Four Related Acronyms: ENUM, SIP, DMX and 2Pac How They All Come Together….

Tom Kershaw

Vice President, VoIP

VeriSign

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Yet Another Take On ENUM…(aka Agenda)

+ ENUM Defined for the 34,567th time

+ ENUM the Theory

+ “Peering,” Traffic Sharing, Killing the PSTN etc▪ The SIP Way▪ The ENUM Way

+ The IETF View v. The Carrier View v. the End User View

+ Does QoS Matter?

+ Does Network Interoperability Matter?

+ Why Do Gangsta Rappers Love ENUM?

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What Is ENUM?

+ ENUM is a protocol+ Born in the IETF+ Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP+ Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial

+ If We Just Talked About ENUM the Protocol, this would be a very short conference

+ ENUM is a Political Movement+ Ownership of Addresses+ National Sovereignty+ Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes+ Global Disarmament+ Etc.

+ There is a strong need to separate the protocol/implementation issues from the public policy issues

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Some Initial Comments on ENUM

+ Private (Carrier) ENUM v. Public (User) ENUM+ Debates, Controversy, Confusion+ The Key Points:+ Carrier and User ENUM are different and should have

different structures+ Carrier and User ENUM are consistent and can co-exist

peacefully+ There is no clear agreement on what ENUM is for:+ The wonderful world of the Internet+ The wonderful world of the PSTN+ The alleged convergence of these two things+ OR….Something totally different

+ SIP Peering is 100x bigger than ENUM right now…+ ….(which is like Luxembourg calling Lichtenstein small)

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Current State of ENUM

+ Public ENUM trials and “production” environments+ Austria, Australia, Korea are leading+ Volume is very small+ Driven by the Internet Community+ Dependent on users actually caring+ Public ENUM Regulatory Bodies+ U.S., Japan+ Driven by the PTTs+ User involvement is little to none+ Private ENUM efforts+ Cable+ Mobile Operators

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Drivers for ENUM

+ The Driver Matters – Results are Different

+ Internet Community Driven

+ PTT Driven

+ Mobile Content Driven

+ Our View: What is the Goal of ENUM – To Drive IP-to-IP

Communications that goes beyond traditional voice

+ People assume that VoIP operators and users are driving ENUM –

but they are not

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Who Cares About ENUM?

I don’t care about ENUM!

What are you talking about?

I love ENUM! I have all of his CDs!

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VoIP and ENUM

+ ENUM is not relevant to VoIP yet+ Volumes are too small+ Japan Case+ 10 million VoIP endpoints+ 10% x 10% = 5% of calls are IP to IP+ Benefits of the query with a 5% resolution rate is

questionable+ ENUM matters only when you can drive res rates above 25%+ Enterprise Verticals+ Communities of Interest+ Peered Private-Public ENUM structures+ Cable Efforts are Likely to be Key Drivers+ IE – we have to drive volume and drive resolution rates up

collectively rather than pursuing our own private interests

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+ Conclusion: VoIP operators and users do not care

about ENUM at present

+ But there is someone who does care about ENUM…..

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Who Cares About ENUM?

I Love ENUM!

ENUM is great!

It makes me money.

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ENUM and Mobile Content

+ ENUM is currently driven by mobile content

+ 50 Cent makes more money off of ENUM than all the VoIP

operators combined

+ When a user downloads a ringtone, it is sent to the destination

MMSC using SMPP

+ SMPP requires a mailto: address

+ ENUM is used to discover the mailto: address of the destination

+ This application leads to some perverse results

+ how to you map the phone number to the correct mailto:

+ what if the number is ported?

+ what is the number is issued under an MVNO?

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Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots”+ Tier 0:

▪ Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only)

▪ Contains participating country codes.▪ Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US

+ Tier I:▪ Several valid country specific public trials – Austria is leading▪ U.S. has decided to issue a tender for CC1, split into to

administrative domains▪ Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now

+ Tier II:▪ A Few Interesting Trials Underway▪ Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root▪ VoIP Tier IIs brag about 500K users; Mobile will be in the 50

Millions soon

There are actually many ways to do this….

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Current Issues With ENUM

+ Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today

+ Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet

+ Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP

+ Huge political issues over data ownership▪ Two camps: ▪ I want the data and I want everything to be free

+ ENUM solves only a small part of the problem▪ Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is

another issue

+ Mobile Content application is creating a critical mass in ENUM that

is not necessarily consistent with the VoIP application

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ENUM: Missing Pieces

+ I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party+ I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address

+ But:+ What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination+ What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination+ What Network Path to Take+ What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed

+ ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out.

+ Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)

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Private Peering: Real World Example

Private Root

Private IP Backbone

Enterprise Location Server

Private ENUM

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com

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QoS: Perceived if Not Real

+ Many Carriers & Enterprises utilize MPLS for Real-Time Transport▪ Connection oriented traffic engineering with bandwidth protection▪ Quality-of-Service mechanisms (e.g. voice prioritization) ▪ Secure MPLS Tunnels/MPLS Virtual Private Networking

+ Problem: No Exit▪ MPLS protects the on-net traffic▪ There is no way off▪ Firewalls are never touched

INTERNET PSTNMPLS CORE

VoIP Gateway

Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)

SITE A

Internet Gateway

THIG

NRD

SITE B

BearerSignaling

Redundant carrier-grade THIGs utilized by one or more federation members

Internet/External connectivity is a completely separate connection

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MPLS and ENUM

BearerSignaling

INTERNET

PSTN

Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP)

Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)

NRD

THIG

Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)

MPLS Carrier A

Corporation B(MPLS VPN B)

MPLS Carrier B

Corporation A(MPLS VPN A)

SS7

ENUM

DNS

DA

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Public and Private: A Real Example

Austrian Public Root

Public IP Backbone

VeriSign Private

Root

Company 2Company 1

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.com

Private IP Backbone

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ENUM with SIP Functionality

Tier 1 ENUM

Option 1

Location Server/Registrar

Tier 2

ENUM

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

Call Control

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "E2U+sip" “!^.*$!sip:tkershaw@verisign.com!”

IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" “E2U+mailto" “!^.*$!mailto:tkershaw@verisign.comDevice Resources

EREG

Option 2

Option 3

Perimeter Security and Interop Resources

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ENUM Issues to Be Resolved

+ Critical Mass (the Network Problem)

+ Application developers

+ Public or private directories

+ Update rate

+ One or many - providers, databases, …

+ Regulatory and policy issues

+ New identifiers

+ Coverage

+ PSTN Service Logic

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Conclusions

+ ENUM is currently a mess

+ Private, Public, Mobile applications are uncoordinated and there is

mass confusion

+ Keep the end goal in mind – creating a public IP infrastructure for

applications (voice, video, IM, gaming, etc)

+ Opt-Out of Opt-In

+ First to 30 million wins

+ Anyone doing Private ENUM that is not peering is being short-

sighted

+ And finally…

ENUM is the Preferred Protocol of Gangsta Rap!

Thank You