Forensic Medicine Ppt

8/13/2019 Forensic Medicine Ppt

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONLEGALMEDICINE- the application of medicine to legal

cases

Forensic Medicine-concerns with the application of medicalscience to elucidate legal problems


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MEDICALJURISPRUDENCE- denotes knowledge of law in

relation to the practice of medicine

Medical Ethics- deals with the moral principles which

should guide members of the medicalprofession in their dealings with each

other, their patients and the state.


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PATHOLOGIST- AMEDICALDOCTOR

WHOCONDUCTSANAUTOPSY.

Autopsy - post mortem examination of acorpse.

Objectives of Autopsy1. To find out the time of death.2. To find out the cause of death.

3. To find out the manner of death, whetheraccidental, suicidal or homicidal.


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4. To establish the identity of the body.

5. In new born infants, to determine live birthor viability.

Exhumation- is the digging out of an already

buried body from the grave.

Cadaver- also called corpse, is a dead humanbody.

Carcass- dead body of an animal.


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WOUND- ISATYPEOFINJURYINWHICHTHESKINISTORN, CUT, ORPUNCTUREDORWHEREBLUNTFORCETRAUMACAUSESACONTUSION.

Classification of wound

1. open wound - is a break in the skin's surfaceresulting in external bleeding.

1. closed wound - the skin is not broken open

and remains intact.


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Paulus Zacchias - father of forensic medicine

Imhotep earliest medicolegal expertTypes of Medical Evidence :1. Autoptic/Real (seen by the eyes)2. Testimonial3. Experimental4. Documentary5. Physical (DNA, Fingerprints)


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METHODSOFPRESERVINGEVIDENCE

1. Photography

2. Sketching

3. Description

4. Manikin method5. Preservation in the Mind of the Witness

6. Special methods


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CHECKLISTWHICHMAYHELPTOENSURETHATEVIDENCEISNOTDESTROYED.

*In all cases, the following apply:1. Obtain consent before examining the victim.

2. Where possible, leave things as and where theyare. If anything has to be handled, keep this to aminimum. Do not clean up. Do not touch what you donot have to.

3. Leave weapons where they are unless theyare handed to you. If you have to receivethem, take care not to destroy fingerprints. Donot wash anything or in any way removefibres, blood etc.


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If you have been given items of possible

interest, e.g. a weapon, avoid handling themwherever possible. Keep in a safe, dry placeuntil the Police are able to collect.

Preserve the clothing and footwear of thevictim. Handle these as little as possible toavoid cross contamination.

Preserve anything used to comfort or warm avictim e.g. a blanket.


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Note in writing the state of the clothing of

both alleged victim and alleged perpetrator.Note injuries in writing. Make full writtennotes on the conditions and attitudes of thepeople involved in the incident.

Note and preserve any obvious evidencesuch as footprints or fingerprints.

Secure the room and do not allow anyone toenter until the Police arrive.


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Methods of Preservation

For most things, use clean brown paper, a clean

brown paper bag or a clean envelope. If using an

envelope, do not lick it to seal.

For liquids, use clean glassware.

Do not handle items unless it is necessary to move

them and make them safe.


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DECEPTION DETECTION

Methods of Deception Detection

A. Devices which record the psycho-physiological response

Lie detector - physiological changes that occurin association with lying.

Phases:a. Pre-test- Purpose of the interview


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b. Actual interrogation and recording throughthe instrument

Irrelevant questions

Relevant questions

Control questions

c. Post test

d. Supplementary

Peak-of-tension - test given if not yet

informed of the details of the offense


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Guilt complex - test applied when responseto relevant questions are similar in consistencyexaminer cannot determine if subject is tellingthe truth

Silent Answer - asked to answer silently

2. Use of Word Association Test

3. Use of Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE)- detects, measures and graphically displaysthe voice modulations that we cannot hear.


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B. USEOFDRUGSTHATINHIBITTHEINHIBITOR

1. Administration of Truth serum - hyoscinehydrobromate

2. Narcoanalysis or Narcosynthesis -psychiatric sodium amytal or sodium penthotal

3. Intoxication with alcohol -in vino veritas -in wine there is truth


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C. Hypnosis

- alteration of consciousness and concentrationin which the subject manifests a heightened ofsuggestibility while awareness is maintained.

D. Observation - signs and symptoms

Sweating Color change Excessive activity of the Adams apple


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Dryness of mouth

Fidgeting Swearing to the truthfulness of his assertion Peculiar feeling inside Inability to look at the investigator straight inthe eye Not that I remember expression Spotless past record

(NEXT MEETING MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OFIDENTIFICATION)

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Forensic Medicine Ppt