Forensic Odontology

• Unknown Body Identification

• Mass Disaster Investigation

• Dental Evidence Identification

• Bite Mark Evidence Comparison

• Child, Spouse, Senior Abuse Investigation

• Criminal Investigation Leads

• Civil Litigations

• Pictures & Video Tape • Fingerprint cards and ID Information• X-Rays and Medical Records• Known Blood Types and DNA Records• Occupant/Passenger/visitor Lists• Non Listing Occupant Passengers/visitor• Seat/room Assignment

Unknown Body Identification

• About 10,500 people missing every year in US

• Only 5% of those missing persons have dental records on file

• About 5,400 unidentified bodies were found every year.

• 65 % of those bodies were identified by dental records

• The top 4 States: CA, TX, MI,

• Are the Remain Human

• Are the Remain Recent

• Identification of the Remain

• Estimation of Age• Determination of Sex,

Race, Stature• Manner and Cause of

Death• Means and Facts

related to Death

Dental X-Ray Identification

• Alignment of Teeth

• Uniqueness of Teeth

• Rotation and Direction

• Dental Restoration

• Pulp Chamber

• Seines Line

Types of DNA Database

• Sex Offender Database• Felony Offender Database• Felony Arrest Database• All Type Arrest Database Total 1,407,000 DNA Profiles in US

CODIS database and 64,500 in forensic database.

DNA Typing Emerging Trends

• SNPs Analysis• Ethno-geographic Origin• Robotic Platform Automation• Data Acquisition and Analysis• Microbial DNA Typing• Non-human DNA Analysis• Bio-geographical Ancestry• Age Determination

Solid

2D AI

Extract

A.E

Divide into Three Equal Amount

Conclusive results

NR, INC, NAD

NR, INC, NAD

Conclusive results

NC

NC Non-concordant concordant Group

HUMAN VARIATION

HUMAN EVOLUTION

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

ARCHAEOLOGY

LINGUISTICS

Forensic Specialty in human skeletal biology who apply their skills to medicolegal cases

Study of Human Physical Variation and Evolution in Relationship to Behavioral Patterns and Cultures

• Are the Remain Human• Are the Remain Recent• Identification of the

Remain• Estimation of Age• Determination of Sex,

Race, Stature• Manner and Cause of

Death• Means and Facts

related to Death

Bite Mark Evidence may involve:

• Rape, Sexual Attack

• Child/ Senior Abuse

• Sexual Activity

• Assault & Battery

• Homicide

Collection of Bite Mark Evidence

1. Photograph General Location

2. Photograph Close-up View

3. Photograph with Scale

4. Swab Saliva Stain

5. Measurement and Sketch

6. Casting of Impression

Location of Bite MarksHeterosexual Assault Homosexual Assault

Female Victim• Breast• Thigh• Ant. Shoulder• Public areas• Neck• Arm• Buttock

Male Victim• Upper Back• Penis• Axilla• Scrotum• Neck• Arm• Breast

Male Victim• Abdomen• Chest• Arm

CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION

• Re-evaluate Witness Statement• Conduct Scene Analysis• Review Results of Evidence• Apply New Technology• Search Missing Clues• Develop New Leads

Crime Scene

Collection of

information

Hypothesis

Logic

Pattern evidence

Physical evidence

Literature & data

Reports & Records

Investigate Report

Witness’s statements

Verification of information

Coordination of information

Pattern evidence

Physical evidence

Theory

Reconstruction

Types of Bite Marks

• Single Tooth Impression

• Multiple Teeth Impressions

• Bruise or Rub Pattern

• Sucking Marks

• Laceration

• Avulsion of Tissue

Prove / Disprove AlibiProve / Disprove Alibi

• Direct/Indirect Involvement

• Sequence of Events

• Self Defense vs. Homicide

• Location / Position Verification

• Active/Passive Scene

• Organized/Disorganized Scene

• Primary/Secondary Scene

• Direct/Indirect Involvement

• Sequence of Events

• Self Defense vs. Homicide

• Location / Position Verification

• Active/Passive Scene

• Organized/Disorganized Scene

• Primary/Secondary Scene

Variations Factors

• Skin factor• Distortion factors• Direction and amount of force• Action and Reaction• Variability of Force• Variability of Movement• Reproducibility of the Pattern• Teeth Variability• Subsequent Alterations

Expert Opinions

• Different• Consistent with• Similar to• Possible• Probable• To a reasonable Dental Certainty• Match• Can not be determine