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Forms of Governments. Types: Who governs and what is the citizen participation? There are four types: Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy Self-Rule Systems: How is power distributed? There are three ways governments distribute power: Unitary Confederation Federal. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FORMS OF GOVERNMENTS
TO STUDY GOVERNMENTS, WE NEED TO LOOK AT:
Types: Who governs and what is the citizen participation? There are four types:
Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy Self-Rule
Systems: How is power distributed? There are three ways governments distribute
power: Unitary Confederation Federal
TYPES
AUTOCRACY Government in which the power to govern is
held by one person.
Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force.
There are three types of Autocracy Dictatorship: leader has not been elected and
uses force to control all aspects of social and economic life.
Absolute Monarchy: power is inherited Constitutional Monarchy: power is inherited
but shared with elected legislatures.
OLIGARCHY
A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique has power.
This group gets their power from either military, wealth, or social status.
Elections may be held, but offer only one candidate.
DEMOCRACY
In a democracy, the government is “Rule by the People”
There are two forms of democracy Direct Democracy: people vote on all the
issues. Representative Democracy: people elect
representatives and give them the power to vote on issues
SYSTEMS
UNITARY
One central government controls everything
Power is not shared between states, counties or provinces
Examples: United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, and Spain.
CONFEDERATION
A voluntary association of independent states that agrees to follow a powerful central government.
Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government.
Examples: Confederate States of America (1861-1865) and Russian Federation.
FEDERAL
Power is shared by a powerful central government.
States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures.
Examples: United States and Germany
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTYp9YJZqTI&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PLAFF8CF76B7C2BEB6
QUALITY OF LIFE AND HUMAN RIGHTS:
Autocracy No freedom
in choosing leaders
Always scared
At the dictators command
No opportunity
No human rights
No self worth
• Oligarchy• Life is
measured by wealth
• Little power or wealth for average person
• Sheltered life• Favoritism• Forced beliefs• Drafted to
war• Social status
determines everything
• Democracy• Freedom to
choose leaders• Take life for
granted• Can do almost
anything• Self Rule• Right to an
opinion• Open-minded,
tolerant government
• Freedoms • Reasonable
rules
DEMOCRACY
What does living in democracy mean to you? Rule by the people
Citizens of democracy exercise power directly in choosing leaders and laws.
Provides freedom of speech, press, and religion.
Economics resources are controlled by private individuals or the government.
Two Types: Presidential Democracy: President is Head of State
and Head of Government Parliamentary Democracy: Head of State is a
President figure with no real power and Head of Government is elected by the people and runs the government.
PILLARS OF DEMOCRACY Sovereignty of the people Government is based upon consent of the
governed Majority rule, minority rights Guarantee of basic human rights Free and fair elections Equality before the law Due process of law
Free, electoral democracies Partially free, electoral democracies Partially free, not electoral democracies Not free, not electoral democracies
HUMAN RIGHTS: BASIC FREEDOMS ENTITLED TO EVERYONE
What would your human rights be under this form of government? Freedom of Speech, Press, Assembly,
Equality before the law. Right to life and liberty Right to food, work, education
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages:
Direct Democracy: Every citizen has equal power Individual Liberties are protected Broad base of support and loyalty.
Representative Democracy: Citizens are involved in decision making
(through their representatives, lobbying, and voting.)
Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Disadvantages:
Direct Democracy Ability to gather all citizens in one place is necessary. Decisions making involving all citizens is time
consuming.
Representative Democracy Desire of representative to please everyone may
cripple system. Representatives may not always agree with those
they represent. Lack of involved and educated citizens may allow
special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives.
GOVERNMENT COWSCapitalism: If you have two cows, you sell one and
buy a bull. (might even sell the bull’s services as well)
FASCISM
WHAT IS IT LIKE? Form of government headed by a dictator.
Government controls all political, economic, cultural, and social activities.
Government controls all forms of media. They allow only media to make themselves look good.
Industry is owned by individuals, but the government controls them.
WHAT IS IT LIKE? CONTINUED… People are forced to be patriotic. Military
service is required.
Minorities are persecuted. Fascist consider themselves superior to all others.
Believe in survival of the fittest and a peaceful state will not survive.
Believe individual classes are important in establishing an orderly society.
EXAMPLES: Current:
Historical
HUMAN RIGHTS What would your human rights be
under this form of government? No equality under law: sexual
orientation, minorities, gender No freedom of Religion No freedom of Assembly, press, speech,
etc… CENSORSHIP Fear of Death: Could be killed for
numerous reasons
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages:
1. Keeps Political opponents quiet = No disturbances
2. Decision making process is quick
3. Unifies the Nation – Patriotic
4. Basics are provided
5. Heavy regulation of Business = protected laborer
Disadvantages:1. No alternative
views are accepted2. Brutal violence
and repression3. No guarantee of
liberty and human rights.
4. Live in Fear5. No Government
accountability or checks
GOVERNMENT COWSIf you have two cows, you give them to the government, and the government sells you some milk.
COMMUNISM/SOCIALISM
Stopping the spread of communism was the driving force Of the US foreign policy for the last 50 years.
WHAT IS IT LIKE? More accurately called an economic and social system
rather than political systems.
Communism was supposed to be the word for ideal/utopian society.
Communism has ended up over the course of history to be applied to dictators in which the communist party has all the power to direct secret police, control economy, and make decisions for the good of the community.
Communist do not allow any public criticism of the Party.
WHAT IS IT LIKE CONTINUED… Socialism has become an ideal in which the
government has control over various enterprises, including businesses, healthcare, housing, education, and endures that ALL people are provided with these opportunities.
Some socialist governments vote for representatives just like present day democracies, they just have more involvement/control over private lives
Wealth and income are distributed evenly by the state.
FIRST COMMUNIST COUNTRY….RUSSIAVladimir Lenin was a follower of Karl
Marx. *Believed the communist
Bolshevik revolution should be quick and violent *Slogan “Peace, Land and Bread” *He is considered the Father of
Communism
KARL MARX THE FATHER OF SOCIALISM
*A German philosopher
*The Proletariat would redistribute the wealth equally
*Eventually there would be no need for the government
EXAMPLES Socialism:
Germany (1949-1990) (Democratic Socialism 1990-present)
Sweden: “The beautiful nation of Sweden has the highest standard of living in the world. Its blossoming industry ranks far higher than the USA in most measurements. Life in Socialist Sweden is free of homeless, reckless, crazy people and full of well adjusted churchgoing citizens. In spite of the 55% income tax, Sweden has a history of strong family values, the most progressive education system in the world and extremely low unemployment.”
Socialist Programs in the United States ----
True socialism as Karl Marx had intended could never happen….
EXAMPLES: Present Day Communist Countries:
China North Korea Cuba Vietnam
Former Communist Countries: USSR and the Iron Curtain *USSR (gone) *East Germany (Now one) *Poland *Czechoslovakia (gone) *Romania *Yugoslavia (gone) *Hungary
HUMAN RIGHTS What would your human rights be under this
form of government?
At the will of the government
No freedom of speech, press, assembly, etc…
No freedom of religion, persecution based on leader
Equality is questionable
Severe punishment and high capital punishment rate
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages:1. In theory, everyone is
equal.2. No worries: Money,
Food, Job, Home3. If strong, good leader
= national stability4. Historically: high
economic growth5. 0% Unemployment
rate
Disadvantages:1. Only one party2. Government owns all
land, property, production
3. Restricted freedoms4. Focus on group, not
the individual5. No place for the
over-achiever or ambitious.
GOVERNMENT COWSCommunism:
If you have two cows, you give them to the government, and the government gives you milk.
GOVERNMENT COWSSocialism:
If you have two cows, you give your neighbor one of them.
MONARCHY
WHAT IS IT LIKE? Constitutional Monarchy:
People are represented by legislature that make decisions.
People and legislature elect: Head of Government (Called Prime Minister) to run the government.
The Head of State is a King/Queen with no real power.
Absolute Monarchy: State controlled by one ruler with no limits on
his/her power. The ruler does not have to obey the laws. Monarch has total control on all government
decisions.
EXAMPLES:
HUMAN RIGHTS What would your human rights be
under this form of government?
Depends on the Monarch…
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages:1. No worry or conflict over
elections 2. Stable long line of heirs
or rulers3. Traditions of the Country
will be carried on (C.M.)4. Things get done (time
efficient) (A.M.)5. Less chance of
corruption, since they rule for a lifetime.
Disadvantages:1. No voting on leader2. Does not represent the
entire population3. Legacy of the past may
be negative and elitist4. Inherited power does
not guarantee good leadership
5. Can easily turn into a dictatorship
THEOCRACY
WHAT IS IT LIKE?
Derived from two Greek works meaning “rule
by the deity,” is the name given to political
regimes that claim to represent the Divine of
earth both directly and immediately.
EXAMPLESIsrael
Norway
Iran
Human Rights• What would your human rights be under this form of
government?
Depends on your leader…Depends on how diverse the population is…
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages1. General agreement on the operation of the country2. Helps keep religious tradition3. People usually admire and look up to their rulers
Disadvantages1. Leader could make poor decisions2. Discrimination based on religion3. Disagreement over religious interpretations.
ANARCHY
WHAT IS IT LIKE? Political theory opposed to ALL forms of
government.
Anarchy is the absence of government.
People have no rulers or governments.
Anarchists believe people are essentially good and social life is corrupted by government, national boundaries and other means of control.
WHAT IS IT LIKE? Everyone looks after themselves and there is no
government or authority.
There is no state and there is no government authority.
Individuals and Private Groups make all the decisions.
Only restriction is one against violence.
If someone breaks this restriction, it is the expectation of the group to organize against that person through voluntary cooperation.
EXAMPLES? Are there?
Why does Anarchy not exist? True Anarchy can only last for a brief time. A “strong man” gathers a group of followers and
forms a government. When does Anarchy occur?
Civil War Change in governments Iraq???
Human Rights• What would your human rights be under this form of
government?
Depends on how your neighbor feels and acts
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESAdvantages1. Complete freedom2. Individual accountability3. Voluntary Cooperation4. No taxes
Disadvantages1. Lead to Chaos2. No punishment and no enforcement3. No government services 4. No one to settle disputes5. No patriotism or unity
GOVERNMENT COWS You have two cows. Either you sell the milk
at a fair price or your neighbors try to kill you and take the cow.
