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Forward Physics at the LHC
- A Project Review Risto Orava
Helsinki Institute of Physics andDepartment of Physical Sciences University of Helsinki
0.1R-ECFA Meeting in Helsinki R.Orava 26. September 2003
• Physics Goals & Bench Mark Processes• Forward Spectrometer at the LHC• Project activities at CDF/Tevatron• The Helsinki Group: Resource basis, Plans• Impact: Education, R&D• Summary
Important part of the phase space is not covered by the baseline designs at LHC. Much of the large energy, small transverse energy particles are missed.
In the forward region (| > 5):
few particles with large energies/ small transverse momenta.
Charge flow
Energy flow
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
information value low: - bulk of the particles created late in space-time
information value high: - leading particles created early in space-time
1.1
Hgap gap
b
-jet
-jet
P1’ P2’
MSSM with large tan=> 10 x SM!
MH2 = Mmissing
2
= (p1+p2-p1’-p2’)2
= Mbb2
Mmissing = O(1 GeV)
Mbb = O(10GeV) Missing Mass: accurate scan in
pp p + X + p using leading p’s
b
Upgrade scenarios and Forward detectors - CMS & TOTEM
2.1
• Technical Proposal submitted in 1999• Technical Design Report (TDR) to be completed by End 2003• Designed to co-exist with CMS and to run with large, intermediate and low * (1500m & 18m & 0.5m)• Aims at:
• Precision measurement of tot (tot ~ 1mb)
• Elastic scattering down to -tmin ~ 10-3
• Diffractive scattering • Forward spectrometer:
• T1 & T2 for inelastics (3 < || < 7) • New collaborators: ILK Dresden, Helsinki,
Brunel, Warsaw, Prague, INFN-Genova.R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
Experimental Apparatus at the LHC
Roman Pots/Microstations to measure elastic and diffractive protons
TOTEM integrated with the machine
Inelastic Detector
TOTEM integrated with CMS
Inelastic Detector
Roman Pot/Microstation
-concept
RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4
in
out
T1-T2T1-T2
2.2
New layout of T2 - CMS/TOTEM Working Group on Diffraction
Silicon Pixel or GEM Tracker 5.0<<7.5
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
(Castor) 5.0<<7.5
Absorber
Optimized Conical Vacuum Chamber
A
A
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
eta
X/X
o
2.3
pp
ac
ce
pta
nc
e
RP4 (215 m)RP7 (420 m)
RP6 (340 m)RP5 (300 m)
* = 0.5 m Diffraction Dissociation (High Luminosity)
2.4
A novel detector for measuring the leading protons - the Microstation - is designed to comply with the LHC requirements.
• A compact and light detector system • Integrated with the beam vacuum chamber • Geometry and materials compatible with the machine requirements• m accuracy in sensor movements • Si strip or pixel detector technology • Robust / reliable operation
Development in cooperation with the LHC machine groups. 2.5
Microstation - initial design
Inner tube for rf fitting
Inch worm motor
Emergency actuator
Detector
Space for cables and cooling link
Space for encoder
6cm
Microstation: initial design
Note: A secondary vacuum is an option.
Helsinki group 2.10
μstation, Secondary Vacuum Implementation
Detector
Beam vacuum
Secondary vacuum
2.11
Microstation: design with secondary vacuum
Research and Development: stations
• Beam impedance, electromagnetic pick-up bench measurements, shielding.
• Alignment, mechanical stability and reliability, emergency detector retraction from the beam.
• Cooling and cryogenic system studies.• Bake-out tests, out-gassing and vacuum tests.• Study of radiation hardness of the critical components:
– motors, – connectors and feed-throughs, – flexible connections at cryogenic temperatures in vacuum.
• Detector integration, position encoders, rad hardness, r-o cables.
2.12R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
Validation in collaboration with the LHC machine groups(as in the case of the Velo detector/LHC-b).New collaborators from Orsay & Saclay(1st meeting 29.-30.9.-03)
simulation tube
damping arrangement
tube ends with N-connectors
reference tube
simulation tube
2.13
Microstation – impedance measurementsThe Helsinki Group
Measurements at the Pohjois-Savo Polytechnical Institute – Microelectronics Laboratory
steel springs
rf damping in the end of the tube
signal input (1.9 mm Cu-wire)
60mm
Detector
Support
PitchAdapter
APV25
Hybrid
CoolingPipe
Spacer
A Silicon Detector Module/Totem4.11
n n
p
p
Back plane extented to side using p-diffusiondepletion region up to p and no guard ring is requiredsignal picked by n-strip up to p-diffusion<10m dead space at the edge of the detector
p back plane
p diffusion
n strip
2.14
• Normal strip or pad detector (with or without gr) scribed into or near active region
gr = guard ring
Active strips
Scribe line
2.15
Edgeless Si-Detectors
S. Eränen, J. Kalliopuska & T. Schulman – test structures to be manufactured at VTT/Finland
Proton Acceptance at 215, 308 and 420 m’s
Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österberg
Acc
ep
tan
ce
MM (GeV)
0%
100%
200 400 600 800 1000
all stations together
stations at 215 and 420m
station at 215m alone
station at 420m alone
Conclusions: Acceptance from 40 GeV on, stations at 308m & 420m give 50% acceptance for 130 GeV Higgs
50%
2.17
Missing Mass Resolution at 215, 308 and 420m’s
Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österbeg
M/M
M/M
M(GeV)
100
100 300 500 700
60 140 180
Conclusions: Stations at 308-420 m alone yield 1% M/M, All stations combined give 2% M/M for mH = 120 GeV
1%
4%
1%
3%
2.18
Project Activities: Tevatron
• An initial phase at Tevatron (CDF Upgrade): • invaluable training ground for students • hands-on preparation for a contribution to LHC• learn about the challenges of forward physics by using real data • provide Ph.D. students and young post-docs opportunity to gain visibility in the high-energy physics community
3.1
CDF/Tevatron represents the only active – data producing –high energy physics experiment in Finland
• The first steps : • planned participation in design and construction of hybrids/fine pitch cabels for the readout of the silicon strip detectors (run IIb) - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic • trigger development for L2 - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic• detector performance studies (tracking and b-tagging)• physics analyses (QCD, top quark studies, …)R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
Project Activities: Tevatron
3.2
Prototype fine pitch cables of 64cm length for the innermost layer (L0) of the CDF silicon upgrade for
RunIIb• First trial : convential PCB production technology (not adequate !!) • Second&third trials : design/re-design on glass mask (Terapixel/Finland) and production of short cables using glass mask (Hpetch/Sweden)
• significant improvements (especially with design changes adapted to process)
tracks too wide/pads too wide
(12 + 2)m tracks
• Next step : Full length cable produced with glass mask. design re-iterated R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
Project Activities: LHC
• a wide range of physics and detector related aspects • intensive study on physics performance simulations continue
• define the optimal layout of the detector locations / geometry• assess physics potential (together with phenomenology groups in Durham (Khoze) & Helsinki (Chaichian & Huitu)
• R&D on the microstation concept to converge • design and construction of a fully functional prototype to validate the microstation concept (Spring 2004)
•to be carried out in collaboration with:• CMS (A. DeRoeck) on Forward Spectrometer designs• TOTEM (K. Eggert) on Roman Pots/microstations, on Cryogenic Si-detectors (V.Palmieri), on edgeless Si-detectors (S. Parker, C. DaVia, VTT, Polytechnics)3.3
LHC: gluon factory with a factor ~40 enhancement in gluon-gluon luminosity (compared to Tevatron) forward physics offers clean environment for new physics, complementary to base line program
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
The Helsinki Group - CompositionMember Position Experience Task Funding(-
03)
Avati V. PhD student Totem beam simulation HIP2
Bergholm V.1 PhD student summer student simulaton/tests grad.school2
Cwetanski P. PhD student ATLAS TRT detector tests CERN tech.student
Kalliopuska J.1 PhD student summer student Si-detector simul. HIP2
Kiiskinen A. post doc LHC R&D, Delphi simulation/tests HIP2
Kurvinen K. detector phys. LHC R&D, Delphi detector tests HIP
Lauhakangas R. DAQ eng. LHC R&D, Delphi,... DAQ HIP
Mäki T. PhD student summer student simulation/tests grad.school2
Noschis E. PhD student LHC R&D detector tests CERN tech.student
Oljemark F.1 PhD student summer student beam tests HIP2
Orava R. prof. LHC R&D, Delphi,E605 project leader HIP & UH
Palmieri V. post doc RD39, NA50... Si-detectors CERN project ass.2
Saarikko H. prof. Delphi, NA22, UA5 diffraction UH&HIP
Tapprogge S. post doc Atlas, H1, NA45 performance HIP
Österberg K. ass.prof. LHCb, Delphi detector syst UH&HIP
EU-RTN post doc CDF/SVX physics analysis EU-RTN
+ technical trainees elec., software testing Polytechnics
+ student trainees high energy phys. MoE1 Currently working on their MSc thesis 2 Foreseen source of funding
3.4
- From 1984 on, the group has been responsible for the physics driven detector contributions, detector operation, data & physics analysis in DELPHI - and produced 20 PhD’s - The fwd physics project follows this tradition
The Helsinki Group - Collaboration
Helsinki Institute of Physics Physics and detector simulation,(hip.fi) R. Orava integration&testing, project coordination
Division of High Energy Physics, Physics and detector simulation,University of Helsinki project coordination(physics.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/sefo.html)R. Orava
Durham University Phenomenology of Forward PhysicsV. Khoze
Iowa State University SimulationJ. Lamsa
Espoo-Vantaa Institute Software & firmware developmentof Technology (evitech.fi)T. Leinonen
Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic Hybrid development/RF testing/(pspt.fi) slow controls/testsA.Toppinen
Rovaniemi Polytechnic Data base/GRID(ramk.fi) J. Leino
VTT Technical Research Edgeless Si-detectors for microstationCenter of Finland (vtt.fi)S. Eränen
Institute/ Coordinator Responsibility
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
3.5
HIP Resource Needs in 2003 - 2005
Manpower (need vs. now available by UH/HIP funding): FNAL based 1 (0) post-doc (EU-RTN), 2 (0) Ph.D. students CERN based 2 (1) post-docs, 2 (0) Ph.D. students Helsinki based 1 (1) professor 50% at CERN, 1 (1) assistant professor, 1 (0) post-docs, 4 (1) PhD students, 3 (2) laboratory staff
Instrumentation (test set-ups, prototypes)
Travel funds
TOTEM collaboration fee, construction funds
3.6R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
Impact in Finland
•Forward physics project is small and compact, fully integrated to the hep resource basis at home created through participation in DELPHI
• The High Energy Physics Laboratory• Training programs• Polytechnics• VTT
• Forward physics project is well integrated to the international efforts
• ATLAS (Rijsenbeck et al.) - CMS (A. DeRoeck) - TOTEM (K.Eggert)• CERN R&D Project on radiation hard detectors• European Commission Research Training Network “Probe for New Physics” (A. Savoy-Navarro) & “Strongnet” proposal
• CDF is currently the only physics producing hep experiment in Finland
• training students and staff for the LHC• test ground for forward physics & spectrometer
4.1
Enthusiasm for the physics potential !
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
Forward Physics Project: Tevatron & LHC
Basic Research
Basic Research
Applied Research
Applied Research
Education, Training
Education, Training
HIP & University of HelsinkiHIP & University of Helsinki
Technology Transfer
Technology Transfer
PolytechnicsPolytechnics
VTT & IndustriesVTT & Industries
CERN &
International Networks
CERN &
International Networks
Summary Forward Physics project offers:
• Frontline physics contributions CDF & LHC program (QCD, Top, Higgs, supersymmetry...)• Physics Problem - Simulation - Detector Development - Detector Construction - Physics Analysis Fundamental Discoveries in Physics?• Ideal Training Ground for Students & Technical
Trainees
Forward Physics projects needs:• PostDoc & PhD Positions for young & brilliant
experimentalists; several excellent candidates available • Long term & stable funding for detector R&D (DetLab!), tests, construction & operation
5.1R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava