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Silva Balcanica, 17(2)/2016
FORESTRY AND RIPARIAN LONg-LEggED FLIES (DIPTERA:
DOLICHOPODIDAE) FROM SARNENA SREDNA gORA
MOUNTAIN WITH NEW RECORDS FOR BULgARIA
mihail Kechev University of Agribusiness and Rural
Development,
Bulgarian Scientific Selection-Technical Union - Plovdiv
Abstract
Thirty four dolichopodid flies were collected from six
localities in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain, Bulgaria. Two species
(peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg) and neurigona erichsoni
(Zetterstedt)) are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. peloropeodes
acuticornis is new to the Balkan Peninsula. Two other species
previous described from Bulgaria (teuchophorus chaetifemoratus
Pollet et Kechev and t. medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov)
are found in this survey and another localities for the country are
given. Two dolichopodids are dominant in this region – hercostomus
gracilis (Stannius) (35.2%) and poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen,
1824) (14.8%). The information over two-year survey is summarized
in the faunistic list. Dolichopodid diversity is discussed and
tabled together with previous investigation of Omurovska River.
Key words: Dolichopodidae, Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain,
Omurovska River, Bulgaria
INTRODUCTION
Family Dolichopodidae, also called long-legged flies, is one of
the most abundant families of true flies with more than 7200
described species worldwide. Most of them within the family are
predators and dwell aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. Relatively
well studied regions in Bulgaria are Northern Black Sea Coast
(Beschovski 1964, 1967, 1971, 1973), the Western Rhodopes (Kechev,
2007; 2010) and the Upper Thracian Plain (Kechev, 2012a, b; Kechev,
Ivanova, 2015).
The main purpose of this work is to investigate the dolichopodid
diversity of poorly studied area such as Sarnena Sredna Gora
Mountain and to complete the list of known species of Omurovska
River. The survey in the present article can be considered as a
continuation of three-year (2011-2013) investigation of
dolichopodid diversity along the banks of Omurovska River (Kechev
et al., 2014). Most of the records of this previous study were from
its lower and middle courses and one species from the upper course
(near Medovo village) was described as new to the science –
teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov. The current
work presents two-year investigation of Omurovska River upper
tributaries situated in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain.
Studied AreaSarnena Sredna Gora is the third part of Sredna Gora
mountain range situated
in Central Bulgaria. The mountain stretches between the valley
of Stryama River to the west and Toundzha River to the east. To the
north it reaches the southern parts of
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Karlovo, Kazanlak and Sliven hollows, Mezhdenishkiya gorge of
Toundzha River and south slopes gradually sink in the Upper
Thracian Plain and Yambol Field.
Five out of six studied localities are on Omurovska River
tributaries. The river rises in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain, 1 km
northeast of Chakalova Polyana Peak, 820 m a.s.l. The total length
is 58 km. It flows southwards in the western and southwestern
Chirpan Heights in a narrow valley, where several villages are
situated. Two main tributaries converge (Suha River is the right
tributary, and Starata River is the left one) near the villages of
Malak Dol and Golyam Dol, where the actual Omurovska River begins.
At Partizanin village, the river enters Upper Thracian Plain . In
the plain, the river becomes wider and shallower. It flows into
Maritsa River (120 m), 600 m to the south of Krushevo village,
Municipality of Parvomay.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material was collected by sweep net in the period 2015-2016
from six localities in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain (Fig.1, Table
1). After collecting, the adults were put in vials containing 95%
ethanol. The samples were sorted in laboratory by using
stereomicroscope. Literature by Negrobov, Stackelberg (1969),
Grichanov (2007) was used for the species determination, and for
distribution of species works by Negrobov (1991), Pollet (2011) and
Grichanov (2014).
The faunistic list gives the following information: place and
date of collecting, number of specimens (male and female), name of
collector and distribution. The material was stored in alcohol in
the author’s collection at University of Agribusiness and Rural
Development - Plovdiv.
RESULTSFaunistic list
DIAPHORINAE Schiner, 1864Argyra leucocephala (Meigen,
1824)Material examined: Chehlare, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂; Markovo
village, 12.VI.2016,
2♂♂, 22 ♀♀, Kavakliika hut, 28.VI.2016, 3♀; Dolno Novo Selo
village, 17.IX.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia.Chrysotus
femoratus Zetterstedt, 1843Material examined: Markovo village,
22.IX.2016, 1♂, 4♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europa;
Transpalaearctic species.DOLICHOPODINAE Latreille, 1809Dolichopus
excisus Loew, 1859Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016,
1♂; Markovo village,
22.IX.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: Europe (except
North), South Russia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Dolichopus
griseipennis Stannius, 1831
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Material examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 1♀; Dolno
Novo Selo village, 17.IX.2016, 1♂, 3♀♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria; Middle
Asia.Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart, 1827Material examined:
Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Europe, South Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. Dolichopus nubilus
Meigen, 1824
Fig.1. Map of the studied area with localities of collecting
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Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M.
Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan
and Uzbekistan.Dolichopus salictorum Loew, 1871Material examined:
Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Slovakia.Dolichopus signifer Haliday, 1838Material examined:
Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂, 1♀; 25.VII.2015,
3♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: Europe, Russia
(Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar, Rostov, Voronezh),
Ukraine (Crimea, Odessa); Asia: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan; North Africa:
Morocco.
Gymnopternus aerosus (Fallen, 1823)Material examined: Chehlare
village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria,
Romania, South Russia (Alania, Krasnodar), Ukraine;
Transpalaearctic species: Taiwan. Hercostomus gracilis
(Stannius, 1831)Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015,
2♂♂, 2♀♀; 25.VII.2015,
43♂♂, 13♀♀; Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 18♂♂, 8♀♀; Dolno
Novo Selo village, 11.IX.2015, 3♂♂, 1♀; Naydenovo village,
18.VII.2016, 25♂♂, 12♀♀; 15.VIII.2016, 22♂♂, 14♀♀; Dolno Novo Selo
village, 17.IX.2016, 2♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Table 1. Localities of collecting
N Place Altitude, mgeographical coordinates Habitat
1 Kavakliika hut 92042⁰ 28’ 59” N 25⁰ 13’ 22” E
Mixed beech forests. The driest place on all six studied
habitats. Dominant trees - Fagus sylvatica l., Acer heldreichii B.,
Acer
pseudoplantanus L. and carpinus betulus L.
2 Gorno Novo Selovillage 560
42⁰ 27’ 37” N25⁰ 13’ 59” E
On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed by deciduous trees
dominated by ulmus sp.,
Alnus sp. and Fraxinus sp.
3 Dolno Novo Selovillage 41542⁰ 25’ 19” N25⁰ 15’ 20” E
On the banks of the reservoir with deciduous forest. Dominant
tree: Quercus
frainetto Ten. and on the dam wall - Robinia pseudoacacia L.
4 Chehlare village 40542⁰ 24’ 47” N 25⁰ 10’ 24” E
On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed by deciduous trees
dominated by salix sp.
and ulmus sp.
5 Naydenovo village 32842⁰ 23’ 47” N 25⁰ 14’ 42” E
On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed by deciduous trees
dominated by populus sp.,
salix sp. and Fraxinus sp.
6 Markovo village 287 42⁰ 22’ 21” N 25⁰ 13’ 52” E
On the banks of the reservoir with deciduous trees. Dominant
species: Quercus
cerris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd.
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Distribution: Europe, Russia (Blagoveshchensk, Buryatia,
Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Samara,
Yakutia), Ukraine (Crimea, Poltava); Iran, Kazakhstan,
Mongolia.
Hercostomus parvilamellatus (Macquart, 1827)Material examined:
Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 4♂♂; 19.VI.2016, 2♂♂, leg.
M. Kechev.Distribution: Europe. Hercostomus plagiatus (Loew,
1857)Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M.
Kechev.Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria,
Tunisia.Poecilobothrus chrysozygos (Wiedemann, 1817)Material
examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe, Russia (Adygea, Karachai-Cherkessia,
Krasnodar, Lipetsk,
Mordovia, Moscow, Voronezh, Ural, Khabarovsk), Turkey, Ukraine
(Kharkiv, Kherson, Odessa); Iran, Kazakhstan.
Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824)Material examined: Markovo
village, 28.V.2015, 4♂♂, 1♀; Chehlare village,
25.VI.2015, 11♂♂, 5♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 5♂♂, 5♀♀;
25.VII.2015, 3♂♂, 2♀♀; Markovo village, 23.V.2016, 3♂♂, 1♀;
19.VI.2016, 10♂♂, 8♀♀; Kavakliika hut, 28.VI.2016, 1♂; Markovo,
12.VII.2016, 8♂♂, 3♀♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe.Sybistroma impar Rondani, 1843Material
examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 2♂♂, 8♀♀; Markovo,
19.VI.2016, 2♂♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: Bulgaria, Greece,
Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar),
Turkey.NEURIGONINAE Aldrich, 1905Neurigona erichsoni
(Zetterstedt, 1843) New to Bulgaria.Material examined: Chehlare
village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo villave,
25.VII.2015, 1♂; Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀; Gorno Novo
Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Asia: Iran.PELOROPEODINAE Robinson,
1970Chrysotimus molliculus (Fallén, 1823)Material examined:
Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂, 1♀,
Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M.
Kechev.Distribution: Europe.Peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg,
1916) New to the Balkan Peninsula and
Bulgaria. Material examined: Naydenovo villave, 18.VII.2015,
3♂♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂,
1♀, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: France, Hungary, Romania,
Greece (Crete) and Russia (Krasnodar)
(Grichanov, 2000).
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RHAPHIINAE Bigot, 1852Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt,
1849Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo
village,
18.VII.2015, 2♂♂, 1♀; 25.VII.2015, 4♂♂; Gorno Novo Selo village,
28.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, Iran; North Africa:
Algeria, Morocco. Rhaphium auctum Loew, 1857Material examined:
Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Europe; Asia: Afghanistan.Rhaphium brevicorne Curtis, 1835Material
examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo village,
18.VII.2015, 1♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Europe; Canary Islands; Asia: Iraq, Tajikistan; North Africa:
Algeria. Rhaphium caliginosum Meigen, 1824Material examined:
Markovo village, 28.V.2015, 3♂♂; Chehlare village,
25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 3♀♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 6♂♂, 6♀♀;
25.VII.2015, 5♂♂, 3♀♀; Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂;
15.VIII.2016, 3♂♂, 1♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 23.VIII.2015, 1♂;
Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 3♂♂, 5♀♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria.Rhaphium fissum
Loew, 1850Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 3♂♂,
2♀; 25.VII.2015,
5♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: Europe; Asia: Korea,
Tajikistan. Rhaphium penicillatum Loew, 1850Material examined:
Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 2♂♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Europe, Russia (Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Voronezh).SYMPYCNINAE
Aldrich, 1905Campsicnemus curvipes (Fallén, 1823)Material examined:
Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 2♀♀; Naydenovo
village, 18.VII.2015, 2♂♂, Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂;
Dolno Novo Selo village, 11.IX.2015, 1♂♂, 1♀; Gorno Novo Selo
village, 28.VI.2016, 4♂♂, 4♀♀, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Canary Islands; North Africa:
Algeria.Campsicnemus simplicissimus Strobl, 1906Material examined:
Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution:
Europe; Asia: Tajikistan.Campsicnemus umbripennis Loew,
1856Material examined: Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂; Kavakliika
hut, 3♂♂,
2♀♀, Markovo village, 22.IX.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, Iraq, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Turkey. Sympycnus pulicarius (Fallén, 1823)
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Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 2♀♀;
Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 7♂♂, 3♀♀, Dolno Novo Selo village,
23.VIII.2015, 1♂; Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 3♂♂, leg. M.
Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Nearctic: California.Syntormon pallipes
(Fabricius, 1794)Material examined: Markovo village, 28.V.2015, 1♂;
Naydenovo village,
18.VII.2015, 1♂; Markovo village, 23.V.2016, 1♂, 1♀; 12.VI.2016,
1♂, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan; Oriental China; North
Africa: Algeria; Afrotropics: Madagascar, Tanzania.
Teuchophorus chaetifemoratus Pollet et Kechev, 2007Material
examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 1 ♂, leg. M. Kechev.
Distribution: Bulgaria, Turkey. Teuchophorus cristulatus Meuffels
et Grootaert, 1990Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1
♂, leg. M. Kechev.Distribution: Bulgaria, Italy (Sicily),
Turkey.Teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov,
2014Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M.
Kechev.Distribution: Bulgaria.Teuchophorus monacanthus Loew,
1859Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 5♂♂, 2♀♀, leg.
M. Kechev.Distribution: Europe.Teuchophorus spinigerellus
(Zetterstedt, 1843)Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016,
4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia:
Kazakhstan.
DISCUSSION
Analyzing the number of collected specimens in this survey
(total 472) two species can be considered to be dominant in the
region – hercostomus gracilis (35,2%) and poecilobothrus regalis
(14,8%). p. regalis is a very abundant around ponds and marshes in
Upper Thracian Plain and a large number of specimens during the
period May-August can be found (Kechev, Ivanova, 2015). There are
no records of h. gracilis in Upper Thracian Plain up to now. As it
can be seen from Fig. 2 p. regalis is with a high abundance during
May-June. After that during July-September h. gracilis is more
abundant and dominated.
Rhaphium caliginosum (9.5%) and Argyra leucocephala (6.6%) are
also well presented in this survey and together with dolichopodids
campsicnemus curvipes, sympycnus pulicarius and syntormon pallipes
are eurytopic very common and dwell a wide range of aquatic and
semi-aquatic ecosystems in lower parts of Bulgaria.
Thirteen species – Dolichopus excisus, D. latilimbatus, D.
nubilus, D. salictorum, Gymnopternus aerosus, hercostomus
plagiatus, h. chrysozygos, Rhaphium auctum, Rh.
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penicillatum, campsicnemus simplicissimus, teuchophorus
chaetifemoratus, t. cristulatus and t. medovoensis are found with
one or two specimens and considered as rare in the studied
area.
Two of the species (neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt) and
peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg)) presented in the current work
are new for the fauna of Bulgaria. peloropeodes acuticornis is new
to the Balkan Peninsula as well. According to the recently
published literature (Grichanov, 2000; Pollet, 2011; Grichanov,
2014) the species is not widely spread in Europe and known from
France, Hungary, Romania, Greece (Crete) and Russia
(Krasnodar).
Two recently described species from Bulgaria teuchophorus
chaetifemoratus Pollet et Kechev and teuchophorus medovoensis
Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov were found in this study. t.
chaetifemoratus was described from Markovo village near Plovdiv at
the food of the West Rodopes (Pollet, Kechev, 2007). Later the
species was found in Turkey (Tonguc at al., 2013). This is the
second locality of that species in Bulgaria and the habitat and
altitude are the same as where the species was first found and
described – a small cook brook in the deciduous forest. Other
species from the same genus – t. medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et
Grichanov was described from Medovo village with one male specimen
(Kechev et al., 2014). This survey provides another male specimen
collected about 10 km away from the site where the species was
first discovered.
Table 2 summarizes the list of long-legged flies found along
Omurovska River during the period 2011-2016 (except 2014). In
previous study for three years were given 28 species (Kechev et
al., 2014) and the present survey of Omurovska River tributaries in
Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. increases the number of known species of
the river up to 44.
Fig. 2. Number of dominant dolichopodid species
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Table 2. Full list of dolichopodids found
SpeciesOmurovska River:
study 2011-2013
Sarnena Sredna gora: study 2015-2016
Rivercourse*
Argyra leucocephala (Meigen, 1824) X X L M U
Asyndetus latifrons (Loew, 1857) X M
chrysotus femoratus Zetterstedt, 1843 X U
Dolichopus discifer Stannius, 1831 X U
Dolichopus excisus Loew, 1859 X U
Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius, 1831 X X U
Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart, 1827 X U
Dolichopus nubilus Meigen, 1824 X U
Dolichopus salictorum Loew, 1871 X U
Dolichopus signifer Haliday, 1838 X X M U
Gymnopternus aerosus (Fallen, 1823) X U
hercostomus gracilis (Stannius, 1831) X X M U
hercostomus parvilamellatus (Macquart, 1827) X U
hercostomus plagiatus (Loew, 1857) X U
poecilobothrus chrysozygos (Wiedemann, 1817) X X M U
poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) X X L M U
sybistroma impar (Rondani, 1843) X X L M U
neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt, 1843) X U
tachytrechus notatus (Stannius, 1831) X M
chrysotimus molliculus (Fallén, 1823) X X L M U
peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg, 1916) X U
Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849 X U
Rhaphium auctum Loew, 1857 X X M U
Rhaphium caliginosum Meigen, 1824 X X L M U
Rhaphium fissum Loew, 1850 X U
Rhaphium brevicorne Curtis, 1835 X U
Rhaphium penicillatum Loew, 1850 X X L M U
sciapus platypterus (Fabricius, 1805) X M
sciapus wiedemanni (Fallén, 1823) X M
campsicnemus curvipes (Fallén, 1823) X X L M U
campsicnemus simplicissimus Strobl, 1906 X X L M U
campsicnemus umbripennis Loew, 1856 X U
lamprochromus strobli Parent, 1925 X L M
sympycnus pulicarius (Fallén, 1823) X X M U
syntormon filiger Verrall 1912 X L
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Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Dr Stoian Georgiev for the
determination of plant species. The author is grateful to Mr
Nikolai Genov and Mr Stoyan Mihov for their help during the
collecting trips in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts.
REFERENCES
Beschovski, V. 1964. Beitrag zum Studium der halobionten und
halophilen Dipteran Brachycera vom Bulgarischen Küstenbereich des
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from the Upper Thracian Plain new to Bulgaria: Habitats and
Distribution. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (2), 205-208.
SpeciesOmurovska River:
study 2011-2013
Sarnena Sredna gora: study 2015-2016
Rivercourse*
syntormon pallipes (Fabricius, 1794) X X L M U
syntormon denticulatus (Zetterstedt, 1843) X M
syntormon triangulipes Becker, 1902 X L
teuchophorus chaetifemoratus Pollet & Kechev, 2007 X U
teuchophorus cristulatus Meuffels & Grootaert, 1990 X U
teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov, 2014 X X
U
teuchophorus monacanthus Loew, 1859 X X L M U
teuchophorus spinigerellus (Zetterstedt, 1843) X X L M U
Xanthochlorus tenellus (Wiedemann, 1817) X U
*River course: L – Lower; M – Middle; U – Upper.
Table 2. Continued
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Kechev, M. 2012b. Diversity of Long-legged flies (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae) in Gradina Floodplain Forest, Bulgaria. Acta
zoologica bulgarica, Suppl. 4, 43-46.
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river banks and in some forests of the Upper Thracian Plain. Silva
Balcanica, 16 (1), 35-52.
Kechev, M., O. Negrobov, I. Grichanov. 2014. Diversity of
Long-Legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) along the Banks of the
Omurovska River (Bulgaria), with the description of a new species
of the genus teuchophorus Loew. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 66 (3),
317-323.
Negrobov, O. 1991. Dolichopodidae. – In: Sóos, Á., Papp, L.
(Eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. 7.
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