Forward Physics at the LHC - A Project Review

Risto Orava

Helsinki Institute of Physics andDepartment of Physical Sciences University of Helsinki

0.1Orsay R.Orava 29. September 2003

Forward Physics Project Review - Contents

0.2

• Physics Goals & Bench Mark Processes• Forward Spectrometer at the LHC• The Helsinki Group: Resource basis, Plans• Summary

Important part of the phase space is not covered by the baseline designs at LHC. Much of the large energy, small transverse energy particles are missed.

In the forward region (| > 5): few particles with large energies/small transverse momenta.

Charge flow

Energy flow

information value low: - bulk of the particles crated late in space-time

information value high: - leading particles created early in space-time

1.1

Hgap gap

b

b -jet

-jet

Missing Mass can be accurately scanned in pp p + X + p by using the leading protons

Bench mark process at Tevatron: Exclusive Higgs production in pp p + + p with tagged antiprotons + rap gaps, di-jet mass fraction…

P1’ P2’

beam

p2’

p1’

dipole

Roman PotsMH

2 = Mmissing2

= (p1+p2-p1’-p2’)2

= Mbb2dipole

Mmissing = O(1 GeV)

Mbb = O(10GeV)

Roman Pots

MSSM with large tan=> 10 x SM!

1.2

Upgrade scenarios and Forward detectors - CMS & TOTEM

2.2

• Technical Proposal submitted in 1999• Technical Design Report (TRD) to be completed by End 2003• Designed to co-exist with CMS and to run with large, intermediate and low * (1100m & 18m & 0.5m)• Aims at:

• Precision measurement of tot (tot ~ 1mb)• Elastic scattering down to -tmin ~ 10-3

• Diffractive scattering • Forward spectrometer:

• T1 & T2 for inelastics (3 < || < 7) • New collaborators: ILK Dresden, (Germany), Helsinki (Fi), Brunel London (UK), Warsaw (Pol)

Experimental Apparatus at the LHC

Roman Pots/Microstations to measure elastic and diffractive protons

TOTEM integrated with the machine

Inelastic Detector

TOTEM integrated with CMS

Inelastic Detector

Roman Pot/Microstation

-concept

RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4

in

out

T1-T2T1-T2

2.1

New layout of T2 - CMS/TOTEM Working Group on Diffraction

Silicon Pixel Tracker 5.0<<7.5

Electromagnetic Calorimeter 5.0<<7.5

Absorber

Optimized Conical Vacuum Chamber

A

A

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

eta

X/X

o

2.3

A novel detector for measuring the leading protons - the Microstation - is designed to comply with the LHC requirements.

• A compact and light detector system • Integrated with the beam vacuum chamber • Geometry and materials compatible with the machine requirements• m accuracy in sensor movements • Robust and reliable to operate • Si strip or pixel detector technology

Development in cooperation with the LHC machine groups. 2.4

Inner tube for rf fitting

Inch worm motor

Emergency actuator

Detector

Space for cables and cooling link

Space for encoder

6cm

Microstation

Note: A secondary vacuum is an option.

M.Ryynänen, R.Orava. /Helsinki group 2.5

μstation, Secondary Vacuum Implementation

Detector

Beam vacuum

Secondary vacuum

2.12

Research and Development: stations

• Beam impedance, electromagnetic pick-up bench measurements, shielding.

• Alignment, mechanical stability and reliability, emergency detector retraction from the beam.

• Cooling and cryogenic system studies (see Velo/LHC-b).• Bakeout tests, outgassing and vacuum tests.• Study of radiation hardness of the critical components:

– motors, – connectors and feedthroughs, – flexible connections at cryogenic temperatures in vacuum.

• Detector integration, position encoders, rad hardness, r-o cables.

2.15

Validation in collaboration with the LHC machine groups(as in the case of the Velo detector/LHC-b).

Detector

Support

PitchAdapter

APV25

Hybrid

CoolingPipe

Spacer

A Silicon Detector Module/Totem4.11

n n

p

p

Back plane extented to side using p-diffusiondepletion region up to p and no guard ring is requiredsignal picked by n-strip up to p-diffusion<10m dead space at the edge of the detector

p back plane

p diffusion

n strip

2.18

3D Detectors and Active edges3D Detectors and Active edges

3D TECHNOLOGYE-field line contained byedge (p) electrode

EDGE SENSITIVITY <10 m

Side view

Top viewPictures of processed structuresBrunel, Hawaii, Stanford 2003

EDGE SENSITIVITY <10 mCOLLECTION PATHS ~50 m

SPATIAL RESOLUTION 10-15 m

DEPLETION VOLTAGES < 10 V DEPLETION VOLTAGES ~105 V at 1015n/cm2

SPEED AT RT 3.5 ns

AREA COVERAGE 3X3 cm2

SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 24 000 e before Irradiation

SIGNAL AMPLITUDE 15 000 e- at 1015n/cm2

50 m pitch

S. Parker, C. Kenney1995

pp

ac

ce

pta

nc

e

RP4 (215 m)RP7 (420 m)

RP6 (340 m)RP5 (300 m)

Diffraction Dissociation (High Luminosity)* = 0.5 m

Proton Acceptance at 215, 308 and 420 m’s

Helsinki Group/Tuula Mäki

Acc

ep

tan

ce

MM (GeV)

0%

100%

200 400 600 800 1000

all stations together

stations at 215 and 420m

station at 215m alone

station at 420m alone

Conclusions: Acceptance from 40 GeV on, stations at 308m & 420m give 50% acceptance for 130 GeV Higgs

50%

Missing Mass Resolution at 215, 308 and 420m’s

Helsinki Group/Tuula Mäki

M/M

M/M

M(GeV)

100

100 300 500 700

60 140 180

Conclusions: Stations at 308-420 m alone yield 1% M/M, All stations combined give 2% M/M for mH = 120 GeV

1%

4%

1%

3%

The Helsinki Group - Collaboration

Helsinki Institute of Physics Physics and detector simulation,(hip.fi) R. Orava integration&testing, project coordination

Division of High Energy Physics, Physics and detector simulation,University of Helsinki project coordination(physics.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/sefo.html)R. Orava

Durham University Phenomenology of Forward PhysicsV. Khoze

Iowa State University SimulationJ. Lamsa

Espoo-Vantaa Institute Software developmentof Technology (evitech.fi)T. Leinonen

Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic Hybrid development/RF testing/(pspt.fi) slow controls/testsH. Heikura & A.Toppinen

Rovaniemi Polytechnic Data base/GRID(ramk.fi) J. Leino

VTT Technical Research Edgeless Si-detectors for microstationCenter of Finland (vtt.fi)I. Suni, S. Eränen

Institute/ Coordinator Responsibility

1.2

The Helsinki Group - CompositionMember Position Experience Task Funding(-03)

Avati V. PhD student Totem beam simulation HIP2

Bergholm V.1 PhD student summer student simulaton/tests grad.school2

Cwetanski P. PhD student ATLAS TRT detector tests CERN tech.student

Goussev E. Student summer student simulation/testsfellowship?

Järvinen M. student summer student simulation fellowship?

Kalliopuska J. PhD student summer student detector dev fellowship?

Kiiskinen A. post doc LHC R&D, Delphi simulation/tests HIP2

Kurvinen K. detector phys. LHC R&D, Delphi detector testsHIP&STUK

Lauhakangas R. DAQ eng. LHC R&D, Delphi,... DAQ HIP

Mäki T.1 PhD student summer student simulation/tests grad.school2

Noschis E. PhD student LHC R&D detector tests CERN tech.student

Oljemark F. student summer student simulation/tests fellowship?

Orava R. prof. LHC R&D, Delphi,E605 project leader HIP & UH

Palmieri V. post doc RD39, NA50... Si-detectors CERN project ass.2

Saarikko H. prof. Delphi, NA22, UA5 diffraction UH

Tapprogge S. post doc Atlas, H1, NA45 performance HIP

Österberg K. post doc LHCb, Delphi detector syst UH

+ technical trainees elec., software testing Polytechnics

+ student trainees high energy phys. MoE

1 Currently working on their MSc thesis 2 Foreseen source of funding1.1

Project Activities: LHC

• intensive study on physics performance simulations continue• define the optimal layout of the detector locations / geometry• assess physics potential

• R&D on the microstation concept to converge • engineering prototype finished in autumn 2001• design and construction of a fully functional prototype to validate the microstation concept in the FNAL test beam

• final proposal to LHC for a coherent extension in forward region• design and construction of a production prototype • submit proposal to the LHCC 35

LHC represents a gluon factory with a factor 40 enhancement in gluon-gluon luminosity as compared to Tevatron – forward physics processes provide a clean environment for new physics, complementary to the base line program.

Project Activities: LHC

• a wide range of physics and detector related aspects • supporting activities

•luminosity measurement •measurement of the elastic cross section•detector R&D

• to be carried out in collaboration with:• CMS-TOTEM (A. DeRoeck & K. Eggert) on Forward Spectrometer designs• TOTEM (K. Eggert) on Roman Pots/microstations, on Cryogenic Si-detectors (V.Palmieri), on edgeless Si-detectors (S. Parker, C. DaVia, VTT, Polytechnics)

36

Forward Physics Project

Basic Research

Basic Research

Applied Research

Applied Research

Education, Training

Education, Training

HIP & University of HelsinkiHIP & University of Helsinki

Technology Transfer

Technology Transfer

PolytechnicsPolytechnics

VTT & IndustriesVTT & Industries

CERNCERN