French 1 Chapitres 7-8 Géoculture – Le Sénégal. Almanac Population: more than 11 million people...
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French 1 Chapitres 7-8 Géoculture – Le Sénégal. Almanac Population: more than 11 million people Major cities: Dakar, Thiès, Saint-Louis, Kaolack, Touba
Almanac Population: more than 11 million people Major cities:
Dakar, This, Saint-Louis, Kaolack, Touba Industries: agriculture,
fishing, oil trade, refinery Senegal has twelve national or
official languages: Balanta-Ganja, Hassaniyya, Jola-Fonyi,
Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Pulaar, Serer-Sine, Soninke,
Wolof, and French.
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Geography Senegal is located on Africas westernmost point, on
the Cap Vert peninsula. Gambia (La Gambie) is a separate nation,
surrounded by Senegal on three sides. It almost divides Senegal
into two parts. In 1982, Senegal and Gambia briefly formed a
confederation, called la Sngambie, but integration of the two
countries was never fully realized, and in 1989, the union was
dissolved.
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History Archaeological findings throughout Senegal indicate
that it has been inhabited since prehistoric times. In the 11 th
century, Islam was established in Senegal. In the 16 th century,
the country was divided into four kingdoms: Jolof, Walo, Cajor
(Kajor), and Bawol (Baol).
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History Starting in the 15 th century, various European powers
controlled Senegal, including the Dutch, the English, and the
Portuguese, before the French gained possession. In 1960, Senegal
gained its independence from France. That same year, acclaimed poet
Lopold Senghor became the countrys first president.
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Le parc national du Djoudj A large ornithological (bird)
reserve A lot of birds stop there during their migration.
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Dakar Dakar is the capital of Senegal, and the most occidental
(westernmost) point of the African continent. The name Dakar came
from the Wolof word dakhar, meaning tamarind tree.
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Les baobabs Enormous trees that dont have any leaves for 9
months out of the year. The fruit of the baobab tree is called pain
du singe or monkey bread. The baobab tree is the emblem of Senegal.
Its trunk can reach 9 meters (27 feet) in diameter and it can live
more than 1,000 years.
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La pche - Fishing An important resource for the Senegalese (les
Sngalais).
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La Casamance A region of mangroves (swamps), rivers, and
plantations. Its the part of Senegal located south of Gambia.
Unlike the rest of Senegal, la Casamance has lush forests, rice
paddies, and giant kapok trees, which can grow 150 feet tall. The
beaches of la Casamance are considered the best in West Africa.
Sunny days, the warm sea, and miles of sandy beaches make this
region a popular vacation destination.
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Le lac Retba Le lac Retba or lac Rose (Pink lake) owes its
color to the micro-organisms and the salt that it contains. Due to
its high salinity, objects float on it.
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Saint-Louis The oldest French city in West Africa The first
capital of Senegal The Faidherbe bridge, built by Gustave Eiffel,
connects Saint-Louis to the continent.
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Le pont Faidherbe
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Le parc national du Niokolo Koba The purpose of the park is to
protect animals threatened with extinction, like the chimpanzee and
the panther.
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The largest of Senegals national parks, it covers over 2
million acres. Le parc national du Niokolo Koba It protects all
sorts of wildlife, including lions, elephants, antelope, monkeys,
crocodiles, hippopotami, and 300 species of birds, although big
game hunting is permitted outside of the park.
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La mosque de Touba The Touba Mosque is a very important
religious center. A number of pilgrims go there every year.
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Lle de Gore Less than 2 miles from Dakar UNESCO World Heritage
site and former slaving station The Maison des esclaves is both a
reminder of the shame of human exploitation and a place for
reconciliation. Today, the island and its museums offer a glimpse
into the nations past and insight into its present.
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Lle de Gore The Muse de la mer is concerned with all aspects of
the sea, including marine life, seafaring vessels, and fisherman
and their tools. The Muse de la femme is a museum devoted to
Senegalese women.
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Les souwres Paintings under glass that represent scenes from
daily life and historic national heroes.
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La vannerie Basket-making Artisans use recycled materials to
make different wicker objects.
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Le batik Batik is an artisanal technique used to decorate
traditional clothes, like les boubous.
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Artisans In addition to la vannerie, les souwres, and les
batiks, Senegalese artisans make sand paintings from black, ochre,
red, white, and grey sands, gathered from all regions of Senegal.
Other handcrafts include gold and silver jewelry, hand-woven
fabrics, leather goods, pottery, and wood carvings. To see a
variety of Senegalese arts and crafts, one can visit le village
artisanal Soumbdioune outside of Dakar.
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La musique traditionelle Each ethnic group has its own music.
The kora is one of the instruments of traditional music.
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Le mbalax Mbalax is a type of music that mixes rhythms and
traditional instruments from Senegal with salsa, rock, and funk.
Youssou NDour has made this type of music known throughout the
world.
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Le groupe Daara J Daara J is a group who sings Senegalese rap,
or Sn-rap. Their songs talk about the environment and daily
life.
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La musique The songs of Sn-rap and mbalax are often sung in
Wolof, the most spoken traditional language in Senegal.
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La musique One common Senegalese musical instrument is a drum,
called a sabar. The word mbalax comes from a family of traditional
sabar dance rhythms.
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La musique The tama is called a talking drum, because its pitch
can be regulated.
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La musique The tabala is a set of wooden kettle drums.
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La musique The djembe is a goblet-shaped drum.
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La musique The balafon is both percussive and melodic, with
wooden slats that are struck with mallets.
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La musique The xalam is a string instrument with a nasal
sound.
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Le Dakar Off-track race that leaves from Europe and ends in
Dakar There are three different categories: motorcycles, cars, and
trucks.
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La lutte sngalaise Senegalese wrestling Traditional sport in
Senegal To win a match, the shoulder, back, or knees of the
opponent must touch the ground. Wrestling has been popular in
Senegal for centuries. Its champions are considered heroes. Most
wrestlers are observers of the Animist faith.
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La luttle Sngalaise is a combination of sport, dance, and
folklore. La lutte sngalaise Senegalese wrestling Before
contestants enter the arena, women sing their praises and musicians
play traditional drums. The wrestlers enter wearing loincloths.
Their bodies are then smeared with powders. They are given amulets
and holy water. The preparations usually last longer than the fight
itself.
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Les courses de pirogues The fishermen use their pirogues to
participate in races in the sea and on the rivers of the
country.
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Le poulet yassa A traditional dish made of chicken marinated in
citrus juice and onions cooked in peanut oil.
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La tieboudienne Another typical dish from Senegal made of fish,
rice, and vegetables.
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La gastronomie When dining in a Senegalese home, it is
customary to pour water over your hands as you enter the dining
area and then dry them on a common cloth. Food is served in bowls,
each containing enough for three or four people. The main course is
typically a stew, such as la tieboudienne, which is eaten with the
first three fingers of the right hand. Dessert is usually fruit,
followed by coffee and tea.
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Politics The Senegalese president holds a great deal of power.
Presidential elections are held every five years through universal
adult suffrage. Approximately 65 political parties are active in
Senegal.