Forestry VietNam 2011 en Version15

8/2/2019 Forestry VietNam 2011 en Version15

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Viet Nam Forestry | 1

VI ET NAM

ADMI NI STRATI ON OF FORESTRY(VNFOREST)

Contents

About Viet Nam The roles of forests Forest resources Forest ecosystems Classification of forests by

functions

Achievements in 2006-2010 Development orientation Organization and institution Challenges and solutions International cooperation

March, 2011

VIET NAM FORESTRYIntroduction of forests and forest sector of Viet Nam


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FOREWORD

Forests play a vital role in the socio-economic development and in ensuring environmental sustainability of the nation.

Besides supplying forest products for economic development, forests also contribute significantly to reducing flood

and storm damages by maintaining and moderating water flows, supplying water for production and livelihood

activities, mitigating erosions, landslides, and siltation of reservoirs, and producing hydroelectricity. Forests also

enhance climate control, conserve biodiversity and genetic resources, and provide opportunities for eco-tourism and

outdoor recreation. Forests play an specially vital role in the earths climate by absorbing and storing carbon thus

reducing global warming. In Viet Nam, as a specific economic technical sector, forestry significantly contributes to

sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas, economic growth, stabilization of society, national securityand defense.

The Booklet on Forestry in Viet Namis developed with the aim of introducing Vietnamese forests and forestry sector

to a wider range of audiences. It is composed jointly by Viet Nam Administration of Forestry (VNFOREST) of the

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the Forest Sector Support Partnership (FSSP) Coordination

Office, with the financial support from JICA.

We would like to express our gratitude for the kind support from various colleagues within the Viet NamAdministration of Forestry, international and national partners to develop and publish this Booklet. Special thankswould be given to Mr. Noriyoshi Kitamura JICA Forestry Programme Advisor for his effective support during the

process of preparing and editing this Booklet.

We have tried our best to collect and synthesize information as well as provide interesting insights to our readers and

colleagues. We look forward to further receiving valuable contributions, comments on this Booklet from readers. Such

feedbacks would be appreciated with thanks to better improve the Booklet in the future.

Kind regards,

H u a D u c N h iVice Minister, MARDDirector General, Viet Nam Administration of Forestry


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Located in the Southeast of Asia, from 2324 to 835Northern latitude and 10208 to 10928 Easternlongitude.

Land area: 33,019 km2 Length: 1,652 km Width: 632 km of the widest, 42 km of the narrowest 2/3 of the mainland territorial area covered by hills

and mountains, the highest mountain Fansipan with3,143 m above sea level.

There are 2,360 rivers and streams Climate: Northern hemisphere tropical monsoon, close

to equatorial climate, impacted by the Northeast and

Southeast Asian monsoon. Population: 85.8 million (in 2009) GDP: $104.6 billion US (in 2010) and estimated $155

billion US in 2011(WB)

ABOUT VI ET NAM


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Forests are a source of food and foodstuff: many of current food and food products originated from

natural forests, such as potato, rice, fruits, coffee,

chocolate, spices and so on. Many foods are still beingharvested from forests such as bamboo shoots,

mushrooms, ground cloves, forest animals, etc.

Forests are the main material sources forbuilding houses, housing equipment and fuels for rural and

mountainous areas and are the major livelihoods of the

forest dependent ethnic minority people.

Forests are a source of medicine for peopleof ethnic minorities and for the pharmaceutical

industry. Currently we only know about 1% of flora

species in tropical forests but 25% of drugs producedoriginating from these plants, including many species

with cancer treatment possibilities.

Harvested from Plantations A nest of honey bees in Song Trem, Ca Mau

Forests protect habitats of human life, wildlifes,agricultural production and mitigate damages caused by

natural disasters such as mitigating negative effects of

floods, watershed protection like reducing water flow

speed during floods, combating soil erosion, landslides

(where close forests are available, the amount of soil

erosion can be reduced 80-90%).

Forests provide raw materials for forestproduct processing industry, such as production of

paper, fiberboard, sawn-timber, pit-props, and NTFPs

like bamboo, rattan, raisin, oils, etc.

Forests provide relaxation andentertainment areas for humans due to the

pollutions of urban and industrial zones cause negative

impacts to their health.

Bird sanctuary in Bac Lieu Bamboo material for processing

ROLES OF FORESTS


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Forests function water regeneration,maintaining water under the vegetation and groundwater

and bringing water back to streams, rivers to supply for

hydropower plants, agricultural production and human lifein dry season. Overseas research showed that the amount

of water kept and regulated by 3,000 ha of primary forests

is equivalent to a reservoir of 1 mil. m3 of water. Thus,

investments in forest protection and planting of watershed

protection forests are considered similar to civil work

investments which bring synthetic effects to the

environment.

Coastal protection forests and mangroveforests are very useful for shielding waves, wind,

storm, sea encroachment, sand-dune and sand

moves According to an IUCN survey, the horribletsunami in December 26th , 2004 caused the death of

hundreds of thousands people in various countries in

Asia and Africa. However, in areas with wide mangrove

line such as in India or in Phukhet Island of Thailand,

villages behind such green walls are nearly untought,

because the tsurinami energy had reduced from 50 to

90%.

Forest in Phong Nha Quang Binh Mangrove forest in Can Gio Ho Chi Minh City Forests play an important role in carbonsequestration and storage, contributing remarkable to

reduce the warming of the earth and living environment.

Worldwide countries and international organizations

assume that forest protection is the most effective solution

for global warming reduction. Attention should be paid on

the fact that carbon volume in natural forests is 5-10 times

higher than that in plantations and agricultural trees.

Forests, especially natural forests, are the lungs of the

planet, also contribute to climate regulation and air

quality improvement (CO2 sequestration, oxygen

release and air filtering), particularly in industrial zones

and urban areas with high pollutions. Each person

needs around 4 tons of oxygen for breathing each

year, equivalent to the oxygen release level of 1,000-

3,000m2 of trees or 0.1 ha of forest. Forest loss could

cause unexpected changes in the atmosphere and

natural disasters at global scale.

Can Gio National Park Ba Vi National Park

ROLES OF FORESTS


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Area of forest and forestry land (to 31/ 12/ 2009)

Type of forest/ forestr y land Area (ha)

Forested area 13,258,843

A. Na tu ra l f o res t 10 ,339 ,3051. Wood forest 8,235,838

2. Bamboo forest 621,454

3. Mix forest 685,631

4. Mangrove forest 60,603

5. Rocky mountain forest 735,779

B. P l an ta t i on 2 ,919 ,5381. With standing volume (> 3 years) 1,464,330

2. Without standing volume (


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1. Tropical closed evergreen moist broadleaf

rainforest ecosystem: Ecosystems belonging to such

vegetation are very rich and diverse, distributed at

height below 700m above the sea level in variousnorthern provinces and below 1000m above the sea

level in some southern provinces. Average annual

temperature is about 20 - 250C while average annual

rainfall is between 2,000 - 2,500mm. Annually, there is

no drought month but a 3-month dry season. This

ecosystem is densed with many closed layers of canopy

together with evergreen broad - leaved large timber

trees species.

2. Evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem on

limestone mountains: Rocky forest area (mainly

limestone) is over 1.1 mil. ha, of which forested area was

approximately 0.4 mil. ha (1999) distributed in 24 provincesand cities, such as Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Tuyn Quang, HGiang, Ho Bnh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ho in northern Truong

Son mountain ranges and some islands. The vegetation on

limestone mountains basically are indigenous flora of the

North of Viet Nam and the South of China, which distributed

scatteredly at the height belt of 300-1200m above the sea

level, resulting in microclimate areas. The average

temperature is 200C annually.

Closed evergreen forest Evergreen broad leaved forest on limestone mountains

3. Deciduous broadleaf forest ecosystem (open

forest of Dipterocaps): Deciduous broadleaf forests

distribute in provinces of Dac Lac, Dac Nong, Gia Lai,

and some smaller ones as of Lam Dong, Ninh Thuan,

Binh Thuan, Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh and mainly locating

at the height of 400 - 800m. Deciduous broadleaf forest

ecosystem suffers an extremely tough dry season lasting

from November to April. Dipterocaps trees species are

dominant in this ecosystem.

4. Mangrove forest ecosystem: Mangrove ecosystem

distributes along with the coastline of Viet Nam with 28

provinces and cities. The composition of mangrove trees

species varies on the basis of ecological environment.

There are 47 flora families and plenty of fauna species

together with famous bird sancturaries. Coastal area of C

Mau province owns an ecosystem of the most diverse trees

species composition with the best growth.

Deciduous broadleaf forest Mangrove forest

FOREST ECOSYSTEMS


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5. Tropical closed semi-deciduous broadleaf

moist forest ecosystem: Such forest ecosystem

locates in some mountainous provinces of the North,

North Central, Central Highlands, Southeastern regionsetc., and distributes in the North at the height of below

700m above the sea level and in the South below

1000m. The average air temperature is about 20 250C

annually, while average annual rainfall is between 1,200-

2,500 mm. Dry season occurs 1 3 months with the

rainfall less than 50mm, particularly under 25mm in

some months. Tree layer structure consists of 3 layers of

typical timber trees species, such as Liquidambar

formosana, Lagerstroemia tomentosa etc. Average tree

height reaches 40m while some trees species have

buttress. Lower layers and shrubs are scattered andopen.

6. Natural coniferous forest ecosystem includes low

mountain subtropical coniferous ecosystem distributed in

some provinces, such as Son La, Nghe An, Ha Giang, Lam

Dong, etc. In the south, Pinus merkusii distributed at 600-1000m while in the north the distribution is probably at

lower level. Pinus kesiya distributes at the height of over

1000m. Temperate coniferous forest ecosystem at medium

high mountains distributes mainly at Sa Pa, Tuan Giao,

Ha Giang, Tay Con Linh, Chu Giang Sinh, Lam Dong, etc

with the height of over 1600m in the North and over

1800m in the South. In subtropical coniferous forests main

species are Pinus merkusii and Pinus kesiya etc., and in

highly mountainous temperate coniferous forests there

are Fokienia Hodginsii, Cunninghamia Lanceolata,

Dacrycarpus imbricatus etc.

Tropical closed semi-deciduous broadleaf moist forest Coniferous forest

7. Melaleuca forest ecosystem: Locates mainly in 7

provinces of the Mekong river delta, distributes at the

height under 2m above the sea level , which is different

from region to region in terms of inundated regime and

duration (3 to 9 months each year). This ecosystem is

formed at waterlogged conditions, thus only some high

adaptation species can survive, resulting in simple

structure of species composition and layering.

8. Bamboo forest ecosystems: Bamboo ecosystems in

Viet Nam are diverse with more than 133 species. Main

ecosystems are Bambusa procera, Dendrocalamus barbatus,

Indosasa/Acidosasa, Schizostachyum, Bambusa balcoa.

Bamboo distributes thoughout the country, of which the

largest area are Central Highlands, North Central, Northeast,

Southeast and Northwest regions. Bamboo forests are

formed within the secondary succession.

Melaleuca forest Bamboo forest

FOREST ECOSYSTEMS


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Total land area planned for forestry is 16.24 mil ha, divided

into 3 forest categories as following: land planned for

development of special-use forests: 2,199,342 ha,

accounting for 13.5%; for development of protectionforests: 5,552,328 ha, making up 34.2%; and for

development of production forests: 8,495,823 ha,

equivalent to 52.3%.

Forest land distributes mainly in hilly and mountainous

areas of the country, where 25 mil. people, including 12

mil. ethnic minority people, are living together with low

educational level, back-warded farming practices, slow

economic development, and difficult living conditions.

Special-use forest is the forest type established

with the aims at preserving natural resources, forest

ecosystem standards of the country, genetic sources

of forest fauna species, scientific research, protectinghistorical sites, beauty spots served as tourisms in

combination with ecological environment protection.

Special-use forest includes: National Parks; Nature

conservation areas (including Nature Reserves, Species

and Landscape conservation areas); Landscape

protection areas (including historical, cultural sites and

beauty spots) and scientific experimental and research

areas.

Special-use forest in Dau Doi U Minh Ha Ca MauProtection forest is determined primarily to serve the

purpose of protecting and enhancing the capabilities on

regulation of water sources, soil conservation, erosion control

and desertification prevention, contributing to mitigate

natural disasters, climate control, ensuring ecological balance

and environmental security.

Protection forests include: 1) watershed protection forests, 2)

wind- and sand-shielding protection forest; 3) Wave-breaking

protection forest; 4) Environment protection forests. Some

provinces also have boundary protection forests.

Production forests are mainly used for

manufacturing and trading of timber, NTFPs in

combination with some protection and conservation

functions. Production forests include natural production

ones restored by zoning for natural regeneration and

planted forests. Besides, basing on average standing

volume in each hectare of natural forests, they are also

classified as rich, medium, and poor forests; plantation

production forests include plantations (post-harvestingafforestation and reforestation forests) and seed

forests including natural and plantation forests which

are selected, transformed and certified.

Protection forest on Thac Ba Hydro-Power Plant

Forests, especially natural forests, have many functions

such as production, protection, conservation of

biodiversity, gene resources conservation, recreation,

relaxation and creating a better living environment for

humans and wildlife animals. Therefore, forests must

be managed on multi-purpose and multi-function basis

to maximize the utilization of forest benefits.

CLASSI FI CATI ON OF FORESTS BY FUNCTI ONS


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Viet Nam Forestr y | 10

Total forest area increased from 12.87 mil. ha in2006 to 13.26 mil. ha in 2009 and is expected to increase

up to 13.45 mil. ha in 2010;

Harvesting volume increased from 3.2 mil. m3 oftimber in 2006 to 3.8 mil. m3 in 2009 and expected to

increase up to 4.95 mil. m3 in 2010, of which plantation

production occupied 90%.

Annual newly planted forest area increasedfrom 157,080 ha in 2006 to 236,780 ha in 2009 and

replanted and newly planted forest areas of 300.000

ha each year is definitely feasible.

Contract-based allocation of forest forprotection following 661 Project achieved average of

2.6 mil. ha out of nearly 8 mil. ha of protection and

special-use forests in the period of 2006 - 2010,

accounting for 172% as planned.

Zoning for regeneration in Ca Mau National Park

The number of planted scattered trees achievedmore than 200 mil. trees per year, contributing to create

remarkable timber materials and firewood sources for rural

areas (equivalent to 100,000 ha of plantations).

Industrial gross output of timber and NTFPprocessing industry increased from 60,059 bil. VND in 2005

to 116,685 bil. VND in 2009 at current price, accounting for

194% of the output in 2005.

Export value of sectoral products increasedfrom $1.56 mil. US in 2005 to $2.8 bil. US in 2008 and

expected to increase up to $3.4 bil. US in 2010

(average increase of 20% each year) and be

considered as one of top five products with the

highest export value in Viet Nam. The furniture of VietNam has been exported to nearly 100 countries and

regions worldwide, particularly to the markets of

United States, European Union, and Japan.

MAI N ACHI EVEMENTS OF 2006-2010 FI VE-YEAR PLAN


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The sector has developed manybreakthrough policies such as the policy on

payment for forest environmental services (Degree

No.99/2010/ND-CP); policy on supporting plantedproduction forest development (Decision

No.147/2007/QD-TTg); Degree on organization and

management of special-use forest system (Degree No.

117/2010/ND-CP) etc.

The quality of plantation has been improvedgradually, of which many scientific progress and

achievement have been applied, especially in seed

selection, breeding, multiplication on tissue culture basis,contributing to improve the quality of forest plantation, i.e.

some provinces achieved the productivity of 15 20 m3

per ha each year. Disadvantages showed in the limitations

on number of planted tree species, which are mainly Acacia

mangium, Hybrid Acacia, Acacia auriculiformis, Eurcaliptus,

Pine.

Acacia Plantation forest in Thac Ba Lake (Yen Bai Province) Viet Nam has a quite complete system of164 special-use forests with 2 mil. ha, including 30National parks, 58 Nature Reserves, 11 species

conservation areas, 45 historical, cultural and

environmental forests and 20 scientific research and

pilot sites, in which 4 National Parks were recognized

as ASEAN heritages (Hoang Lin, Ba Be, Chu Mom Ray

and Kon Ka Kinh). Some National Parks were

recognized as World Heritage, such as Phong Nha

Ke Bang and Bai Tu Long under the Ha Long Bay

Heritage. Many National Parks are core zones of 7

UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Viet Nam also has 2

RAMSAR areas, including respectively Xun Thu ofXuan Thuy National Park and Bau Sau of Cat Tien

National Park.

Policy on payment for forest environmentalservices (Degree No. 99/2010/ND-CP) and Decision380/2008/Q-TTg on piloting payment for forestenvironmental services (PFES) have carried out PFES

payments for local communities and households involving in

forest protection. PFES will be implemented in the whole

country from 2011 and to be important revenues for forest

management and protection, increasing sectoral gross output

of environmental services. As of February 2010, after 2 years

of FPES implementation, 7 hydropower plants and clean

water supply companies have committed to address

payments of 234.4 bil. VND in 2009, particularly 300 mil.

VND achieved from tourism companies in Lam Dong

province.

Mangrove forest in Can Gio Ho Chi Minh City

MAI N ACHI EVEMENTS OF 2006- 2010 FI VE-YEAR PLAN


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Development viewpoint s

Integrate the management,protection, and appropriateutilization of resources, starting

from afforestation and reforestation,to the harvesting, processing offorest products, environmentalservices, ecotourism, etc.

Make significant contributions toeconomic growth, poverty reduction

and environmental protection.

Sustainable management, utilizationand development of forests are the

foundation for forestry

development.

Base on speeding up and makingmore profound policies related to

socialization of forestry activities,

and attracting investment resources

for forest protection and

development.

Development orientat ion for 3 forest t ypes and forest land

Protection forest: review and rearrange national protection forestsystem with the area of approximately 5.68 million ha.

Special use forest: maintain existing special-use forest system andimprove forest quality and biodiversity values.

Production forest: focus on establishment of concentrated raw materialareas of forest for industry.

Key development orientations for management, protection,

development & uti l ization of forest

Forest management: establishment of the national permanent forestestate.

Forest protection, nature and biodiversity conservation: focus onimprove awareness on forest protection and development.

Forest development: focus on planning, classifying and havingdevelopment plans for 3 forest categories (special-use, protection andproduction forests).

Forest utilization, processing & trade: focus on products of highcompetitive advantages, environmental services and major markets,such as United States, European Union and Japan.

Viet Nam Forestry Development Strat egy 2006-2 020

This strategy was approved by the Prime Minister on 5th

February 2007. It includes 5 programs which are then

concretize in projects. The strategy is implemented in 3

five-year plans and annual work plans.

Five programs of VFDS 2006-2020

Str ategy implementation and M&E

M&E system has been developed based on the log

frame of the Strategy with 72 indicators. Up to now,

the forest sector has published the Forest Sector

Baseline Report 2005 and Forest Sector Progress

Report 2006-2010.

VFDS 2006-2020 M&E Model

DEVELOPMENT ORI ENTATI ON OF FOREST SECTOR TO 2020


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Objectives

To reforest 5 million hectares of forest (2 million haof protection and special-use forest, 3 million of

production forest); protect existing forest areas to

increase the forest coverage up to 40%, contributing

to ensure environmental security, mitigation of

natural disasters, improving water regeneration,

preservation of genetic sources and biodiversity.

To effectively use the areas of bare land anddenuded hills and create more jobs for laborers,

contributing to poverty reduction, sedentary

cultivation, income generation for rural and

mountainous people, stabilizing politics society,

defense, security, especially in border areas.

To provide material timber for production of paper,artificial board, meeting demands for timber,

firewood, and other forest products for domestic

consumption and export, together with the

development of forest product processing industry, to

make forestry become an important economic sector,

contributing to socio economic development in the

mountainous areas.

Achievements

Phase 1 (1998-2005), after 8 years ofimplementation of the 5 Million Hectares

Reforestation Project, about 1.3 million ha of forests

have been planted in the whole country, contributed

to increase the forest coverage in Viet Nam up to

37% (increased 3.8% as compared to that of 1999).

Viet Nam is recognized with great efforts in

plantation and considered as one of 10 countries in

the world with the largest plantation area. This is an

important progress because the forest area in Viet

Nam reduced continually before the project.

Phase 2 (2006-2010) following the Resolution 73 ofthe Eleventh National Assembly, the project hascarried out: contracting about 2.5 million ha for

protection, achieving 167% of the planned target;

protection and special use forest plantation

achieved 253,264 ha, reaching 101% as planned,

production plantation obtained 887,365 ha,

accounting for 115% against the plan. Zoning for

regeneration achieved 922,768 ha, making up 115%

against the plan, in which new zoning areas reached

519,768 ha while continually zoned areas were

403.000 ha.

Transport of seedlings for plantation in Ninh Thuan Mangrove forest plantation in Soc Trang

More jobs have been created, of which within the project 661, 4.657 million jobs were created with the forest-based income generated at levels of under 25%, 25-50% and over 50% of total household income, equivalent to

2.85 times increase as compared with 2005.

The amount of plantation harvesting provided sufficiently materials for artificial board industry, pit props,firewood, major part for pulp and a minor one for export-based woodchip production. But the sector has not met

demands for large timber for wood processing for export and domestic consumption (currently each yearapproximately 1 billion USD spent for wood material import).

FI VE-MI LLI ON HA REFORESTATI ON PROJECT


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Viet Nam Administration of Forestry (VNFOREST) wasestablished at the Decision 04/2010/Q-TTg, dated 25th ofJanuary 2010, by the Prime Minister. VNFOREST is anagency under the Ministry of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment, performs the function of advising andassisting the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Developmentin state management and implementing tasks of statemanagement on forestry in the country, managing andinstructing public service activities under the VNFORESTmanagement scope.

Forest Protection Department is an agency underVNFOREST, performs the function of advising and assistingVNFOREST Director General in implementing statemanagement on forest protection, ensuring legal enforcementon forest protection, development and forest product

management under the management scope of VNFOREST.

Forest I nventory and Planning In stitut e is apublic service unit under VNFOREST, performsfunctions on basic inventory of forest resources,planning, survey, design of forests and forestry landin the whole country and managing and developing

Viet Nam Forest Resource Museum. FIPI serves onstate administration demands of VNFOREST.

Provincial Sub-Department of Forestry underthe Department of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment, functions state administration taskson forestry development.

Provincial Sub-Department of Forest Protection

under the Department of Agriculture and Rural

Development, functions state administration tasks on

forest protection and biodiversity conservation.

Forest sector organizational structureMilestones in organization of f orest sector

1954 1975: General Dept. of Forestry 1976 1994: Minist ry of Forestry 1995 2009: Dept. of Forestry and Dept. of Forest Protection 2010 to present: Viet Nam Administ ration of Forestry

FOREST PROTECTI ON AND DEVELOPMENT LAW, which was passed by

the XI

National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam at its 6 th

session on December 3, 2004, takes effect on April 1st 2005, replaces the

1991 Law on Forest Protection and Development.

This Law provides for the management, protection, development and use of

forests, and forest owners rights and obligations.

This Law applies to State agencies, domestic organizations, households and

individuals, overseas Vietnamese as well as foreign organizations and

individuals involved in forest protection and development in Viet Nam.

ORGANI ZATI ON AND I NSTI TUTI ON


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LAW ON BI ODI VERSI TY was passed on November 13, 2008,

by the XII National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

at its 4th session, takes effect on July 1, 2009

This Law provides for the biodiversity conservation andsustainable development; rights and obligations of organizations,

households and individuals in the biodiversity conservation and

sustainable development.

This Law applies to organizations, households and individuals in

the country, overseas Vietnamese, foreign organizations and

individuals carrying out activities of or related to the biodiversity

conservation and sustainable development in Viet Nam.

LAND LAW was passed by Legislature XI of the National

Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at its 4th

session on26th November 2003, takes effect on the 1st of July 2004.

This Law governs the powers and responsibilities of the State as

representative of the ownership of land by the entire people for

uniform administration of land and the regime for administration

and use of land; and the rights and obligations of land users.

This Law shall apply to (1) State bodies exercising rights and

discharging responsibilities as representative of the ownership of

land by the entire people and carrying out the task of uniform

State administration of land; (2) Land users; and (3) Other

entities involved in the administration and use of land.

Among various legal documents on forestry, the DECREE ON

THE POLI CY FOR PAYMENT FOR ENVI RONMENTAL

SERVI CES is a breakthrough. It was issued by Government of

Viet Nam on September 24th, 2010 and takes effects from January

1st, 2011. This decree regulates the policy for payment for forest

environmental services in Viet Nam, including:

1) Types of environmental service that the users pay to thesuppliers subject to this Decree.

2) Suppliers and users of forest environmental services.3) Management and use of the payment from forest

environmental services.

4) Rights and obligations of suppliers and users of forestenvironmental services.

5) Responsibilities of state management agencies at variouslevels and of different sectors in implementing payment for

forest environmental services.

The provisions of this Decree shall apply to state agencies;

organizations, households, individuals, village communities in the

country; Vietnamese residing overseas, foreign organizations andindividuals with operations relating to supply, use, and payment

for forest environmental services and management of the

payment from forest environmental services.

ORGANI ZATI ON AND I NSTI TUTI ON


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Population growth, l imited cultivation land and

inefficient land uses put constant pressures on forests for

expansion of agricultural land and for industrial development

such as food crops, industrial crops, settlements,infrastructure (hydropower, mining, roads etc.);

I ncreasing deman ds for t imber an d NTFPs put

pressure on forest resources and the environment

particularly on natural forests. The current demands

for forest products exceed the sustainable supplyfrom the forests.

In 2010 total timber harvesting is 4.8 mill m3 only and most

is plantation forest timber compared to the timber demand of

14 million m3 and the timber import of 4 - 5 million m3 per

year approximately.

Limited competitiveness of forest production and wood

processing: International integration not only an opportunity,

but also a great challenge for the forest product processing

industry and trade of forest products. The competition will be

more critical in the future in both international and domestic

markets

Projection of demands of timber forViet Nam

Mill. M3

2015 2020

Domestic and export timber 18.62 22.1

Large timber for industry and civilconstruction

10.2 12.0

Small timber used for export woodbased panels and wood chips

2.9 1.7

Small timber for pulp production 5.2 8.2

Pitprops 0.16 0.2

The economic, social and environmental importance

of forests and forest sector have not been

comprehensively, objectively and fairly evaluated ,

which have affected the formulation of investment and

development policies of the sector. Lack of supporting

policies of the Government especially financial policies and

mechanism makes difficult for sector development.

Low quality plantation forests: Small scale at household

level and extensive farming system lead to their low

productivity. Most of planted forest harvests are less than 70

m3/ ha in 6-7 years rotation. Moreover, monoculture (mainlyAcacia and Eucalyptus species) and low investment are main

constraints for big timber production in particular large

timber production.

The inadequacies between the requirements

for fast comprehensive and sustainable

development and the restricted resources of

the forest sector (e.g. human resources,

infrastructure, funding for long forest tree rotation,

management capacity etc.) made slow forest sector

development.

Low quality natural forests caused by over-

harvesting, shifting cultivation and forest fire in recent

decades: Most of natural forest areas are poor and

young regenerated forests and are being targets forconversion to food, industrial crops and industrial

development as well as for illegal logging.

CHALLENGES


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Inst i tut ion

Continuing allocation of planted production forest land tothe poor and landless households;

Scaling up models for community forest managementmainly for natural forests of all three forest categories;

Development of long-term investment policies for specialuse and protection forests and supporting investment

policy for planted production forests especially for big

timber production;

Development of investment policy to support renovationof technologies and equipment for wood processing

companies including supporting industry;

Scaling up the PES mechanism based on Degree 99/ND-CP to national level and piloting REDD+ to support localpeople to protect the forests;

Government should invest to build up forest infrastructurefor the prioritized raw material supply forest areas (forest

roads and forest fire protection);

Capacity building for forestry staff and farmers especiallyat commune and village levels though forestry extension

system.

Forest m anagement

Establishing permanent national forest estate asbasis for meeting sustainable social, economic and

environmental objectives of the sector;

Carrying out a comprehensive and periodical forestinventory to compartment level as basis for

forestry planning and forest land allocation

leases;

Carrying out sustainable and multi-use forestmanagement planning & implementation for forest

management units and feasible forest protection

and development plans for administrative levels;

Establishing provincial or inter-provincial GeneralCorporations of Forestry focusing on big timber

planting, forest products processing and business.

Forest Developm ent

Focusing more on big timber species planting withleading role of state forest companies for meeting

the big timber demands for export industry in two

next decades;

Strengthening the forest production forms ofhousehold, service cooperatives, state forest

companies and joint venture for future sustainable

forest management and timber certification;

Strengthening the research in selecting high yieldspecies for big timber planting including

technology transfer from other countries.

Forest prot ecti on and conservati on

Enhancing collaborative forest management betweenforest management units, CPCs and local communities in

forest management and protection;

Allocating more responsibilities and benefits in forestmanagement & protection to CPCs and local communities;

Strengthening the cooperation of all law enforcementagencies particularly FPD for better supporting local

people and authorities in forest protection & conservation.

Forest Utilizat ion Promoting multi-use forest management and sustainable

harvesting according approved forest management plans;

Encouraging processing companies invest in big timberspecies planting in form of joint venture to reduce timber

import gradually and to enable legal timber/ timber

products for export;

Encouraging development of supporting industry anddomestic timber market;

Promoting building up and broadcasting trademarks oftimber product to international markets;

Encouraging development of NTFP conservation andproduction and processing for diversification of household

economy.

SOLUTI ONS


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I nternational commit ments, treaties, conventions and

organization s relevant t o the for est sector signed by Viet Nam:

Convention on special important wetland as the residence of thewater birds (Ramsar), 1989

Convention on International Trade of Endangered Extinction Species(CITES), 1994

United Nation Frame Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),1994

Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), 1994 United Nation Convention on Combat Desertification (UNCCD), 1998 United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) FAO Committee of Forestry (COFO) FAO Asia Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) ASEAN Senior Official of Forestry (ASOF), 1995 International Network on Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), 1999 Asia- Pacific Community Forestry Training Center (RECOFTC), 1999 Asian Forestry Partnership (AFP), 2004 Asian Social Forestry Network (ASFN), 2005 Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management and

Rehabilitation (APFNet), 2008

Multi lateral and Bilateral cooperation

For a long time, Viet Nam has maintained a close relationship and cooperation with many countries anddevelopment partners for forest conservation and sustainable forest management.

Donor community, such as WB, ADB, KfW, GIZ, JICA, Finland, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, etc., continuessupport Viet Nams forestry sector in the coming years to implement the Viet Nam Forestry Development Strategy

(2006 2020) and deal with climate change issue.

To further expand bilateral cooperation, MARD signed MoU with Korean Forest Service in 1999 and then StateForestry Administration of P.R. China in 2010.

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Fores t Sec to r Suppor t P a r tne r sh i p (FSSP)The Forest Sector Support Partnership (FSSP, or the

Forestry Partnership, previously known as the Forest

Sector Support Program and Partnership, FSSP&P) is apartnership among the Government of Viet Nam,

represented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development (MARD), and international partners, such

as donors, multilateral agencies, and international non-

governmental organizations. The FSSP is the platform

for policy dialogue, collaboration and coordination

among the forest sector stakeholders or partners.

FSSP M a i n F unc t ion s Coordination: maximize partners activities and

resources used for VFDS 2006-2020 implementation;

Policy dialogue and advisory: provide MARD,VNFOREST and Partnership Steering Committee with

ideas and recommendations on crucial issues;

Monitoring and evaluation: consolidate and M&Esystem for FSSP and the whole forest sector;

Information and communication: update andshare information on activities of partners and sector;

FSSP Institutional Structure 2011-2015

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and

Forest Degradation (REDD + ) I nitiati ve

Since the 2007 Climate Change Conference in Bali that

recognized forests contribution to climate change

mitigation the Government of Viet Nam (GoV) has been

moving rapidly to formulate and implement the REDD

Program Framework for the country.

In 2008, Viet Nam is one of nine countries identified for

country programming under UN-REDD programme, and

was also one of the first countries to receive approval for

a Readiness Project Identification Note (R-PIN) under theWorld Banks Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF).

Viet Nam REDD Network and Working Group established

in 2009. Supporting these two institutions, 5 Sub

technical Working Groups established, including:

Measuring-Reporting-Verification (MRV)/ Reference

Emission Level (REL), Benefit sharing, Governance, Local

Implementation, and Capacity Building.

National REDD strategy (under development): The UN-

REDD Viet Nam Programme is currently assisting MARD

in the drafting of the National REDD Strategy. TheStrategy will outline the policies of the Government of

Viet Nam with regards to REDD and specify how it will

be implemented by the government agencies at

national and provincial levels.

Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade

(FLEGT) I nit iati ve

The European Union FLEGT Action Plan provides a number

of measures to exclude illegal timber from markets, to

improve the supply of legal timber and to increase the

demand for responsible wood products.

Viet Nam actively participated in FLEGT Program especially

in FLEGT Asia Program. In May 2010, Viet Nam officially

announced to start formal negotiations for a FLEGT

Voluntary Partnership Agreement between Viet Nam and the

EU, with the hope of concluding the negotiations with asigned VPA by the end of 2012. The aim of these

negotiations between Viet Nam and the EU will be the

conclusion of a cooperative agreement that would create

conditions for Viet Nams timber producers to improve their

position on the EU market and increase their ability to adapt

to EU

market

requirem

ents with

respect

tolegality

of

timber.

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VIET NAM

ADMINISTRATION

OF FORESTRY

No 2, Ngoc Ha Street, Ba Dinh District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Tel: 84.4.38438792

Fax: 84.4.38438793Website:http://dof.mard.gov.vn

This booklet is funded by JICA

Pictures and figures used in this booklet are from colleagues
http://dof.mard.gov.vn/http://dof.mard.gov.vn/http://dof.mard.gov.vn/

Documents

Forestry VietNam 2011 en Version15