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Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

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Page 1: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

Page 2: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Finding Early Historical Evidence

Types of Sources

Changing interpretations and new evidence

Page 3: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Foundations Key Terms

Interaction and Exchange

Urbanization

Nomadic Peoples

Axial Age

Empires

Spread of Religion

Page 4: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Role of Climate and Geography in Early Societies

Imagine how early societies may have been affected.

How do you think early peoples responded?

What difference would geography make in the long term development of a society?

Page 5: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Population

Demography-the study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining to a human population

What factors influence population growth and decline?

Environmental

human

Page 6: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence
Page 7: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Early Migrations

Page 8: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Nomadic Peoples

Hunting-gathering lifestyle (!Kung people)

Labor/ leisure

Population growth

Gender relations

Page 9: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Rise of Agriculture

Spontaneous separate development – why, where and when?

Diffusion of specific plants and techniques

Connected Technological changes

Pastoral societies

Africa, the Americas, Europe and Asia

Page 10: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Nature of village settlementsThis land is my land, not your land

Impact of agriculture on the environment

Introduction of key stages of metal use

Page 11: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Birth of New Technologies

Fire

Bronze

Iron

Page 12: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Civilizations?

Page 13: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

What is a Civilization?

Standard criteria: ethics material

Origins of term-Complex cultures assume they are superior to barbarian cultures

Use of term?

Page 14: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Basic Features of Early Civilizations

Different Environments

Culture

State

Social structure

Know enough to compare them

Page 15: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Early Societies

Mesopotamia

Egypt

Indus Valley or Harrapan

Shang or Yellow River (Huang He)

MesoAmerica and Andean South . American

Page 16: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Comparison of Egypt and Mesopotamia

Egypt

Predictable flood

Mesopotamia

Irregular flooding

Page 17: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

What about ?

Egypt Mesopotamia

Political System

Social Structures

Religion

Women’s Roles

Page 18: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Early Societies

Mesopotamia

Egypt

Indus

Shang

Mesoamerica and Andean South America

Page 19: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Shared Features

Page 20: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Unique characteristics

Page 21: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Urbanization

Comparisons between urban, pastoral and nomadic life

Page 22: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Classical SocietiesAxial age-

Why then?

Results: ReligionPoliticsSocial StructureGender relations

Page 23: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Axial Age Thinkers

Page 24: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Empire Building

What does an empire require?

What do its subjects expect?

Symbols of legitimacy

Page 25: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Symbols of Legitimacy

Page 26: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Achievements

Greek science and philosophy

Roman law and architecture

Political organization in Han China

Spiritual and artistic developments in Gupta India

Page 27: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Urbanization and Gender

How might gender roles be affected as peoples settled?

Page 28: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Polytheism

Page 29: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Hinduism

Page 30: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Judaism

Page 31: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Confucianism

Page 32: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Daoism

Page 33: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Buddhism

Page 34: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Christianity

Page 35: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Origins of World Belief Systems

Islam

Page 36: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Diffusion of Belief Systems

Page 37: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Collapse of Empires

Why do Empires fall?

Page 38: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Interregional Networks of People by 600 C.E.

Silk Roads

Mediterranean trade

Indian Ocean trade

Meso and Andean American trading

Page 39: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Silk Routes

Page 40: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Mediterranean Trade Routes

Page 41: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Indian Ocean Trade

Page 42: Foundations: 8000 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.. Finding Early Historical Evidence Types of Sources Changing interpretations and new evidence

Conclusions

How do we know what we know?

How does change happen?

What results stem from interaction through migration, trade or pilgrimage?

Why do world historians need to pose questions differently than regional specialists?


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