French cities’ urban freight surveys 1 st Scientific and Technical Workshop Bologna 05/11/2013 Presented by: Adrien Beziat, PhD, Paris, France

French cities’ urban freight surveys

1st Scientific and Technical WorkshopBologna

05/11/2013

Presented by:Adrien Beziat, PhD, Paris,

France

Freight Surveys in France

Three kinds of surveys in France:

• Occasional surveys, organized by public actors

• Regular surveys administered by the SESP

• Research studies (ECHO, Chargeurs…)

Interesting surveys, but very limited, not specific to urban freight

Urban Freight Surveys: two objectives

Two survey campaigns: 1994-1997 (Bordeaux, Marseille and Dijon), then 2010-2013 (Paris, Bordeaux), administered by the Laboratory of

Transport Economics

•1. Understanding the complexity of urban freight (the organizational and quantitative aspects of deliveries and pickups)

•2. Providing a tool for local decision-makers interested in urban freight that does not require costly data collection (the FRETURB model)

Three categories of urban freight trips

• Flows generated by deliveries and pickups between urban establishments (shops, manufacturing, services) the main focus of the survey

• Freight flows to the final consumer, including car-based shopping trips

• Flows related to city management and services: construction sites, public works (urban utilities, construction), garbage collection, postal services, movings and hospitals to be integrated to the Urban Freight Model

Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoire d’Economie des

Transports, Lyon

How does the UFS work?

The focus of the study is to measure the social costs of urban freight• Studied variable: the use of the road network• A relevant unit of observation: the movement of goods, defined as

the delivery or the reception of the cargo• Source of data: urban establishments, or transport operators

Essential information for explaining the formation of flows and their impact

Logistics organization of establishments

Urban environment

The best unit is the delivery (or pickup) operation serving an establishment, by use of a vehicle

Transport system Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoire d’Economie des

Transports, Lyon

Three surveys administered

• To urban establishments

• To truck drivers

• To major transport operators

Sample size:

• 1500 establishment questionnaires / 6000 deliveries and pickups over 1 week and 8000 product types (weight, packaging,…)

• 1000 driver questionnaires (6000 stops)• 100 main truck companies and large wholesalers


Transports, Lyon

Implementation: on board survey


Transports, Lyon

Expension of sampling to the urban area• Method : sampling per strata on the French register of establishments.

Three criterias:Activity of establishments (45 main groups identified), The size of the establishment (no employee, 1 to 5, 6 to 9 etc...)The location of the premise (according to a zoning of the study area)

• Then a typology of municipalities (1301) according to land use


Transports, Lyon

Weakness and difficulties

A complex and costly survey• More and more difficult to make contact with store-keepers,

business owners• Poorly motivated respondents• Two visits with self-administered questionnaire left for one

week

… which requires• A preliminary information and promotion campaign• A competent contractor to ensure the recruitment and management of

experienced pollsters• Thorough training of the pollsters• Paying for each survey completed (incentives)


Transports, Lyon

How much does the UFS cost?• Three types of costs

• knowledge base (scientific support)• data collection (field surveys)• operational and scientific data processing

• Total budget : 1.2 million euros

• Three sources• French Environment Agency (ADEME)• Ministry of Transport• Local authorities (cities, metropolitan authorities, regions)


Transports, Lyon

Robustness and main results of the survey

• Large size of the sample, quality of face-to-face responses : good estimation of the number of movements generated

• Very detailed stratification of activities

Three types of results

• A detailed description of the current situation: Standard data and Indicators

• Consistant and stable relationships• A generation model


Transports, Lyon

Indicators

• Number of deliveries/pick-ups per job each week• Share of own account vs third party transport according to the

type of activity• Average distance between two stops according to the

organisation (size of the tour, single trips)• Speed average according to the vehicle and density of activity • Time for delivering goods according to the size of the round• On road parking time according to density• Speed average according to vehicle and density • Length of the trips according to the organisation (size of the

round, single trip, type of vehicle) and the density of activity


Transports, Lyon

Standard Data

• In average 1 delivery/pick-up each week, per job (with high standard deviation according to type of activity)

• 50% light vehicles (vans) and 50% truck• 50% own account and 50% for hire• 75% deliveries and pick-ups carried out by rounds• 80% deliveries <10 minutes, pick-ups 30 min in average• 13 deliveries or pick-ups in a round in average (19 for hire,

11 in own account)• Peak hours (9-11 am) different from car traffic PH (7-9 am)• 25% energy consumption, 25% GHG, 35% NOx, 50% PM

emissions (all freight flows incl. shopping trips)


Transports, Lyon

Relationships

• Between activity, number of employees and movement generation

• Between management mode and organization mode• Between type of vehicle and management mode• Between distances covered, management mode and

organization modes• Between stop timing and size of the delivery tour• Between distance covered between 2 stops and size of delivery

tour.


Transports, Lyon

Freturb : implementation


Transports, Lyon

Thank you for your attention

http://www.ifsttar.fr/[email protected]

http://www.let.fr/http://freturb.let.fr/

[email protected]

http://freturb.let.fr/




mailto:[email protected]

Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon - SIG Geoconcept 03/1999

Type of vehiclesUnder 3.5TTrucksheavy trucks

Traffic all vehicles

1 564,68 20 575,66

MARSEILLES

MARSEILLES

Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon - SIG Geoconcept 03/1999

0 10 km

Types of vehiclesServed by heavy trucks

Through-traffic by heavy trucksServed by medium trucks

Through-traffic by medium trucksServed by light veh

Through-traffic by light vehWeekly service and traffic

Operations per week per employeeas a function of the type of activity

- 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Agricu

lture

Crafts

men

-ser

vices

Retail

Trad

e

Shops

-Wh-

sales

-W-h

ouse

s

Larg

e st

ores

Indu

stry

Servic

e se

ctor

Tota

l

nu

mb

er o

f m

ove

men

ts/w

eek

Marseille

Bordeaux

Dijon

Number of weekly number of deliveries/pick-ups as a function of the number of employees

(example of retail)

Retail trade in the three cities

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

- 1 3 6 10 20 50

taskforce (nb of employees)

nu

mb

er o

f m

ove

men

ts/w

eek

Dijon

Bordeaux

Marseille

Durée d'un arrêt selon le type de véhicule et la taille de la tournée

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

<3,5T

Artic

CPort

Puissance (Artic)

Puissance (CPort)

Puissance (<3,5T)

Duration of a stop as a function of type of vehicle and size of round

Semi-trailer

Rigid truck

number of stops

Dur

atio

n of

sto

p (m

n)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

<3,5T

Artic

CPort

Puissance (Artic)

Puissance (CPort)

Puissance (<3,5T)


Semi-trailer

Rigid truck

number of stops

Dur

atio

n of

sto

p (m

n)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

<3,5T

Artic

CPort

Puissance (Artic)

Puissance (CPort)

Puissance (<3,5T)


Semi-trailer

Rigid truck

number of stops

Dur

atio

n of

sto

p (m

n)

Duration of parking as a function of the number of stops and of the type of vehicle

The distance between two stops depends on the size (total number of stops) of a delivery tour

Distance entre deux arrêts d'un parcours

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Nombre d'arrêts dans un parcours

Dis

tan

ce m

oyen

ne e

ntr

e d

eux

arr

êts

(km

)

DIJON

MARSEILLE

BORDEAUX

Hourly rhythms of Urban Freight movements

Rythmes horaires des livraisons/enlèvements et des déplacements de personnes dans l'agglomération de Bordeaux

0%

1%

1%

2%

2%

3%

3%

4%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Heure d'un jour ordinaire

Rép

arti

tion

au

quar

t d'

heur

e de

s liv

rais

ons

et

enlè

vem

ents

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

Rép

arti

tio

n h

ora

ire

des

d

épla

cem

ents

de

per

son

nes

Urban freight transport

Individual car

Documents

French cities’ urban freight surveys 1 st Scientific and Technical Workshop Bologna 05/11/2013 Presented by: Adrien Beziat, PhD, Paris, France