FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH GmbH

KMFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH GmbH

J01-2337December 1989ISSN 0366-0885

by

H. G . J . SmitW. SträterH. LoupD. Kley

Institut für Chemie 2 :Chemie der Belasteten Atmosphäre

OZONE PROFILES AT JÜLICH, FRGDURING 1988 AND 1989

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Forschungszentrum Jülich : Berichte Nr. 2337Institut für Chemie 2 : Chemie der Belasteten Atmosphäre

Jül-2337

Zu beziehen durch : ZENTRALBIBLIOTHEK Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHPostfach 1913 - D-5170 Jülich (Bundesrepublik Deutschland)

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Relius

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OZONE PROFILES AT JOLICH, FRGDURING 1988 AND 1989

by

H. G . J . SmitW. SträterH. LoupD. Kley

0 KFA-ZENTRALBIBLIOTHEK

0

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Rechteck

Table of contents

Summary

1. Introduction2. Ozone sounding system

2.1 Introduction to instrumentation2 .2 Ozonesonde (ECC-TYPE)2.3 Meteorological radiosonde RS 802.4 Interface and theory of operation2.5 Ground station2.6 Balloon and parachute

3. Flight operation3.1 Preflight preparation of ozone-, radio-sonde

and data interface board4. Data processing5. Vertical ozone profiles

LiteratureFiguresIndividual vertical profiles

Summary

Ozone soundings were performed regular at Jülich , FRG (50° 41' N, 6° 24' E) . Thisreport, the first one of an intended series, contains information on technical aspects andpresents vertical profiles obtained during 1988 and 1989 .

Introduction

Tropospheric ozone is of crucial importance as a precursor of reactive radicals. Throughabsorption of infrared radiation it contributes to the greenhouse effect . At higherconcentrations, ozone is toxic for humans, animal- and plantlife . At lowerconcentrations, it reduces the net photochemical production of plants . Ozone is alsothought to play a role in the syndrome of forest damage.Measurements of ozone made during the last thirty years and in the last century haveshown that ozone concentrations near ground and in the free troposphere are increasingat a rate of approximately 1% per year (Attmanspacher [1984], Feister [1987], Volz[1988]).The chemistry, transport and budget of tropospheric ozone and other photooxidants isinvestigated in a major component of the EUROTRAC project TOR (Troposphericozone research). Within TOR, a network of stations (figure 1) performs regular verticalsoundings of ozone and meteorological parameters, including relative humidity .The sounding program at Jillich was begun in 1988 . Regular flights, with a frequency ofcurrently one per week were started in Jul! 1989 .

In the first part of this report we present a short description of our ozone soundingsystem . The second part contains all results obtained at Jülich up to December 1989 .

2.

Ozone Sounding System

2.1

Introduction to instrumentation

The equipment described serves to measure the concentration of atmospheric ozone fromgroundlevel up to 25 km and above.The ozone/radiosonde is a balloon-borne instrument which consists of the followingcomponents, as illustrated in figure 2:

1.

Ozone sonde of ECCtype (= Electrochemical Concentration Cell).2.

Standard meteorological radio sonde for measuring pressure, temperature andrelative humidity .

3 .

Interface board which converts the analog signals measured by the sondes (Ozoneconcentration, pressure, temperature and relative humidity) into a digitallycoded data stream which is modulated into a two tone signal and telemetered tothe ground station, using the 403 MHz-FM-transmitter of the radiosonde.

4.

Ahydrogen filled weather balloon.5.

A small parachute to slow the descent rate of the package after burst of theweather balloon.

The ground station, also indicated in figure 2, consists of

1 .

Conventional FM-receiver (400-406 MHz) for the demodulation of the receivedFM-signal into a two tone signal .

2.

Modem to convert the signal into a hexadecimal coded data frame ofASCII-characters .

3.

Personal computer for further processing and reduction of the sonde data .

2.2

Ozone Sonde: ECC-Type

The ozone sonde is shown in figure 3A. It consists mainly of the following components:

An ozone sensor of EEC-type (Komhyr,1969,1971), based on an electrochemical method,generates an electrical current proportional to the flow rate of ozone through thesolution . A small electrically driven gas sampling pump forces ambient air through theozone sensor . By knowing the gas flow rate, its temperature and pressure, the measuredelectrical current can be converted to the ozone concentration.

The ECC-ozone sensor is based on the iodine/iodide redox reaction by ozone which isperformed in an electrochemical concentration cell of the type:

Pt, 12 ; I II

1-; 12) PtA cross-sectional view of the cell is shown in figure 3B. The cell consists of two halfcells, made of Teflon, which serve as the cathode and anode chamber, resp . . Bothhalf-cells contain a platinium mesh, serving as electrodes . They are immersed in aKI-solution of different concentrations . The two chambers are linked together by anionbridge in order to provide an ionpathway and to prevent mixing of the cathode-and anode electrolytes .

The ECC does not require an external electrical potential; this is in contrast to theBrewer-Mast Type. The ECC gets its driving e.m.f. from a difference in the concentra-tion of the KI-solution in the cathode- and anode-chamber, 0.1 and 8.0 mol respect-ively. The ozone in the cathode chamber reacts with the iodide in the solution accordingto the redox reaction

2KI+03+H20--+12 +2KOH+202

The electric current is direct proportional to the mass flow of ozone into the cathodechamber.For a given pumpflow the partial pressure of ozone is calculated by using the formula

P(03) = 0.407 - Tec . I, whereby0vP

=pressure in nbarI

= electrical current ozone, in micro amperes

TECC = air pump temperature of air sampling, in degrees Kelvin

= volumetric flowrate of air, in milliliters per second .

The electrical current is fed into an I/V-converter on the interface board. The tempera-ture of the air sampling pump is measured by a thermistor .

The observed cell output current, iobs , is in practice a superposition of the ozone currentI, and a background current, ia . The background-current which differs somewhat forindividual sondes is determined at ground before launching the sonde.

Typical values for the ozone sensor are:iobs : 0-ö AA (equivalent to 0 - 200 nbar ozone)is . 0.1 AA

~V : 3.5 ml/sec

The power supply for the electrical motor of the air sampling pump is a battery pack ofseven serially connected Lithium dry cells (Panasonic BR2/3A), with a +12V voltageregulator which has the advantage of having a high power (1000 m Ah) and no emissionof S02 in contrast to wetbatteries .

2.3

Meteorological radiosonde RS 80 of Vaisala

The RS 80 radiosonde has 3 sensors, one each for pressure (P), temperature (T) andrelative humidity (U). All are capacitive devices. The PTU sensors are multiplexed tofrequencies between 7 and 10 KHz and transmitted by a FM modulated quartz stabilized403 MHz transmitter.

2.4

Ozone data interface and theory of operation

The electronic interface was developed for TOR by TMAX, Boulder, Colorado (USA) .The basis of the interface is to convert all signals such as the ozone-current, the tempe-rature of the gas-sampling and six frequencies of the RS 80 radio sonde, into a digitallycoded data stream. This data stream is then modulated as a two tone signal on the 403MHz, FMtransmitter of the RS 80-sonde and telemetered to ground .As figure 4 shows the ozone current (0-10 jLA) of the ECC, Iecc, is converted to voltageby an I/V-converter and fed into the ADC of the MCU (Micro computer unit).The temperature of the ozone-sensor, Tecc, measured by a thermistor, is also fed intothe ADC of the MCU. (The ADC has still two free input-channels which could be usedin the future for other supporting measurements) . The six PTUfrequency-signals of theRS 80-sonde are fed into a programmable timer, whereby the period is measured over afixed number of N-cycles (this is equivalent to frequency counting).Next the MCU collects 4 input multiplexed ADC (Iecc, Tecc Plus the two auxiliarychannels) and the six PTUfrequencies of the RS 80, all of which are formatted into adigital ASCII, 11 bitNRZ data stream and put on the output line of the MCU.

The digital NRZ-datastream is converted into a FSKtone signal (FSK = Frequencyshifted key) of 2025 and 2225 HZ respectively which is then used to frequency modulatethe 403 MHz transmitter of the RS 80 .

The data are transmitted to the ground in hexadecimal format of ASCII--characters-The use of this interface electronics allows the simultaneous measurement of theconcentrations of ozone and water vapor, so that its relationship enables us toinvestigate the 03 variations in terms of transport of sources and sinks. In the moreconventional ozone sounding one rely on the humidity signal of the radio sonde in orderto use this channel for the transmission of the ozone signal . Additionaly, this interfacehas the advantage that the actual temperature of the air sampling is measured for amore accurate determination of the ozone concentration.

2.5

Ground station

At the ground the 403 MHz telemetry signal is received by a conventional FM-receiver(UR15, Vaisala, Finnland). The signal is demodulated back to the data stream ofFSK-tone signals and then converted to the ASCII hexadecimal data format by amodem (UTU/XT, Kantronics, USA) and fed via a RS232-serial port into a personalcomputer for further data processing.

2.6

Balloon and parachute

The used balloon is a TA600 (TotexJapan) with the following specifications :weight

600 grammpayload

1000 grammfreelift

1190 grammat launch

diameter 1.7 mvolume

2.4 m3gasfilling

H2 or He

material

latexburst altitude

z25 km

3.

Flight operation

With a payload of about 1000 gramm and a free lift of 1300 gramm an ascent rate oftypically 5 m/sec and a burst altitude of about 25-30 km is achieved .

3.1

Pre-flight preparation of ozone sonde, radiosonde and data interface board

Before each flight the sonde is carefully prepared and checked following the guidelinesafter Komhyr (1986) for the ozone sensor and of Vaisala, respectively, for radio sonde.

Ozone sonde:

Performance of the ozone sensor is checked for:-the response time of the cellthe accuracy, through comparison of the sensor output witha reference UVphotometer (Dasibi 1008 RS)

-background current of the cell and air flow through the sensor .

Radiosonde:

The performance of the radiosonde at ground is checked in the laboratory at ambientpressure, temperature and zero relative humidity .

Data interface board:

The currentvoltage converter is compared to a calibrated current source .The output of the temperature measurement of the pump (Thermistor) is also checked.These calibrations are incorporated in post flight data processing.

4.

Data processing

About every 7s a complete dataframe is received such that for an ascent rate of about5m/s the height resolution of the data transmission of a complete cycle of all parametersis equivalent to a 35 m height resolution . The response time of the ozone sensor itselfwas around 20 s at an in-flight temperature of the sensor of about 30 °C such that at anaverage ascent rate of 5m/s the effective height resolution for ozone measurement wasabout 100 m.For all ozone sensors flown the accuracy was better than t5% .

The logistics of the data processing are schematically shown in figure 5.Received data during the flights are stored online as frames of ASCII-characters (rawflight data). The raw data are decoded back to the analog signals of the different sensorsof the ECC and radiosonde respectively which are then converted to ozone concentrationand meteorological parameters .Eventual erratic data from telemetry noise are eliminated . Also, corrections resultingfrom the ground check procedure are incorporated.

5.

Vertical Ozone profiles

Prior to the start of TOR project some ozone soundings were started in June and July1988 (flight numbers 35 to 40) .In July 1989 the ozone sounding program within the TOR project was started on aregular base of one flight per week.Normally the sounding are performed every wednesday at a time of around 10-11 (UT)from the roof of our institute at an altitude of 80 m above sea level.The results of these flights are presented in the form of individual vertical profiles ofozone and meteorological parameters.Two plots are presented for every flight . The first one shows the complete profile duringascent until burst of the balloone . This plot gives a standard ozonogram with the partialpressure of ozone (mPa), temperature (degrees celsius) and relative humidity (%) on theabscissa as a function of pressure (hPa) on a logarithmic scale.The second plot presents the tropospheric part of the individual soundings in greaterdetail . Here, we use units of mixing ratio (ppbv) for ozone on the abscissa as a functionof geometric altitude (km) where the altitude was computed step by step as acumulative sum of the height difference between two successive pressure levels using thehydrostatic equation .

Aclmowledgement

This work was supported as part of the EUROTRAC subproject TOR by theBundesminister ffir Forschung und Technologie.We thank 0. Heißenbfitttel for writing the graphics program.

Literature

Attmannspacher .W., Hartmannsgruber R., Lang P.Long period tentencies of atmospheric ozone based on ozone measurements started in1967 at the Hohenpreissenberg Meteorological Observatory.Meteorol . Rdsch., 37, 193-199 (1984) .

Feister U., Warmbt W.J. atmos. Chem. 5, 1-21 (l987) .

Komhyr, W.D., Harris T.B .Development of an ECC-OzonsondeNOAA Techn. Rep . ERL 200-APCL 18, Boulder CO, USA, 1971

Komhyr, W.D .Electrochemical concentration cells for gas analysisAnn. Geophys . 25, No. 1, p. 203-210, 1969

Komhyr, W.D .Operations Handbook - Ozone measurements to 40 km altitude with model4A-ECC-ozonesondesNOAA Techn. Memorandum ERL-ARL-149, Sept . 1986

Volz A, and Kley D.Evaluation of the Montsouris series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenthcentury.Nature 332, 240-242 (1988).

10

Figures

12

Ground Station403 MHzPR-Receiver

13

Modem

Balloone

Ozonesondewith

Ozone Data Interface

PersonalComputer

Figure 2 : Ozone sounding system

Ozone-Radiosonde

Diameter

l.5 mVolume

2.5 m 3

Material LatexGesfilling HydrogenWeight

680 g

Diameter

1.5 mMaterial PVCWeight

100 g

ECC-Type (Electrochem . Concentration-CellVolume

10 dm 3

Weight

680 g

Radiosonde

Meteorological Transducer forPressure, Temperature andand Rel. Humidity,403 MHz-FM-Transmitterfor DatatransmissionVolume

0.7 dm3Weight

300 g

14

Figure 3A , B

Ozone sonde, type ECC

Cathode Chamber

Anode Chombef

Degassing Tube

Air Vent Tube

Air Exhaust Tube

Air Intake Tube

Cathode Pt . Screen

Example Dataframe

Air Inlet

Multiplexer

Analog/DigitalConverter

15

PressureSensor

ad

P

MicroprocessorDigital Coding Of Data

Into A Hexadecimal FrameOf ASCH-Characters

FSK-ModulationConversion Into

Two-Tone-Signals

FM-ModulationInto FSK-Signal

Frequency Modulation403 MHz-Transmitter

V~

Serial 300 Bit/Sec

Digital 0 = 2025 Hz1 = 2225 Hz

403 MHz-FM

DemodulationOF FSK-Signals

Modem

Data-Processing and -ReductionOf Ozonconcentration ([03])

And Meteorological Parameters

Personal Computer

TemperatureSensor

vT

M U L T I P L E X E R

FrequencyCounter

Serial RS232 (300 Bit/Sec)

PTU-Frequencies(7-10 kHz)

HumiditySensor

U

FM-Transmitter Of Radiosonde

403 MHz-FM-Receiver

Figure 4 : Data transmission of the sounding system

Datastorage

16

Figure 5 " Data processing

Measured SignalsOzone,

Pressure, Temperature, Rel. Humidity

Datareduction :- Filtering of Erratic Data- Correction for Ground Check

Flight Data Base[03 ],P,T,U

Data-Analysis

Figure 2 : Ozone sounding system

Individual vertical profiles

10

20

40 .4

60 J

r

200 J

400

600 J

800

1000-

Ozone Sounding FLH035 : Ozonagram

2.0 4.0 6.0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20

Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Temperature (Celsius)

.... . . ... . .... . ... . ....,~w

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 16 .06 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)

-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

25

L- 20

10

5

Q

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2.0

0

1 9

Ozone Sounding FLH035 : Tropospheric Part

r

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10

0


20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 16.06.1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)

----- TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . . . . I . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

l100

10

20 .

40

80

200 .J

400

800

800 .,

1000


20

2.0 4.0 8 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 23 .06 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10:10 (UT)


Juelich

. . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

25

20

10

5

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2.0

0

2 1

r


0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

160 180 200


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 23 .06.1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)Site Juelich

OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity

0.

10 .r

40 ,,

100

20

80

400

600 .

800 .

1000


2 2

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20



0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

25

20

10

5

d

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2.0

0

2 3

r

r




0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . .- . .

Relative Humidity

i..

92c,o,

10

20 .

40

60 .0

80

100

200

r

400 .


i

2 4

w..... .... . ........ .... ..

800

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8 .0 10 12Ozone Partial Pressure

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -Temperature (Celsius)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 7.07 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)


Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

L 25

- 20

v

15 a+d

d

10

. .».. ....,

5" . ... .yw

;.

14 18 18 20( mPa )

0 0 10 20 30

70 80 90 100

16

12

6.0

4.0 -

2.0

0


25

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30





Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

20 I

40

1RJ12 .. 80

100

1

200

400

600 J

800 .

1000


26



2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 14.07 .1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)Site Juelich


L 25

~- 20

10

5

d

.0

d6.0

4.0-

Z.0 -

0

FLH039 : Tropospheric Part

60

27

Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)60 100 120 140 160 180 200


-10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 14.07.1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


Ozone16

Sounding

v

v14 l

1

12

1t1,

1

10-4

1

.. ....

y

.... .... ... .. .. . ...»..».. ....» .... ........ .... . . .. . ..-.--.--.ylt . ... . ..1.

... .... ....-.-. ...

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

r0

28



10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 21 .07"19111,Time at launch 11 :50 (UT)

Site

Juelich


16

12

10

6.0

4 .0 -

2.0 -

0

29


T20


40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 21 .07 .1988Time at launch 11 :50 (UT)Site Juelich


10

200 .

400 .

Ozone Sounding FLHO91 : Ozonagram

30

600 .ww:. ..

800

»..» . .. .....»... ..... ... .......... .».» ...

1000

.

0 2.0 4 .0 6.0 8.0 10 12Ozone Partial Pressure

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10Temperature (Celsius)



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . I . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

10

5

i20 .

L 25

(40 ~

i L 201

60 I

a 80 (1

100-15 'bl r

aUW \r

i. ~1

. . .... ... . . ..», ..» .. . .». ..... .. �

14 16 18( mPa )

20

0 10 20 30

70 80 90 100

16

14

12

10

Ex8 .0

6 .0

4 .0

2.0

0

3 1


r0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200



10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100




10


32


Date 14 .07 .1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


20

ii

/ -. 25S

40 ~

80 c 20

0. 80 .rc . 14

100- Gd

vs. 15a zx c d

va 200

ti

10

400-

.... ..I .G.%- 5

600 . y

800 .'

1000

2.0 4.0 8 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )


0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100

18

10

4.0

2.0

0


3 3



0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Relative Humidity (percent)

I90

I100

Date 14.07.1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)Site Juelich


0.

10

20 ~

. ... . . ... . ...»... . . . ..1

.~ `'~...._ ...._ .._,600


r0

cr

1

r

v==-ä.

34



-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)



Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

L 25

20

10

15

5

d

18

14

12

10

4.0

2.0

0

0

3 5

r

Ozone Sounding FLHO94 : Tropospheric Part



10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100


180 180 200

Date 20 .07 .1989Time at launch 09 :20 (UT)Site Juelich


10


3 6




-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

l

I0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100

Date 27.07.1989 OzoneTime at launch 09:55 (UT)


Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

rrd

16

r

0

6.0 -J

r

4.0-

2.0 -

r


r0 10

3 7




0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

-,

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Date 27 .07 .1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


10

20


3 8


Date 3.08.1989Time at launch 09:30 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


.- 25

40

60 .

t

!

L 20i1

12 . 80 .~i!c

too- u ajb

v t 15 ta

a 200 .

_ 10

400 J yyy

y 5600

y

.....«.w.......».-_......_ .» . ...._ .MMUNUM.r... . .800 . ,;;.;: .

1000 _ ri -T2.0 4.0 . 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20


-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20130


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

16

14

12

10

a10

4.0

2.0

0

3 9


rr11



10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100




Juelich

. . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

LVas

10

20

40

80 ~,

100-

200

400 .

600 .

800-

1000

0


40






25

c1

1ti

yll 20

16

14 .J

12

10

'' 6.0d

4.0

2.0

0T0


t .20 40 60

4 1


T-80 100 120 140 160 180 200



Date 9.08.1989Time at launch 10 :30 (UT)Site Juelich


10


0

42



L 25

0 2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20

I ,

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


f

Date 24.08.1989Time at launch 10 :00 (UT)Site

Juelich


20

10

"v

5

Q

18

14

6.0

4 .0

2.0

0

0


43






duelich

.. . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

10

20

40

60

Wa 80

-- 100

200

400

600

800

1000


44

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 2o 30


0 2.0 4.0 6 .0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20


r ,20 30 40 50 60 70


Date 21 .09 .1989Time at launch 11 :17 (UT)Site

Juelich


L, 25

20

10

5

d

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2.0

0

4 5


~...wwww.wwwwww. ..~~

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

r0

V10



160 180 200

-l I20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . . . . .I

Relative Humidity

10

200


46

1100

800 - ..........,., .....,. .... . .. .... . ... .... . .... ._ . ... .._._._.._ ... . .... .... . ... ..... .... .... .... . .... ... . ..

1000

0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10 ."

12Ozone

Partial Pressure

( m



Date 27 .09.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10:45 (UT)


Juelich

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

IV

d

25

,- 20

15

10

5

wi

14 16 18 20a )

0 10 20 30

70 80 90 100

16

14

\

12 j

\,

10

0-


6.0�. .. ... .. .. . ... .... ... . ...w .

v

47


_-1 1 1 '0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


111 , 1 , 1 , 141 1 1 ,-1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -2o -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 27 .09.1989Time at launch 10:45 (UT)Site Juelich


1o

20 4

40

400

600 .

800

1000


1

80l1

12. 80

1l`r 100

1f

\

ß, 200

"'y-~

4 8

uw.uu....ou . .. .w..uw.w .w..w.w ... . ....w. .. .... . ... . .... .... . ...Kw. .. ...wo.w.... . .... ...

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0Temperature (Celsius)




Juelich

,

Relative Humidity

25

10

20

5

"O

18 18 20

10 20 30

80 90 100

d

16

12

4.0-

2.0-

f0


4 9


.... .... . ... . . .. . .


-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0




160 180 200

10 20 30

80 90 100

10

20

40


200

400 .''

600 .

800

1000

a

50

2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10Ozone Partial Pressure

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20-Temperature(Celsius)

0 10 20 30 40 50Relative Humidity (percent)

Date 10.10 .1989Time at launch 10:50 (UT)Site Juelich


25

20

d

,._ 10

5

yw

12 14 16 18 20( mPa )

10 0 10 20 30

60 70 80 90 100

"C7

d 6.0 _j

4.0

2.0

0


5 1

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 180 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)





Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

16

v1\

14- 1

t

124 1111

10

11

10

20 j

40 J

60 .

Ozone Sounding

FLH116 : Ozonagram

52


2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

l0

12

14Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70




Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

25

_ 20

.14

vb

15 Zä

10

5

yw

w

16 18 20

10 20 30

80 90 100

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2 .0

0

53



1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100




Juelich

. . .. . . . I . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

10


54

2 .0 4 .0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 to 20 30Temperature (Celsius)

111 1 1 -r-_1 1 1 1 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

. . . . . . . . . .- . . .

Relative Humidity

10

5

v20

25

.9,

40 iWV

2060 .

ä

18

14

12

10

4.0

2 .0

0

5 5


t


I

I

1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30


0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100


Date 25 .10.1989Time at launch 10:45 (UT)Site Juelich


10

100

20 .

40 J

60

80 J

200

400 �!

600 .

800 .

1000

Ozone Sounding

FLH118 : Ozonagram

56



w1r ,

0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

,I

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Date 31 .10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :32 (UT)


duelich

. ... . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

J_ 25

20

10

5

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2 .0

0

57

r


r



160 180 200

I 1 I-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 31 .10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :32 (UT)


Juelich

. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

10

20-

5 8



Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa ), '

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



-----

TemperatureSite

Juelich

Relative Humidity

~- 25

16

12

to-

6.0 -

4.0

2.0 -

0

59




I ' , '

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 8.11 .1989

OzoneTime at launch 10 :20 (UT)


Juelich

. . . . . . . . . .I .I .-

Relative Humidity

10

20

Ozone Sounding

FLH120 : Ozonagram

6 0

Ozone Partial Pressure


25

20

4.0 8 .0 8.0 10

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20-Temperature(Celsius)

0 10 20 30 40 50



Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

,.

12 14 18 18 20( mPa )

10 0 10 20 30

80 70 80 90 100

16

14

12

10

6.0

4.0

2.0

6 1

r

r

r

r





Date 15 .11 .1989Time at launch 11 :15 (UT)Site duelich


10

20 J

40 J

60 I

60

100

200

400 J

600

800

1000

Ozone Sounding

FLH121 : Ozonagram

t\

wrt::" . ... . . .... . .. . ....... .. ....

62






Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I

Relative Humidity

L 25

20

-. 10

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20

1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

5

d

14

12

10

6.0

4 .0

2 .0


63

Ozone Mixing Ratio20 40 60 80 100

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20Temperature (Celsi

0 10 20 30 40 50Relative Humidity (percent)



120 140 160 180 200(ppbv)

-10 0s)

10 20 30

60 70 80 90 100

c00.

a

0.

10

20

40

r0


2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

to

12Ozone

Partial Pressure

( m

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10

6 4


20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)



Juelich

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative Humidity

25

L 20

10

15

d

14a )

18 16 20

0 10 20 30

70 80 90 100

16

14

6.0

4.0-

2.0 .~. _

01


65

t

I 1 I20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200



0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 29 .11 .1989Time at launch 10:05 (UT)Site Juelich


or

a

0.

10

20

40 ,J

801


r

v

t .1

66


wt...;. ... . . ..` .... .... . ... . .... . ... ...�..,.. ...

10 12 14

-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0Temperature (Celsius)


Date 6.12 .1989Time at launch 10:00 (UT)Site

Juelich

-


25

20

10

15

d

5

16 18 20

10 20 30

80 90 100

d

r

6.0-

4.0-

2.0-


67

T20 40 80 80 100 120 140 180 180 200






10

20 ~

40

60 ,J

200

so t100-

400400 J

600 .

800 .

1000

Ozone Sounding

FLH124 : Ozonagram

12.0

6 8

4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20


i I 1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 12.12 .1989Time at launch 10:15 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


,_ 25

20

,- 10

5

16

14

10

,d

6.0

12

4.0 -

2.0 -


6 9

...... . .... ........ . .... ..............

~a .

.............._.........L

. .

w


S

o1

1101

-

! I

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 ,

1

111111F---

--,

. .l



-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100



0.

10

20

40 �'

60

80

100

200,;

400

000-

800 .

1000

0

Ozone Sounding

FLH125 : Ozonagram

2.0

OT AUTHOR : ICHZ03

01/10 ;90 11 :49 :1_

7o


4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )

-70 -00 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30


Date 13.12 .1989Time at launch 10 :12 (UT)Site

Juelich


,- 25

20

10

5

d

18

14

10

d

4.0

2.0 -

0


20

7 1


-1

' 1 '

40 80 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100


Date 13 .12.1989Time at launch 10 :12 (UT)

-----Site Juelich


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