FRAMING ANALYSIS ON THE NEWS OF INDONESIAN … · Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi – Universitas Mercu Buana 2 classified documents that was leaked by WikiLeaks. The news would be analyzed

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Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi – Universitas Mercu Buana www.mercubuana.ac.id 1

FRAMING ANALYSIS ON THE NEWS OF

INDONESIAN CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS IN WIKILEAKS

Study On Traditional Media (Kompas Newspaper )

and Online Media (www.detik.com)

By Alila Pramiyanti

Lecturer on Communication Department

Telkom Institute of Management

Bandung - Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mass media is a channel of mass communication. The definition of mass

communication is a process in transmitting of an idea, information, and messages

to the audience simultaneously. The characteristics of mass media are publicly,

universal, periodic, continuously and actual.

Globalization and modernization have influenced the evolution of mass

media. The need of information, even from other parts of the world, requires every

people to become more creative in using the media. The history of the emergence

of mass media has the stages of growth in technology that can be divided into the

print media, electronic media, and digital media or new media.

The appearance of online media has also create the practice of online

journalism. Online journalism becomes different from traditional journalism that

already recognized earlier (print, radio, TV). Online journalism is not merely

distinction because it taking a different venue, but because this journalism is

carried on a new media which has different characteristics either in format,

content, mechanisms and the relationship process between publishing and users or

readers.

Although these journalism, either traditional media (traditional journalism)

and new media (online journalism) have differences in practice but each of them

certainly has an ideology to frame the news. Framing analysis is an approach to

analyzed media text. The concept of framing has used to understand the ideology

of the media when their constructing the facts. This perspective tried to determine

which facts is retrieved, which section is highlighted , or removed and how the

media rearrange the story behind the news.

This paper will discuss how the traditional media (Kompas newspapers)

and online media (www.detik.com) in framing a news story. Unit of analysis on

this research is the issues on March 11, 2011 about the Indonesian government

http://www.detik.com/

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classified documents that was leaked by WikiLeaks. The news would be analyzed

by using the model of Pan and Kosicki framing analysis which the framing of the

news is divided into four structures, syntactic, scripts, thematic, and rhetoric.

Key words: news, framing analysis, newspaper, online media

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I. INTRODUCTION

Actually, news is the result of written reconstruction of social reality in our

life. That is why one can consider that writing news is only a task of reconstructing

social reality than a representation of the reality itself. I do agree with this opinion.

According to Nancy Nasution, news is the report of the events that happen,

want to be known by the people, actual, take place in reader‟s area, talk about

public figures, and has influential consequences to the reader.

Basically, the framing analysis assumes that when the news or report is

released, the mass media always have certain framing. The framing is the one that

being investigated when we analyze the news. As in this case, the audience only

receives the final result of a journalism process. Meanwhile the frame that has

been used „is left on editorial desk‟. It happens properly, as when we shoot an

event, it is impossible to keep details everything that is happening on the camera.

What we note down is the event based on where we are standing. And clearly the

camera frame also restricted the views. Same with news, because the space on

printed media pages and the show time in electronic media are restricted, so the

framing is important. In this case, presumption and prejudice are unavoidable. It

makes the framing becomes subjective depend on the policy of each media.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The unit of analysis which is used in the research utilizes four important

structures of framing tools based on Zhongdan Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki.

According to them, the four structures are syntactical structure, script structure,

thematic structure, and rhetoric structure. The following is the analysis of each

structure:

1. Syntactical Structure. The framing tool is news scheme. Units of the scheme:

Headline: indicates the preference of the news and influences how the story

is understood.

Lead: indicates certain perspective of the news which is being reported.

Background information: background determines to where the viewpoint of

the public will be taken and can influences the meaning that wanted to be

shown.

Source citation: It has three functions, claims the validity of statement based

on academic authority‟s claim; relates certain point by comparing it to

majority opinion.

Statements

Closing

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2. Script Structure. The framing tool is the news completeness. Units of the

completeness of how to tell the story: how the story is processed becomes

meaningful scenario. The way how the event is understood depends on how the

reporter put the parts of the event in certain order. What, who, where, when,

why, how, can be the main frame or usually called the elements of news

completeness.

3. Thematic Structure. The framing tools are detail, coherence, sentence form, and

pronoun. Units should be analyzed:

Paragraph

Preposition: the preposition that is placed on the beginning or in the end

shows the one that want to be emphasized by the public, thus influences the

meaning that emerged.

Sentence: active sentence is used in order to make somebody becomes the

subject of statement, meanwhile passive sentence is used in order to make

somebody becomes the object of statement.

Correlation between sentences: to see how someone strategically uses

coherence to explain certain fact or event as separate, interrelate, or causal

relationship.

4. Rhetoric Structure. The framing tools are lexicon, graphic, metaphor. Units

should be analyzed:

Word: the selection of certain words portrays how someone gives meaning

to reality.

Idiom

Image

Graphic: intensively controls the attention and anxiety, shows whether the

information is considered as important and interesting so that it should

become the focus.

Table 1 The Framing Model of Pan & Kosicki

STRUCTURE FRAMING TOOL

UNIT

SHOULD

BE

ANALYZED

SINTACTICAL

The reporter‟s way of

arranging the news

1. The News Scheme Headline,

Lead,

Background

information,

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Source

citation,

Statements,

Closing

SCRIPT


telling facts

2. The News Completeness 5 W + 1 H

THEMATIC


writing facts

3. Detail

4. Purpose of the sentence

5. Nominalization between

sentence

6. Coherence

7. Sentence form

8. Pronoun

Paragraph,

preposition

RHETORIC


emphasizing facts

9. Lexicon

10. Graphic

11 .Metaphor

12. Assumption

Word, idiom,

picture/image,

graphic.

Source: Sobur (2001:176)

The Development of Validity

In order to guarantee and develop the validity of data, the researchers choose

to use triangulation data technique in the form of triangulation theory.

Triangulation theory is used by doing check and recheck on the online journalism

theory which is used with journalism practices in each media.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

The revolution of journalism relates with the way how to convey the ideas in

written form. For a long time, the process of writing news is dominated with

classic concept of 5W +1H (what, when, where, why, who, and how) which refer

to facts in the field. In modern journalism, the classic concept is developed by Roy

Peter to narrative form of writing by changing the pattern 5W+1H. Who develops

into character. What develops into plot. When develops into chronology. Who

develops into character. Why develops into motive. And How develops into

narration. Therefore, the process of writing news is narratively similar to the

process of making documentary movie (Santana, 2001).

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News Value According to Julian Harriss, Kelly Leiter and Stanley Johnson, news value

contain eight elements, those are conflict, progression, important, close, actual and

unique, humanely, and influential (Harriss, Leiter dan Johnson 1981:29-33). It

means that those criteria should be confirmed before we report an event.

Conflict

Progression

Important

Close

Actual

Humanely

Influential

The numbers of elements of news value that need to be filled in every event

before it becomes the news are variously different in every press release. Some

newspapers maintain only five elements of news value.

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News Structure

Generally, the news always presents the structure of: headline, lead, and

body (Basuki 1983:22-25).

Headline.

Use to be called a title. It is often completed with sub-title. It is used to: (1)

help the reader to immediately know the news that is being reported; (2)

emphasize the news by supporting it with graphic technique.

Lead.

Use to be called news core. It is usually written on the first paragraph of the

news. It is the most important part of the news, which decides whether the

news will be read or not. It is the centre of the news, which briefly depicts

whole content of the news.

Body

Or news body. Its content tells the event that is reported by using brief,

compact and explicit language. Therefore, the body is the development on the

news.

The news structure is determined by the form of the report that will be

written. The direct news structure is different with minor news and the story one.

In direct news, according to Bruce D. Itule and Douglas A. Anderson, there is only

one common structure, an inverted pyramid (Itule dan Anderson 1987: 62-63).

Lead shows the beginning part which is the most important in the news.

Meanwhile, the inverted pyramid shows that the information is arranged in

descending order of importance. The most important part is placed at the

beginning of the news, and less important part follows. In other words, along with

the narrow part of the inverted pyramid, the importance of the news is decreased.

This structure, beside can make us easier to recognize the news core, it also make

us easily cut the part of news that cannot be included.

New Media

New media is the simplification form of media other than the five main

conventional media, television, radio, magazines, newspapers, and movies.

Introduced in 1990, the term of new media initially contained neglected meaning;

new media is not mass media, especially television. New media is fluids;

individual connectivity becomes the medium to differentiate the control and

freedom parts (Chun, 2006, p. 1). As the antithesis, the conception of new media is

vis a vis with the conception of mass media, such as: massif, made by professional

communicators, and has mass-connectivity on the anonymous audience.

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New media refers to the development of digital technology but it does not

become digital media. Video, text, image, graphic that is changed into digital data

in form of byte, only refer to the side of multimedia technology, one of three

elements of new media, beside characteristics of interactive and intertextual.

Industrial rivalry is not between newspapers or between online media, but

between the media itself. It is industrial trend that a media group should have

television, newspaper, online media, radio, etc.

John Vernon Pavlik, one of the figures of “future journalism” writes on

Journalism and New Media (2001) that new media brings the change to journalism

world in four sides. First is the change of news content as the result of the

technology convergence. With technology of information, the way how the news

is presented by reporters in transformed, from static text into dynamic text, from

video/movie/graphic into omnidirectional images.

Secondly, how the journalist works and the change of work tools in digital

works. Third, the structure of editorial room that virtually experiences fundamental

transformation, it no longer depends on conventional pattern and network.

Automation and synchronization give impacts to the working process in editorial

room. Fourth, new media changes the order between media organization, journalist

and public, including audience, sources, competitor, advertiser, and government.

Online Jurnalism

Online media has its own benefit, such as its information is more personal,

can be accessed by anyone, anytime, and anywhere, the information can be

updated anytime, and it is completed with search engine and news archive that can

be easily accessed. Characteristic of Online Media:

Audience Control. Online journalism enables the audience to easily choose the

news that they want.

Nonlinearity. Online journalism enables each news report that is conveyed to

become independent so the audience does not have to read chronologically to

understand its contents.

Storage and retrieval. Online journalism enables the news to be kept and easily

re-accessed by the audience.

Unlimited Space. Online journalism enables a number of news that is reported /

broadcasted to the audience become far complete then other media.

Immediacy. Online journalism enables the information can be communicated

quickly and directly to the audience.

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Multimedia Capability. Online journalism enables the editorial team to add text,

voice, image, video and other components in the news that will be reported to the

audience.

Interactivity. Online journalism enables the improvement of audience

participation in every news report.

Online journalism becomes different with traditional journalism that is

known before (printed, radio, TV) not just because it has different venue; but the

journalism is created on a news media which has different characteristic in format,

content, or mechanism and the relation process of publisher and its user / reader.

The most explicit characteristic of online journalism, even though it is also

indefinite, is the effortless way for publisher or audience to shift the publication

and access time. Online publisher can publish or archive the articles to be read

today or later. Actually, it can be done by traditional journalism, but online

journalism is more feasible to do it easier and faster.

The most popular characteristic of online journalism is its real-time

characteristic. News, stories, events can be directly published as they happen.

Maybe it is not a new thing for other types of traditional media, such as television,

radio, telegraph, or teletype. But, in the context of the publisher, the mechanism of

real-time publication gives the freedom, no limitation of period or schedule of

publication or broadcast: anytime and anywhere as long as it is connected with

internet network, it will be able to publish news, events, or stories at that time.

This enables the user / reader to get the information about the progress of an event

more regular and up to date.

Kompas Newspaper

Kompas daily newspaper is published about 500.000 copies per day, with

1.850.000 reading- level every day. It means that Kompas is read by 1.850.000

person each day. As national newspaper, Kompas is available in every province of

Indonesia. Kompas is providing news taken from its 230 journalists who are

placed in many cities in Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and

Sulawesi until Papua. Kompas readers are educated people

In more professional level, there is Ombudsman who criticizes Kompas‟

content. Members of Ombudsman are some experts who held a meeting with

Kompas‟ leader and editors every month. Meanwhile, Research and Development

Agency of Kompas, is periodically monitoring Kompas‟ content and comparing it

to other national newspapers.

www.detik.com

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Detik.com is the biggest online-news website in Indonesia in term of

advertisement income or the audience. The pattern and style of detik.com become

the reference for advertising agents, the maker of brand new portal news to

mention the style of online journalism in Indonesia.

In other words, detik.com has become a patron in developing online

journalism in Indonesia. Detik.com‟s channelization always enclose the word

“detik” (means second in english) on it, such as detiknews.com, detikhot.com,

detikfinance.com, detiksport.com, detiktv, detiksurabaya.com, detikbandung.com,

etc. It is intended to emphasize the brand “detik” when someone access the pages

on detik.com website.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to a Spanish communication/sociolog expert, Manuel Castells,

today era is called “the Internet Galaxy”. The epidemic of “www” (world wide

web) in the beginning of 1990 hugely boosted the popularity and commerciality of

internet, so today internet influences every human activity. World wide web

suddenly creates the interconnectedness in no time, without space-time limit, and

involves everyone. The internet becomes the essential media of communication

and information in the country life. As an innovation, internet phenomenon is

equal with the invention of electricity or printed media. Indeed, the internet

development emerges a new media with journalism online practices. It is stated on

Budiarto Shambazy‟s article entitled “Wikileaks” on Politic-Economic Column on

Kompas, March 12th

2001 edition.

Online journalism develops rapidly, it can be seen through the emergence of

Wikileaks, a website which is created by Julian Assange. “WikiLeaks can be an

important journalism tool according to the Law of Freedom of Information,” Time

magazine states. There is only one purpose of WikiLeaks: to force the

governments to be honest to their people.

That is why, WikiLeaks, by using various ways, stole a quarter of US

Embassies‟ diplomatic cables in all over the world. Of course US are infuriated by

Assange‟s acts, but cannot do anything much except humiliates him by using the

accusation of sexual insulting in the court.

Diplomatic cables are written by diplomats according to the convergence or

observation in the country that they are placed. It is hard to doubt about the

credibility of the cables‟ content because, as the news is written by reporters or the

result of experts‟ research, it is checked out, discussed in a meeting, checked by

the leader, and verified as state documents.

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Two Australian Newspapers, The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald on

March 11th

2011, accuse President SBY and some figure of the country, such as

Mrs. Ani Yudhoyono, former former vice president Jusuf Kalla and parliament

chairman Taufiq Kiemas, husband of former president Megawati Soekarno Putri.

The source of the news is the data which is taken exclusively from Wikileaks.

Wikileaks also reveals secret diplomatic documents of US government which state

that SBY has abused his power as a President.

Framing Analysis On www.detkik.com

The rumor immediately becomes headline on detiknews channel of

www.detik.com, the biggest online news portal in Indonesia. Detiknews on Friday,

March 11th

2011, publishes 52 news relate to the topic. The news is published

from 08.33 AM until 07.23 PM. Even, the first headline news entitled “Australian

Newspaper Says SBY Abused Power” is shared on social network Facebook and

Twitter. The news is shared in 1208 Facebook accounts and tweeted by 386

Twitter accounts. The table below provides some examples of news titles publish

in detiknews less than an hour.

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Table 2 Wikileaks News on www.detik.com

NO NEWS TITLE TIME

1 Australian Newspaper Says SBY Abused Power 08.33

2 The Age also says SBY Covered Taufiq Kemas‟ Corruption Case 09.05

3 The Age Reveals JK‟s Bribery to Win Golkar Chairman Seat 09.09

4 Democrat Party: The Age‟s Articles, The Unproved Former

Accusations 09.40

5 US Embassy: No Comment on The Age‟s Articles, Held A Press

Conference 09.45

6 Government Considers The Age‟s Articles Accusation to SBY as

Nonsense 09.46

Syntactical

On headline news elements, we could see that detik.com uses intensely the brevity

technique of news title. It is shown by the news titles that is arranged by using

word with singular and solid elements, such as Australian Newspaper Says SBY

Abused Power, The Age also says SBY Covered Taufiq Kemas‟ Corruption Case,

The Age Reveals JK‟s Bribery to Win Golkar Chairman Seat, etc. the brevity

technique of news title is the online journalistic style which can be seen clearly on

detik.com.

Related with the construction of lead and headline, on the news The Age

Reveals JK‟s Bribery to Win Golkar Chairman Seat, (11/3/2011 09:09), there is an

intention of repeating the keyword on the title. The lead is arranged with the

sentence “The headline of The Age newspaper entitled “Yudhoyono Abused

Power”, which is cited from Wikileaks is exceedingly sensational. The article not

only reveals President SBY‟s misuse of power, but it also states that Vice

President Jusuf Kalla did the bribery to win the Golkar chairman seat.” The lead

summary is using the same keywords with the title so it does not much help the

search engine to find the news. The lead summary is the point that is mostly used

by detik.com reporters, because beside it is easier to arrange it also gives general

image of the news as a whole.

But the lead summary with the same keywords with the title does not help

much the search engine like Google, yahoo and others as the indexers. In term of

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the sources, detik.com still uses key person source approach and rarely exploits

other websites as the sources. Some of the news is quoted with by phone interview

technique or using the feature “info anda” on detik.com site. The technique

enables the reporter to not directly engage with the news objects, so the fact that is

told is based on the sources‟ statement or those who send the information to the

editorial desk and then rewrite by the reporter.

This kind of news production is hard to be verified, because the news

construction is depend on the sources‟ statement which still have unstable

credibility. Although the alternative to get the information sources is known as

online journalistic style, but in this case, detik.com still shows some weakness

especially on two sides of verification and honesty side. Detik.com does not do the

verification of news fact and the sources, so the fact that is presented is only from

one party which has unstable source authority and data validity.

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Script

The concept of 5 W 1 H in detik.com is not described in detail as in the

paragraph ““For now, we have no statement to announce,” says Vice Chairman

Press of US Embassy, Phillip W. Roskamps to detikcom, Friday (11/03/2011).”

The paragraph does not explain where and how Roskamp states the statement. It

does not show the characteristics of online journalism, which is unlimited space.

Online journalism should enable the complete news to the audience better than

other media.

Thematic The use of semantics elements on detik.com tends to emphasize the brevity

element. It shows on the news related to Wikileaks information which is briefly

written by detik.news. On the news entitled Australian Newspaper Says SBY

Abused Power, the lead that is described is “President Boediono‟s visitation in

Australia this week is not a pleasant one. The Age newspaper headline

“Yudhoyono Abused Power” is presented to him.” From the paragraph, we could

know that the brevity element which becomes the characteristic of online

journalism is applied by detik.com. This kind of news writing inspired by the lead

written style 1:2:3, a format which is started with summary 5 W in the beginning,

and followed by indirect quotes which support the main element on first and third

paragraph, direct quotes which support indirect quotes.

In term of local and global coherence, news in detik.com is constructed

linearly based on chronologically news publishing, not based on news

clarification. It shows the tendency of detik.com to remove the rubric based on

printed journalism regulation, such as international news, national news, or local

news. The classification done by detik.com is based on the type of media (photo

and tv) and based on news writing technique (hard/softnews), special report,

interview or column. The construction represents that detik.com uses global

coherency syntactical with tendency context when the news is found. It relates

with channelization concepts which tend to emphasize on the timeless context as

the characteristic of online journalism.

The element of timeless and context of the event which is happening is also

shown by detik.com through the use of the point of view. The most common term

that is used is “detik.com observation”. it is shown on the news Election the use of

the word “detik.com observation” shows that the reporters directly engage in the

event, when the event is happening (currency) it is quickly reported to the

audience (timeless).

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Rhetoric

The use of the word “nonsense” by detik.com on the news Government

Considers The Age‟s Articles Accusation to SBY as Nonsense, is personal opinion

of reporter because it does not mention the sources which state that the accusation

is a nonsense. It shows on the paragraph “The government seriously refutes the

accusation which is released on The Age newspaper, the news states that President

SBY misuses his power. Moreover, the accusation is considered as nonsense.”

The word nonsense shows a meaning that states The Age‟s accusation

should not get serious attention. The news in detik.com do not provide photos and

graphics. The photo which is added is only The Age appearance as shown below

Figure 1 The Age Headline

News description is not added with strong multimedia exploration, so the

narration is plain and descriptive. Hyperlinks in detik.com follow the pattern

which is developed on printed journalism or printed-based online journalism style.

even the hyperlink tends to be placed on the bottom of detik.com first page, so the

news intertextuality context tends to be left out.

Framing Analysis On Kompas Newspaper

Kompas is the biggest national newspaper in Indonesia. On Saturday, March

12th

2011, there are six news related to the classified documents of Wikileaks, the

table below provides the news titles

Table 3 Wikileaks News in Kompas

NO NEWS TITLE PAGE RUBRIC

1 WIKILEAKS

President “Shocks”

1 Headline

2 Indonesia Summons The United States Diplomat

Rumor of the Leaks from WikiLeaks

4 Politics and Law

3 Boediono‟s Visit 4 Politics and Law

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The Importance of Indonesia-Australia Relationship

4 Leaks From Wikileaks

Say Some Figures Involve in Corruption and Bribery

10 International

5 Wikileaks

Only an Entrance to Extricate Elite from Corruptions

10 International

6 Politics-Economics Column

Wikileaks

15 Common

Syntactical

According to www.kompasgramedia.com, Kompas has Ombudsman who

criticizes its content. The members of ombudsman are some experts, every month

they held a meeting with the leader and the editors. Meanwhile Litbang Kompas,

frequently monitors Kompas‟ contents and compares it to several national

newspaper. Litbang and Kompas Information Centre are the important units which

support the work of the reporter to write complete, accurate and reliable news.

The statements can be seen from the news about wikileaks information

which are completed with several sources. Beside describing Wikileaks

accusation, Kompas also publish a news Wikileaks: Only an Entrance to Extricate

Elite from Corruptions, which states the ideas of Global nexus Institute Chairman,

Christianto Wibison, and politics-economics column “Wikileaks” of Budiarto

Shambazy.

Therefore, even though the title and the lead can tell the audience about the

recent issue, but they do not tell the opinion of the reporter. It is the audience who

freely take their own opinion of the issue.

Script

The news in Kompas suits with the concept of Friedlander and Lee who

state that lead is about main information or the most important in the news. Lead

contains some of 5W + 1H. Lead should be two or three sentences and 40 word

maximum. The rest of the 5W + 1H is written in a paragraph so generally 5W +

1H is written separately become two first paragraph.

The example of that can be seen on the lead of first paragraph of Indonesia

Summons The United States Diplomat: Rumor of the Leaks from WikiLeaks.

“Minister of Foreign Language, Marty Natalegawa, summons US Diplomat, Scot

Marciel, Friday (11/3), to be asked about the explanation and to get protest from

Indonesia government. The closed meeting is started on 10.00.”

Thematic

http://www.kompasgramedia.com/

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There is a news entitled Leaks From Wikileaks: Say Some Figures Involve

in Corruption and Bribery, which do not mention the names explicitly. It can be

seen on the paragraph ”Shockingly, some great figures, who still rule the

government or had ruled the top position of the country, are the doers of the

terrible practices.” The paragraph uses the word great figures, the top position of

the country as denotation of the former officers and President SBY. Even though,

in the first paragraph of Wikileaks: President “Shocks”, it is explained that

government and Presiden SBY refute the news on two Australian Newspapers.

The contradiction happens because Kompas carefully publishes someone‟s

name who engage in corruption. Kompas applying the Innocence Assumptions.

Thus, even though the news title is sharp enough that is Say Some Figures Involve

in Corruption and Bribery, but Kompas does not want the news becomes

defamation without data and facts.

Rhetorics

Kompas‟ carefulness also can be seen when it provides a photo on page 10

in international rubric entitled Leaks from Wikileaks: Say Some Figures Involve in

Corruption and Bribery.

It is a photo of Marty Natalegawa on the press conference with Scot

Marciel. The press conference states the protest of abusing power accusation by

SBY as reported on Australian newspaper, The Age.

The photo also stated that Kompas do the cover both story, it does not only

reported about The Age‟s accusation but also the press conference done by the

government about the accusation.

Below is the comparison of the framing analysis on the news of

Indonesian classified documents in Wikileaks between detik.com and Kompas:

Table 4 Kompas and www.detik.com News Frame

NO FRAMING

TOOL www.detik.com KOMPAS

1 News Scheme The headline directly tells

about the issue of Australian

Newspaper Says SBY Abused

Power.

The Lead directly tells the

about the unpleasant visitation

of Boediono to Australia after

On Friday, March 11th

2011,

the Tsunami happens in Japan.

The Kompas headline news is

about the disaster.

News about Wikileaks is also

published in first page, but

located in the bottom corner



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he is presented the headline of

Australian Newspaper Says

SBY Abused Power.

Two news relate with the

issues still haven‟t get any

confirmation from the related

parties.

on the left with title

WIKILEAKS: President

“Shocks”.

The lead sufficiently makes

the readers pay attention to the

issue. Even, the news is

directly reported by Kompas

reporter in Perth, Australia.

Kompas, on the headline

news, also confirms the news

to some sources such as to

President‟s Special Staff of

Political Communication

Daniel T. Sparringa, Solicitor

General, Marwan Effendi, and

Secretary General of Partai

Demokrasi Indonesia, Tjahjo

Kumolo

2 News

Completeness

The short news makes the

pattern of 5W + 1H is less

described.

The pattern of 5W + 1H is

fully described.

3 Detail There are 52 news with the

same issue, but the description

is not in detail.

Presented in the form of

report, with some pro-contra

opinions from various sources.

4 Purpose of

sentences,

connection

Brief and flowing. The reader

who wants update information

can quickly get it.

Using active sentences. News

more discreetly without

jugdement.

5 Nominalization

between

sentence

Effective and efficient.

Effective and efficient.

6 Coherence The relevance between articles

is coherently enough, even

though only in the form of

opinion and analysis.

The relevance between news

titles is coherently enough,

even though each of the six

titles reports the issues from

different sources and

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viewpoints, but it is still in one

coherency.

7 Sentence form Descriptive. Narrative.

8 Pronoun The editorial places

themselves as third person

plural or observer.

The editorial places

themselves as third person

plural, but not only as

observer but also as a narrator.

9 Lexicon The diction ability of the

writer should be improved.

Almost all of first and last

paragraph on the news contain

the same words.

The variety vocabulary is used

in the news. There is some

fine diction. Several synonym

words are used in turns.

10 Graphic The page of main report

provides the image of The

Age newspaper with headline

headline Yudhoyono „Abused

Power‟.

On the headline, there is an

image of a camera with

caption: see also Video “Sudi

Silalahi refutes Wikileaks” on

vod.kompas.com/sudibantah.

On the international rubric‟s

news in page 10 entitled Leaks

From Wikileaks: Say Some

Figures Involve in Corruption

and Bribery, there is an image

of Minister of Foreign

Language, Marty Natalegawa,

in the press conference with

US Diplomat Scot Marciel.

The press conference states

the SBY‟s protest of abusing

power accusation as reported

on US Embassy diplomatic

cables in Jakarta, which is

cited by Australian

newspaper, The Age.

11 Metaphor Does not use a lot of

metaphor.

The word “shocks” with

quoting mark on the headline

shows that SBY feels furious

and disappointed.

20


12 Assumption The use of the word nonsense

on the news entitled

Government Considers The

Age‟s Articles Accusation to

SBY as Nonsense, describe

the serious protest of

government to the issue.

The news Wikileaks

Only an Entrance to Extricate

Elite from Corruptions, shows

that Kompas, besides tell

about facts, also gives

alternative solutions to fight

against corruption.

In Kompas as traditional media, the information, is presented with linearity

to the audience. The audience of must follow the order of information that has

been given before by the publisher: from the first story to the second and the third

one and so on, without any ability to skip the story.

But in online media like www.detik.com, the information can be presented

in various ways with no-linearity to accommodate „the freedom‟ of the audience:

you can start enjoying the online publication from the last story and then jump to

the story before it or to the story that have been published years before, even to the

source of the information that is absolutely different in the middle of the process of

enjoying information.

What is called „freedom to choose‟ in online media, actually, is not real

freedom but an illusion to choose; because, basically, online media has been

decided the options first (it is done by providing hyperlink). This is one of the

aspects that enable online media to provide plenteous information than traditional

media.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chun, W. H. (2006). New Media, Old media : a History and Theory Reader. New

York. Routledge.

Durham, M. G., & Kellner, D. M. (2002). Media and Cultural Studies KeyWorks.

Oxford. Blackweell Publisher Inc.

Eriyanto. (2002). FramingAnalysis. Yogyakarta. LKiS. [In Indonesian]

McAdams, M. (2005). Flash Journalism; How to Create Multimedia News

Packages. Oxford. Focal Press.

McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (4th edition).

London: Sage Publication

Nurudin (2009). Jusnalism Now. Rajagrafindo.Jakarta [In Indonesian]

21


Pavlik, J. V. (2001). Journalism and New Media. New York. Columbia University

Press.

Pavlik, J. V. (2001). News Framing and New Media: Digital Tool to Re-engage an

Alienated Citizenry. On S. D. Reese, Framing Public Life; Prespective on

Media and Our Understanding of the Social Media London. Lawrence Erlbaum

Associaton Publishers.

Sobur, Alex (2009). Media Text Analysis. Rosda. Bandung. [In Indonesian]

Sumadiria, Haris AS. (2008). Journalistic Language. Simbiosa. Bandung. [In

Indonesian]

Documents

FRAMING ANALYSIS ON THE NEWS OF INDONESIAN … · Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi – Universitas Mercu Buana 2 classified documents that was leaked by WikiLeaks. The news would be analyzed