Foundation year

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

T.SANAA ABD EL HAMED

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYT. SANAA ABD EL HAMED

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES

Are to:

1. Explain the functions of the respiratory system.

2. Label a diagram of the respiratory system.

3. Identify and use the roots pertaining to the respiratory system.

4. Describe the major disorders of the respiratory system.

5. Interpret abbreviations used in referring to the respiratory

system.

6. Define medical terms used in reference to the respiratory

system.

7. Analyze case studies pertaining to diseases that affect

respiration.

1. Lung (n) one of two organs of respiration in the

body into which air is sucked when a person

breathes. The combining form pneumon/o means

the lungs and air. Pulm/o and pulmon/o are

additional combining forms which means lung.

Pulmonary – adj.

2. Pneumonia (n) (new-moh-nia) lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection,

in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs

3. Pneumothorax (n) the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the

chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.

4. Bronchus (n) air passage

leading from the trachea

into the lungs.

Bronchial – adj.

bronchi – plural.

5. Bronchitis (n) (brong-ky-tis) inflammation of the mucous

membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes

bronchospasm and coughing.

.The combining form bronch/o means bronchus.

6. Bronchiectasis (n) (bronk-i-ekta-sis) abnormal

widening of the bronchi or their branches, causing a risk

of infection.

. The suffix –ectasis means dilatation or stretching.

7. Bronchodilator (n) a drug which expands the opening of the

passage into the lung. The opposite is bronchoconstrictor.

8. Trachea (n) (tray-kia) means the main air passage

which runs from the larynx to the bronchi, also

known as the wind pipe.

Tracheal – adj.

trache/o – combining form.

9. Tracheostomy (n): a surgical operation to make a hole

through the throat into the wind pipe to allow the

patient to breath.

10. Larynx (n) the hollow muscular organ forming an air

passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in

humans and other mammals; the voice box

Laryngeal – adj.

laryngitis – noun (inflammation of the larynx).

11. Laryngoscopy (n) means visual examination of the

larynx.

12. Nose (n) an organ through which a person breathes

and smells. The combining forms rhin/o and nas/o both

mean nose.

Nasal- adj.

13. Rhinoplasty (n) means surgical repair of the nose.

14. rhinitis: (n)inflammation of the mucus membrane in

the nose.

15.rhinorrhea (n): watery discharge from the nose. The

suffix -rrhea means flow or discharge.

16. Diaphragm (n) ( dy-a-fram) means the muscle

separating the chest and abdomen. The combining

form phren/o means diaphragm

Diaphragmatic – adj.

17. Sinus (n) (sy-nus) means a cavity inside the body

including cavities inside the head behind cheekbone,

forehead and nose. The combining form sinus/o means

sinus or cavity.

18. sinusitis (n) (sy-nus-I-tis) inflammation of the

sinuses.

19. Thoracic (adj) means pertaining to the thorax.

The combining forms thorac/o , steth/o and pect/o all

mean chest

20. Thoracocentesis is a procedure to remove

excess fluid in the space between the lungs and the

chest wall. This space is called the pleural space..

21. Costal (adj) (kost’l) referring to the ribs.

22. Stethoscope(n): means an instrument with two earpieces used for listening to the chest sounds.

23. Anoxia (n) (an-oks-ia) lack of oxygen in body tissue. The

combining forms ox/o, ox/i and ox/y all mean oxygen.

24. Hypopnea (n) (hy-poh-nee-a) means abnormal decrease in

the rate of breathing.

25. Apnea (n) (ap-nee-a) means the absence of

spontaneous breathing or respiration. The prefix a-

means without. The suffix –pnoea means breathing.

26. Asthma (n) (ass-ma) means narrowing of

the bronchial tubes, where the muscle go to

spasm and the patient has difficulty in breathing.

Asthmatic – adj.

27. Cyanosis (n) (sy-a-noh-sis) means bluish

discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. Caused

by a lack of a adequate oxygen. Cyan/o means blue.

Cyanosed – verb.

Cyanotic – adj.

28. Dysphonia (n) (dis-foh-nia)

means any voice impairment.

The combining form phon /o

means voice or sound.

29. Emphysema (n) means air

in the tissues.

30. Haemothorax (n) means accumulation of blood in

the pleural cavity. The combining form haem/o means blood.

The root word thorax means chest.

31. to respire (v) means breath deeply.

respiration – noun

respiratory – adj

32. to intubate (v)means to insert a tube into any

organ or part of the body.

Intubation – noun.

33. Aspiration (n) (ass-per-ay-shon) means:

(i) Removing fluids from a cavity in the body.

(ii) inhaling foreign materials e.g. vomited

stomach contents into the lung.

Aspirate – verb.

Aspirator – noun ( the instrument that suck

fluid out of a cavity)

34. Oedema (n) (ee-de-ma) an excessive accumulation

of liquid in body tissues.

35. Spirometer (n) an instrument for measuring

the volume of air taken in and out of the lungs.

• 36. sputum (n) (spew-tum) mucus found in an inflamed nose, throat or lung and coughed up by the patient, also known as phlegm

• 37. septum (n) means a wall between two parts of an organ. The combining form is sept/o. Septal – adj.