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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 95, No. 2474

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SCIENCE

VOL. 95 FRIDAY, MAY 29, 1942 No. 2474

The Venopressor Mechanism: PROFESSOR YANDELL Societies and Meetings:........................................... .................The Las Cruces Meeting of the Southwestern Divi-

sion: DR. FRANK E. E. GERMANN .. ....... .... 556Military Geology from the Air: PROFESSOR JOHNL. RICH ................. 543 Reports:

The American Museum of Natural History: A.Obituary: PERRY OSBORN .....558C. Hart Merrian: Z. M. and M. W. TALBOT. Re-cent Deaths ........ .. .................. ... 545 Special Articles:

The Relation between Nucleic Acid and Growth:Scientific Events: DR. AUSTIN M. BRUES and OTHERS. Isolation ofThe Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences; The a Filterable Virus from Chickens Affected withCollege of Engineering of New York University; "Blue Comb " Disease: DR. E. F. WALLER ............ 558The Annual Report of the Brooklyn Botanic Gar- Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:den; The Nutrition Foundation; The American S im Ultratriugand Plastic Rotor:Phytopathological Society; Prize in Pure Chem- A Simpe Ultracentrifuge with Plastic Rotor: DR.

istry of the American ChemicalSociety .............................. 547 KURT STERN ..............................561

Scientific Notes and News .. .... 549 Science News ........ 8

Discussion: SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-The Geological History of the Bermudas: DR. ment of Science, edited by J. MCKiEEN CATTELL and pub-HILARY B. MOORE. A Ground Sloth in Alaska: lished every Friday byDR. CHESTER STOCK. A Vestige of BabylonianInfluence in Thermometry: PROFESSOR CARL B. THE SCIENCE PRESSBOYER. Immunity and Resistance: DR. N. J. Lancaster, Pa. Garrison N. Y.GIDDINGS. Vitamin A for Color Blindness: PRO- LFESSOR KNIGHT DUNLAP and ROBERT D. LOKEN 551 Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.

SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-Scientific Books: tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-Dimension: PROFESSOR KARL MENGER. Chemistry: ing membership in the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary in the SmithsonianPROFESSOR MARSToN T. BOGERT.........................554 institution Building, Washington, D. C.

THE VENOPRESSOR MECHANISMBy Professor YANDELL HENDERSON

LABORATORY OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, YALE UNIVERSITY

"WE have yet to explain in what manner the bloodfinds its way back to the heart from the extremitiesby the veins." So wrote William Harvey:l and now300 years later the explanation is still not wholly com-plete. As a major factor in the venous return, Harveydescribed the valves in the veins and showed, by mov-ing a finger along a vein in the arm, that "while thesevalves readily open in the right direction," i.e., towardthe heart, they "entirely prevent all contrary motion."And he accompanied the description with a drawing,copied from Fabricius,2 showing a man's forearm with

1W. Harvey, " The Motion of the Heart and Blood inAnimals.'" London, 1628. Chap. 13. Everyman 's Li-brary, New York, 1906. Also translation by C. D. Leake,published by C C Thomas, 1931.

2 H. Fabricius, "DeVenarum Ostiolis," 1603. Trans-lation by K. J. Franklin, published by C. C Thomas, 1933,pp. 80, 81.

a ligature above the elbow and the hand grasping arod, while the veins swell. In the grip of the hand inthat drawing is the first suggestion of a venopressormechanism.

It is always dangerous to read subsequent knowledgeback into the words of the first author in any field.Yet one can not resist the impression that Harvey, inthis- drawing along with his account of the valves inthe veins, recognized that the vigorous contraction ofthe muscles of the forearm propels blood from themuscles into the veins and on toward the right heart.If so, he would have been entirely in accord with themodern view that any muscle that is rhythmicallyrelaxed and contracted, so that its capillaries arealternately filled from the arteries and emptied intothe veins, acts as a peripheral pump, a "booster,"8

3 Booster: A pump used to increase the pressure of