Formative and Summative Evaluation

Formative Evaluation

The goal of formative assessment is to• Monitor student learning • Provide ongoing feedback • Improve teaching • Improve learning. • to identify and remediate group or individual deficiencies• to move focus away from achieving grades and onto learning

processes, in order to increase self efficacy and reduce the negative impact of extrinsic motivation

• to improve students' metacognitive awareness of how they learn.• "frequent, ongoing assessment allows both for fine-tuning of

instruction and student focus on progress.

Formative Evaluation Tools

• draw a concept map in class to represent their understanding of a topic

• submit one or two sentences identifying the main point of a lecture

• turn in a research proposal for early feedback

• Low stake- point value

Principles of Feedback practice in Formative Evaluation

• It clarifies what good performance is (goals, criteria, expected standards);

• It facilitates the development of self-assessment in learning; • It provides high quality information to students about their

learning; • It encourages teacher and peer dialogue around learning; • It encourages positive motivational beliefs and self-esteem; • It provides opportunities to close the gap between current

and desired performance; • It provides information to teachers that can be used to help

shape teaching.

Formative Evaluation: Benefits to teacher

• Teachers are able to determine what standards students already know and to what degree.

• Teachers can decide what minor modifications or major changes in instruction they need to make so that all students can succeed in upcoming instruction and on subsequent assessments.

• Teachers can create appropriate lessons and activities for groups of learners or individual students.

• Teachers can inform students about their current progress in order to help them set goals for improvement.

Formative Evaluation: Benefits to student

• Students are more motivated to learn. • Students take responsibility for their own

learning. • Students can become users of assessment

alongside the teacher. • Students learn valuable lifelong skills such

as self-evaluation, self-assessment, and goal setting.

Web Tools for Formative Evaluation

• Google Forms

• Socrative

• Testmoz

• https://docs.google.com/forms

Summative Evaluation

• Evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit

• By comparing it against some standard or benchmark.

• High stake

Summative Evaluation Tools

• a midterm exam

• a final project

• a paper

Principles of Summative Evaluation

• The purpose of the assessment

• The validity – relevant skill is measured

• Reliability – same result id test is repeated

• Referencing : Criterion or Norm

• Construction quality of items

• Grading

Rubrics

• A rubric is a scoring tool that lists the criteria for a piece of work, or “what counts” (for example, purpose, organization, details, voice, and mechanics are often what count in a piece of writing); it also articulates gradations of quality for each criterion, from excellent to poor. The term defies a dictionary definition, but it seems to have established itself, so I continue to use it.

Rubrics: Example

Rubrics: Advantages

• Powerful tools for both teaching and assessment • Improve student performance, as well as monitor it, by

making teachers’ expectations clear and by showing students how to meet these expectations

• Help students become more thoughtful judges of the quality of their own and others’ work.

• Reduce the amount of time teachers spend evaluating student work

• Allows them to accommodate heterogeneous classes • Easy to use and to explain.