objective information concerning the characteristics of the product

Why was the GI european policy set up

(70s for wines, 1992 for other products)?

To encourage diverse agricultural productions, to give benefits to rural economy

To protect product names from misuse and imitation

To help consumers by giving them information concerning the specific characteristics of the products

To grant a large protection to the GI names (all the EU territory and more)

History :

set up of GI in France and in EU

1905 : first law on appellations of origin

1935 : creation of the system of « appellation d’origine

contrôlée » (AOC) and of the « INAO » for wines and spirits

1970s : European regulations on wines

1990 : INAOs missions extended to other products (cheeses,

foodstuff..)

1992 : European regulation regarding PDO and PGI

After 2000 : INAOs missions extended to PGI, Red Label : agency for

all official quality signs

AOP vins et cidres : 366 AOP produits laitiers (fromages, crèmes, beurres) : 50 AOP autres produits agro-alimentaires : 47

IGP agro-alimentaires: 119 IGP vins et cidres : 76 IG boissons spiritueuses : 35

STG : 1

Label Rouge : plus de 450 produits

Diversity of French Gis

Cognac (PDO) Rocamadour (PDO)

French official quality signs :

a major sector of agriculture and food industry

More than 1100 products – including 680 GI products , 420 Red Labels, 1 TSG

produced by 22 % of French farmers (112 500 farms)

Turnover :

22 billion € = 15% of foodstuff industry (125 Airbus)

10 billion € to export = 30% of the export turnover of foodstuff industry.

Evolution :

Twice the rise of the turnover of general foodstuff industry.

A GI, what for ?

Added value /

creation of jobs in

rural areas / other

economical

consequences on

the producing

chain

Protection of the

name of the

product / of the

know how of the

producers / of a

part of regional

heritage rural developpement

and environnemental

aspects

Which economic interests ?

- Higher prices for GI products,

- Production growth,

- Better value distribution.

Higher retail price of GI products

(example of French cheeses and wines)

Source : MAAPAR, ONIVINS, CFCE, INAO

230 %

Wine price (2)

French PDO

wines Other wines French PDO

cheeses

All cheeses

30 %

Cheese retail price (1)

AOC Condrieu

Prix : 40 € la bouteille

Vin avec le même cépage :

viognier, sans AOC – 6 €

A production growth (example of a French GI cheese)

Example of Morbier cheese (PDO)

PDO registration = Re-localisation of the production and development : from 25 producers (1998) to 40

producers (2015)

AOC

Registration

A distribution of value more profitable to farmers

(ex : PDO cheeses and olive oil)

-

Distribution of value for olive oil

Purchasing price to farmer

Retail price

GI French oil

Non GI 20 €/l

14 €/l

Milk : purchasing price to producer for PDO Cheeses

Compared to medium price 90 %

35 % 30 %

15 %

5 % -

8,40

12,70

Ex: PDO Nyons olive oil

Which effects on rural development ?

A tool to help isolated rural areas and to maintain farmers in their region of origin :

• 70% of the more isolated French rural areas (14 millions of hectares) are

covered by one or more GI production area.

• GI = 20% of French farmers.

Which effects on rural development ?

A tool to create employment and to develop rural areas…

For a production of 30 M chickens/year

Chicken of Loué (PGI):

• 1000 farmers

• 3000 jobs created (450 in the little

town of Loué)

• using 9 500 hectares of pasture for

breeding poultry and 24 000 ha of

cereals to feed it,

• Improvement of the area :

plantation of 750 000 trees and

1200km of traditional hedge.

Standard chicken

production (chicken bred

inside)

• 150 farmers

• 500 jobs

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1989 1994 1999

Environmental impact : Comté

(PDO cheese)

60

100

140

180

220

260

1989 1994 1999

Specifications on more extensive breeding and on

environment protection.

Non GI area

GI area

Non GI area

GI Area

Use of pesticides per hectare

basis : 100 in 1990 Use of fertilizer per hectare

basis : 100 in 1990

PDO Cévennes sweet onion

A. Guyot/INAO

Protection of lanscape identity

A specific landscape

A specific product

preservation of open spaces, transition between

fields and forests, traditional in Jura breeding areas.

Impact on the landscape

Accessible areas

Mountain of Jura,

open space, AOC

area

Landscape of Hautes

Vosges, out of AOC,

closing area

Landscape of

Haute Saône out

of AOC, closed

area,

- Maintening : hedges, meadows, ponds..

- Preservation of meadow biodiversity

- Preservation of domestic biodiversity :use of local breeds,

varieties..

Ex : PDO Châtaigne d’Ardèche – 65 local

varieties

Preservation of biodiversity

Development of touristic activities

Ex : PDO Olive oil and black olive of Nyons

• Touristic path : ‘Route de l’olivier’

• Direct sale

• Local feasts organised around ‘Olive de Nyons’

• Restaurant agreement

• Local markets

• Dishes created by chefs

3 keys points for quality signs

► group of producers

► rules (specifications)

► verification system

And consumers of course !

Merci de votre attention !

Avez-vous des questions ?

Valérie Keller

v.keller@inao.gouv.fr

Site internet INAO : www.inao.gouv.fr