Forms of Energy

Forms of EnergyForms of Energy

Chapter F3Chapter F3

Kinetic and Potential Energy #1 (F62)


• ___________ is the ability to cause changes in matter• _________, which is a form of energy, can change solid

ice into liquid• There are two basic kind of energy-the energy of

__________ and the energy of ____________• Any matter in motion has _________ energy and the

amount of kinetic energy an object has can ___________ quickly

• _________ energy is the energy an object has because of where it is or because of its condition

• Once movement of an object happens, ___________ is often changed to ____________ energy

• ___________ is the ability to cause changes in matter• _________, which is a form of energy, can change solid

ice into liquid• There are two basic kind of energy-the energy of

__________ and the energy of ____________• Any matter in motion has _________ energy and the

amount of kinetic energy an object has can ___________ quickly

• _________ energy is the energy an object has because of where it is or because of its condition

• Once movement of an object happens, ___________ is often changed to ____________ energy



• This change if energy form between kinetic and potential is called ______________ of energy

• Although energy is often changed from one form to another, the total ___________ of energy doesn’t change

• Energy cannot be _____________ or ______________ and this is the law of the ______________ of energy

• Using the pictures of the pole vaulter on F62-63, describe three times the form of energy changes

• In the case of the tennis ball bouncing, energy is not destroyed at any point, but with each bounce some of the ball’s energy was lost as _________ and ________

• The heat caused by the _________ of the ball hitting the floor _________ the air and the floor slightly

• Eventually, the results of bouncing turned all of the ball’s energy into other ________

• This change if energy form between kinetic and potential is called ______________ of energy

• Although energy is often changed from one form to another, the total ___________ of energy doesn’t change

• Energy cannot be _____________ or ______________ and this is the law of the ______________ of energy

• Using the pictures of the pole vaulter on F62-63, describe three times the form of energy changes

• In the case of the tennis ball bouncing, energy is not destroyed at any point, but with each bounce some of the ball’s energy was lost as _________ and ________

• The heat caused by the _________ of the ball hitting the floor _________ the air and the floor slightly

• Eventually, the results of bouncing turned all of the ball’s energy into other ________

Kinetic Forms of Energy (F64)Kinetic Forms of Energy (F64)

• The kinetic energy that objects have is also called ____________ energy and is just one form of kinetic energy

• _________ energy is another form of kinetic where the movement of molecules of matter produces heat

• ___________ energy, also a form of kinetic, is caused by the movement of electrons and produces shocks as well as the picture and sound on a television

• ___________ energy from the picture moves to your eyes in waves and ____________ energy is received by your ears through vibrations produced by the television

• The kinetic energy that objects have is also called ____________ energy and is just one form of kinetic energy

• _________ energy is another form of kinetic where the movement of molecules of matter produces heat

• ___________ energy, also a form of kinetic, is caused by the movement of electrons and produces shocks as well as the picture and sound on a television

• ___________ energy from the picture moves to your eyes in waves and ____________ energy is received by your ears through vibrations produced by the television

Potential and Chemical Forms of Energy (F64)Potential and Chemical Forms of Energy (F64)

• Elastic potential energy is the energy __________ in compression springs, stretched rubber bands, and bent vaulting poles-all materials that can be forced into a shape that’s different from its natural shape

• Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has when its in an _____________ or a stored position

• Plants absorb ________ energy and store it as chemical energy in the food they make

• When a runner starts to run, chemical energy stored in his __________ is changed into _________ and ___________ energy

• Elastic potential energy is the energy __________ in compression springs, stretched rubber bands, and bent vaulting poles-all materials that can be forced into a shape that’s different from its natural shape

• Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has when its in an _____________ or a stored position

• Plants absorb ________ energy and store it as chemical energy in the food they make

• When a runner starts to run, chemical energy stored in his __________ is changed into _________ and ___________ energy

Electric Charges (F68)Electric Charges (F68)• Electric energy runs many forms of ____________ and is the

energy that produces ___________• Electric energy is produced by the movement of

___________• Within an atom, electrons have a __________ charge and

protons and a _________ charge and most objects have an ________ number of protons and electrons

• But, when an object gains or loses electrons due to an attraction to ____________ in another object, it has an __________ charge

• An object that has gained ___________ has a negative charge and an object that has lost electrons has a ____________ charge

• Losing electrons can lead to an object’s attracting of electrons to replace the lost electrons and the attraction can be felt as a ________ or even a spark

• Electric energy runs many forms of ____________ and is the energy that produces ___________

• Electric energy is produced by the movement of ___________

• Within an atom, electrons have a __________ charge and protons and a _________ charge and most objects have an ________ number of protons and electrons

• But, when an object gains or loses electrons due to an attraction to ____________ in another object, it has an __________ charge

• An object that has gained ___________ has a negative charge and an object that has lost electrons has a ____________ charge

• Losing electrons can lead to an object’s attracting of electrons to replace the lost electrons and the attraction can be felt as a ________ or even a spark

Electric Force #1 (F69)Electric Force #1 (F69)• Most objects have no _________ because they have

about the same number of protons and electrons• If an object has a charge, it attracts objects with the

____________ charge• Similar to magnetic force, ________ charges attract each

other, and _______ charges repel each other• This attraction or repulsion is called ___________

__________ and like gravitational force it depends on the ____________ of the objects

• Two charged objects produce a larger electric force when they are __________ together

• Most objects have no _________ because they have about the same number of protons and electrons

• If an object has a charge, it attracts objects with the ____________ charge

• Similar to magnetic force, ________ charges attract each other, and _______ charges repel each other

• This attraction or repulsion is called ___________ __________ and like gravitational force it depends on the ____________ of the objects

• Two charged objects produce a larger electric force when they are __________ together

Electric Force #2 (F69)Electric Force #2 (F69)• Charged objects have ___________ electric energy, and

can also be called static electricity because the electrons are not _____________

• When charged objects are close to each other, potential energy can become ___________ energy

• If the charges on the objects are the ___________, the objects repel each other and if the charges are ___________, the objects attract each other

• If the objects touch or come very close to each other, __________ may flow from one object to another

• Electrons flow from ____________ charged objects to ______________ charged objects

• The flow of electrons is called __________ ____________• Once the charge have moved and are ____________,

there is no electric force remaining

• Charged objects have ___________ electric energy, and can also be called static electricity because the electrons are not _____________

• When charged objects are close to each other, potential energy can become ___________ energy

• If the charges on the objects are the ___________, the objects repel each other and if the charges are ___________, the objects attract each other

• If the objects touch or come very close to each other, __________ may flow from one object to another

• Electrons flow from ____________ charged objects to ______________ charged objects

• The flow of electrons is called __________ ____________• Once the charge have moved and are ____________,

there is no electric force remaining

Electric Circuits #1(F70)Electric Circuits #1(F70)

• A _________ is used in the wire that makes an electric circuits

• An electric circuit is any path along which ________ can flow

• ________ and _________ are often used as conductors• Metals are good conductors of electric current because

their atoms don’t hold ________ tightly and this allows electrons to move along from one _______ to the next

• An electric current flows through good conductors with little ___________

• The conductor in a circuit is wrapped with a material called an ___________, which is a material that does not carry ___________

• A _________ is used in the wire that makes an electric circuits

• An electric circuit is any path along which ________ can flow

• ________ and _________ are often used as conductors• Metals are good conductors of electric current because

their atoms don’t hold ________ tightly and this allows electrons to move along from one _______ to the next

• An electric current flows through good conductors with little ___________

• The conductor in a circuit is wrapped with a material called an ___________, which is a material that does not carry ___________

Electric Circuits #2 (F70)Electric Circuits #2 (F70)• Rubber, _________, glass and ______ are good insulators because

they _______ the flow of electrons through them• Insulation keeps wires from toughing each other and completing

an _______ ________ before the electrons can reach a device; if this does happen it is called a _________ circuit

• Some materials do not completely stop the flow of electrons, but may _________ the flow of electrons in some way and are called resistors

• Materials that resist electric current are important because they allow electric energy to be __________ into other forms

• The filament in a light bulb resists the flow of electrons and produces ________. When it gets hot enough it ________

• Electrons flowing in an electric circuit can produce heat, ________, sound, or __________ and these are all needed to electric devices

• Rubber, _________, glass and ______ are good insulators because they _______ the flow of electrons through them

• Insulation keeps wires from toughing each other and completing an _______ ________ before the electrons can reach a device; if this does happen it is called a _________ circuit

• Some materials do not completely stop the flow of electrons, but may _________ the flow of electrons in some way and are called resistors

• Materials that resist electric current are important because they allow electric energy to be __________ into other forms

• The filament in a light bulb resists the flow of electrons and produces ________. When it gets hot enough it ________

• Electrons flowing in an electric circuit can produce heat, ________, sound, or __________ and these are all needed to electric devices

Magnets & Electricity (F72)

Magnets & Electricity (F72)• ________ are used to generate, or produce, electricity

• Electric currents produce a ___________ field around them• Why will a compass placed next to a wire carrying an electric current

point to the wire?• A current-carrying wire wrapped in a coil of more _______

makes a strong magnet• A coil of current-conducting wire wrapped around an _______

bar makes an even stronger magnet• Around the coil is a magnetic field but it is only __________

when electric current flows through the coil and is called an _____________

• The link between electricity and magnetism allows ______ to be produced from electric energy

• An electric motor uses electromagnets and by changing the _________ of the electric current back and forth, these electromagnets alternately _______ and ________each other. This causes the motor to turn

• ________ are used to generate, or produce, electricity• Electric currents produce a ___________ field around them• Why will a compass placed next to a wire carrying an electric current

point to the wire?• A current-carrying wire wrapped in a coil of more _______

makes a strong magnet• A coil of current-conducting wire wrapped around an _______

bar makes an even stronger magnet• Around the coil is a magnetic field but it is only __________

when electric current flows through the coil and is called an _____________

• The link between electricity and magnetism allows ______ to be produced from electric energy

• An electric motor uses electromagnets and by changing the _________ of the electric current back and forth, these electromagnets alternately _______ and ________each other. This causes the motor to turn

Light Energy (F76)Light Energy (F76)

• Light rays are a form of ________ that can travel through empty space or through some kinds of ________

• Sometimes light energy is ________ when it strikes matter and colors that bounce off objects as a _________ are the colors we see

• Objects of a single color absorb all of the colors and _________ only the color of the object

• When light passes through a glass window the speed it travels _________ down and this change in speed of traveling light causes light rays to ________

• The bending of light rays is called __________

• Light rays are a form of ________ that can travel through empty space or through some kinds of ________

• Sometimes light energy is ________ when it strikes matter and colors that bounce off objects as a _________ are the colors we see

• Objects of a single color absorb all of the colors and _________ only the color of the object

• When light passes through a glass window the speed it travels _________ down and this change in speed of traveling light causes light rays to ________

• The bending of light rays is called __________

Lenses (F77)Lenses (F77)

• A lens is a piece of clear material that _________ or refracts, light rays passing through it

• A _________ lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges and the rays bend toward each other thus making nearby objects appear __________

• A __________ lens is thicker around the edges than in the middle and the rays bend away from each other thus making nearby objects appear ____________

• A lens is a piece of clear material that _________ or refracts, light rays passing through it

• A _________ lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges and the rays bend toward each other thus making nearby objects appear __________

• A __________ lens is thicker around the edges than in the middle and the rays bend away from each other thus making nearby objects appear ____________

Light Waves (F78)Light Waves (F78)

• Light energy moves as waves called ____________ waves

• Electromagnetic waves are produced when vibrating _________ inside atoms give off __________

• Other types of electromagnetic waves are ________ waves, ___________, ____________ rays, and ____ rays

• Electromagnetic waves move fastest when there is no _________ to slow them down, such as in space

• Within the range of visible light waves are different wave patterns that humans sense as different __________ of light

• We sense long wave patterns as __________, and short wave patterns as _________

• Light energy moves as waves called ____________ waves

• Electromagnetic waves are produced when vibrating _________ inside atoms give off __________

• Other types of electromagnetic waves are ________ waves, ___________, ____________ rays, and ____ rays

• Electromagnetic waves move fastest when there is no _________ to slow them down, such as in space

• Within the range of visible light waves are different wave patterns that humans sense as different __________ of light

• We sense long wave patterns as __________, and short wave patterns as _________

Sound Waves (F79)Sound Waves (F79)• Sound also moves as ________ and are carried by ___________

matter• Sound waves can travel through _______, ___________ and

_________• As sound waves travel through matter, ___________ in the matter

move back and forth in the direction the sound wave is moving• As the sound moves forward, the molecules are squeezed

together and this is called a ____________• After the compression passes, pressure on the molecules

____________ and this is called rarefaction• If a sound is continuous, both ____________ and _____________ are

repeated over and over• The ___________ with which sound waves move determines the

pitch of the sound; the faster the waves, the _________ the pitch• The more the molecules are squeezed during compression, the

__________ the sound, or volume is

• Sound also moves as ________ and are carried by ___________ matter

• Sound waves can travel through _______, ___________ and _________

• As sound waves travel through matter, ___________ in the matter move back and forth in the direction the sound wave is moving

• As the sound moves forward, the molecules are squeezed together and this is called a ____________

• After the compression passes, pressure on the molecules ____________ and this is called rarefaction

• If a sound is continuous, both ____________ and _____________ are repeated over and over

• The ___________ with which sound waves move determines the pitch of the sound; the faster the waves, the _________ the pitch

• The more the molecules are squeezed during compression, the __________ the sound, or volume is

Sound Energy #1 (F80)Sound Energy #1 (F80)

• Like ________ waves, sound waves are waves of energy moving through ________, and like water waves, sound waves move molecules _______ and ________ without carrying them along with the wave

• Because sound waves are ___________ of molecules, molecules must be present for sound to ________

• Where there is no ________, such as in outer space, sound cannot travel

• The sounds we hear travel mostly as vibrations of _______ molecules in the air around us

• Like ________ waves, sound waves are waves of energy moving through ________, and like water waves, sound waves move molecules _______ and ________ without carrying them along with the wave

• Because sound waves are ___________ of molecules, molecules must be present for sound to ________

• Where there is no ________, such as in outer space, sound cannot travel

• The sounds we hear travel mostly as vibrations of _______ molecules in the air around us

Sound Energy #2 (F80)Sound Energy #2 (F80)

• When sound waves move through ________ materials, such as liquids and solids, they move faster than they do through air

• Denser objects also carry sound energy __________ than less dense objects do

• Not all solids carry sound vibrations, and those that do are called sound __________

• Materials that do not carry sound vibrations are called sound ____________

• Materials with a lot of air spaces in them, such as fabrics and plastic foam, are good sound ____________

• When sound waves move through ________ materials, such as liquids and solids, they move faster than they do through air

• Denser objects also carry sound energy __________ than less dense objects do

• Not all solids carry sound vibrations, and those that do are called sound __________

• Materials that do not carry sound vibrations are called sound ____________

• Materials with a lot of air spaces in them, such as fabrics and plastic foam, are good sound ____________

Thermal Energy #1 (F84)Thermal Energy #1 (F84)

• Kinetic energy is present in the movement of __________

• In most types of matter, molecules _________ constantly and this kinetic energy of molecules is _________ energy

• The average kinetic energy of all the molecules of an object is the object’s _____________

• The ____________ the molecules move, the higher the temperature

• The amount of thermal energy depends upon the number of ____________ present (think of a pot and a cup of boiling water)

• Kinetic energy is present in the movement of __________

• In most types of matter, molecules _________ constantly and this kinetic energy of molecules is _________ energy

• The average kinetic energy of all the molecules of an object is the object’s _____________

• The ____________ the molecules move, the higher the temperature

• The amount of thermal energy depends upon the number of ____________ present (think of a pot and a cup of boiling water)

Thermal Energy #2 (F84)Thermal Energy #2 (F84)

• When rapidly moving molecules bump into slowly moving molecules, they ____________ some of their thermal energy to the slower molecules

• The transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another is called __________

• Heat always flows from the __________ substance to the __________ substance

• Heat can also change the __________ of a substance, making a solid _________ or a liquid ____________

• When rapidly moving molecules bump into slowly moving molecules, they ____________ some of their thermal energy to the slower molecules

• The transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another is called __________

• Heat always flows from the __________ substance to the __________ substance

• Heat can also change the __________ of a substance, making a solid _________ or a liquid ____________

Transferring Thermal Energy #1 (F85)


• Thermal energy can be transferred, or _________, between objects in three ways: __________, ___________, and ___________

• Conduction is the __________ transfer of heat between objects that _______ (think of a pot on a stove/burner)

• Materials that conduct heat easily are called ___________ (such as metals) and materials that do not conduct heat well are called ___________ (such as air)

• Thermal energy can be transferred, or _________, between objects in three ways: __________, ___________, and ___________

• Conduction is the __________ transfer of heat between objects that _______ (think of a pot on a stove/burner)

• Materials that conduct heat easily are called ___________ (such as metals) and materials that do not conduct heat well are called ___________ (such as air)



• Convection is heat transfer as a result of the mixing of a __________ or a ________ and often involves the rising of hot water, then cooling and ________ then reheating and rising again

• Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by ____________ waves

• Energy from the _______ is transferred to Earth by these waves

• Conduction and convection can transfer heat through ________, but only _________ can transfer heat through ___________

• Convection is heat transfer as a result of the mixing of a __________ or a ________ and often involves the rising of hot water, then cooling and ________ then reheating and rising again

• Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by ____________ waves

• Energy from the _______ is transferred to Earth by these waves

• Conduction and convection can transfer heat through ________, but only _________ can transfer heat through ___________

Chemical Energy #1 (F86)Chemical Energy #1 (F86)

• Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between _______ when they join together to form _________

• Some chemical reactions give off or take in __________ energy

• This thermal energy is stored as a form of __________ energy called chemical energy

• Chemical energy can be released as ________ energy when molecules break apart

• Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between _______ when they join together to form _________

• Some chemical reactions give off or take in __________ energy

• This thermal energy is stored as a form of __________ energy called chemical energy

• Chemical energy can be released as ________ energy when molecules break apart

Chemical Energy #2 (F86)Chemical Energy #2 (F86)

• Chemical energy can be released as several form of kinetic energy, such as _________ energy or __________ energy

• The potential energy of foods is measured in units called _________

• Chemical energy can also be released as ________ and ________ when wood and other fuels are burned

• Chemical energy can be released as several form of kinetic energy, such as _________ energy or __________ energy

• The potential energy of foods is measured in units called _________

• Chemical energy can also be released as ________ and ________ when wood and other fuels are burned

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