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Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 0
Marine Composites Webb Ins1tute Senior Elec1ve Spring, 2013
Framing, S1ffener and Founda1on Design
Eric Greene, Naval Architect [email protected] 410.263.1348 410.703.3025 (cell) hNp://ericgreeneassociates.com/webbins+tute.html
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 1
High-‐Efficiency Recrea1onal Power Boat
Presented by Eric Jolley, Bieker Boats, SeaNle, 2008, WA, USA at the First Chesapeake Power Boat Symposium, Annapolis, MD, USA
Water-‐Jet Cut and Folded SeNees
Structure Showing Framing with Carbon Skins over PVC Core
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 2
Bulkhead Installa1on
Bulkheads installed in epoxy composite 54' sloop from Alden Yachts of Portsmouth, RI
This carbon fiber/Nomex bulkhead has the aNachment flange molded with the bulkhead and bonded to the hull
with a flexible epoxy adhesive
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 3
Bonded Pultruded Structural Members
Atlas Hovercrae of Florida planned to build commercial hovercraes in the US using bonded pultruded structural profiles to
develop the large, flat surfaces.
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 4
Frigate to Yacht Conversion
Pultruded s1ffeners used by Compmillennia, LLC, Washington, NC
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 5
Bulkhead Detail with PuOy Fillets
Illustra+ons courtesy of ATC Chemical Corpora+on (now Gurit). Drawing is for guidance only – actual laminates should be engineered to specific requirements in accordance with classifica+on society rules.
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 6
Bulkhead AOachment Stresses
Compartment Flooding
Loads
Loading Transferred From Deck
Hydrostatic, Slamming and
Blocking Loads
Peel Stress
Shear Stresses
Stress Concentrations
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 7
Preform Bulkheads
PRISMA preformed stringers are shown here during construc1on of a 42-‐S CigareOe hull Stock preform bulkhead
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 8
Honeycomb-‐Cored Carbon Fiber Bulkheads
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 9
Bulkhead Installa1on Bulkheads installed in epoxy composite 54' sloop from
Alden Yachts
www.boatdesign.net
Cockpit support bulkheads on lightweight racing sailboat
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 10
DDG 1000 Deckhouse Secondary Bonding
The DDG 1000 composite deckhouse contains over 8,500 linear feet of 2D composite joints and 460 3D joints
Complex 2D Joint (below) and 3D Joint (right)
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 11
Frame and Longitudinal Intersec1ons
l
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 12
Hat S1ffeners
Example of a single skin FRP s+ffener to illustrate the design process taken from USCG NVIC No. 8-‐87
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 13
S1ffener Construc1on Details
Illustra+on courtesy of ATC Chemical Corpora+on (now Gurit). Drawing is for guidance only – actual laminates should be engineered to specific requirements in accordance with classifica+on society rules.
S1ffener to Bulkhead Connec1on Tabbing Detail
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 14
Examples of S1ffener Systems
Whatever type of stringer system is used, installa+on alignment is cri+cal as this impacts the installa+on of interior subassemblies. Some types of systems used include:
• Custom, built-‐up systems glassed in place with secondary bonds
• Grid systems built on a separate mold bonded to the hull with either bedding compound or adhesive
• Preform stringer systems installed using either primary or secondary bonds
Sailboat Grid Stringer System (Benateau USA)
Preform Stringer Installa+on
Failed Grid Stringer
Installa+on
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 15
Preform S1ffeners
A preform is an assembly of dry reinforcement held together some way in a form that closely resembles the final geometry. In this case of preforms used for boat s+ffeners, the fiber is held in place by an expanded foam core.
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 16
S1ffener Stresses
Hull
Bending
Moment
Stress Concentrations
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 17
Grid Systems
Reinforcement is Added to Structural Grid World Cat Power Catamaran
Structural Grid System
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 18
Bonded Structural Grids Solid fiberglass grid system is bonded to the hull with methacrylate adhesive
Mari+me Marine, LLC, Augusta, Maine ITW Plexus
ACRALOCK by Engineered Bonding Solu+ons, LLC
Southport Boats Augusta, ME
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 19
Deep Stringers
These solid foam stringers are fully encapsulated with fiberglass laminates and reinforced with a carbon composite layer. [R&R Boatworks, Stuart, FL]
This stringer system is aNached to the hull with methacrylate adhesive [Southport Boats, Augusta, ME]
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 20
Typical Engine Girder Arrangements
ABS GUIDE for High Speed Naval Crae, 2007 Part 3 , Chp 2, Sect 6, Structural Details
Girder Built from Solid Laminate Cored Engine Girder
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 21
Examples of Engine Girders
Ae end of engine girders of Sabre 38 Express
Engine girder cracking apparently from improper hauling sling arrangement
Failed Engine Girder Engine Girders Tie in to Transom
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 22
Aluminum Saddle over Engine Girder
Aluminum saddle is fiNed to composite girder
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 23
Examples of Transom Structures
A water-‐saturated transom undergoing repair at Penguin Composites in Australia
Most Dive Boats Have Large Transom Openings
Hinged Transom featured on 10 m Yacht from C.H. Marine Yachts,
Shelter Island, NY
A repaired stress crack as shown in inset photo
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 24
Transom Engine Mounts
Typical through-‐bolt detail Contemporary outboard bracket with internal bracket support
www.BoatDesign.net
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 25
Framed Single Skin Transoms
Ronnal P. Reichard, “Framed Single Skin Laminate Transoms,” COMPOSITES 2006, St. Louis, MO
The framed single skin transom is s+ffer and stronger than the GRP plywood transom.
Boundary Condi1ons and Applied Forces for Single Engine Plywood Transom
Boundary Condi1ons and Applied Forces for Single Engine Framed Transom
Deflec1on of GRP Plywood Transom with Twin Engine Loading
Deflec1on of GRP Framed Transom with Twin Engine Loading
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 26
Transom Failures
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 27
S1ffener & Detail Design Flow Charts
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 28
Machinery Founda1ons
Filament Wound Machinery Foundation by Brunswick Defense Typical Founda1on Systems
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 29
Founda1on Design Parameters
Marine Composites Framing, S+ffener and
Founda+on Design
Webb Ins+tute Senior Elec+ve – Spring 2013 page 30
Framing Systems Summary
• Longitudinal and transverse framing systems reduce the span of panel sizes and allow the hull and deck to respond as a global structure
• Frames and stringers can be built outside of the hull and bonded in place or built up directly in the hull
• Unidirec+onal reinforcement is most effec+ve on the top of stringers while ±45° material is most effec+ve for sidewalls and tabbing
• Avoid direct contact of “hard” framing edges and hull
• Careful fit-‐up and tabbing or bonding of structural grid systems is cri+cal
• Deep engine girders may require bracing for transverse stability
• Equipment founda+ons with can+levered geometries can produce high bending moment stresses in the areas where the founda+on meets the hull