Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What can you do if you like
severe weather
bull Forecasting
bull Research
bull Hobby
Forecasting bull Warnings are issued by local NWS offices
bull TV stations relay these warnings and can
also pass along extra information on severe
weather to the public
bull Private companies may have some positions
that require attention to severe weather for
individual clients but this is probably not a
good route for those interested in severe
weather
bull Watches and mesoscale discussions and
convective outlooks (forecasting further out
in time) are all done by SPC
bull httpwwwspcnoaagov
S
i
t
e
M
a
p
N
e
w
s
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
S
e
a
r
c
h
Current Watches
Day 1 Outlook
Search SPC
SPC Products
All SPC Forecasts
Current Watches
Meso Discussions
Conv Outlooks
Fire Wx Forecasts
Research
Non-op Products
Forecast Tools
Svr Tstm Events
SPC Publications
Weather Information
WatchWarning Map
Storm Reports
Current Radar
Product Archive
SPC FAQ
Live SPC Weather
Education amp
Outreach
About the SPC
About Tornadoes
About Derechos
Cool Images
Our History
W5T-SKYWARN
Public Affairs
Misc
Staff
Whats New
Links
Contact Us
SPC Feedback
NOAA National Weather Service
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
Storm Prediction Center
1313 Halley Circle
Norman OK 73069 USA
spcfeedbacknoaagov
Page last modified October 13 2004
Disclaimer Privacy Policy
Research
bull Many students going away to college donrsquot
think about a research career at first
bull In meteorology usually if you want to
forecast a BS is all you need ndash to do
research an MS or PhD is needed
bull That may sound like bad newshelliphellip but almost
no one pays to get their MS or PhD ndash instead
they are ldquohiredrdquo on assistantship to get their
degree and the tuition is paid plus a stipend
is provided ($1500 ndash 2500 per month)
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Forecasting bull Warnings are issued by local NWS offices
bull TV stations relay these warnings and can
also pass along extra information on severe
weather to the public
bull Private companies may have some positions
that require attention to severe weather for
individual clients but this is probably not a
good route for those interested in severe
weather
bull Watches and mesoscale discussions and
convective outlooks (forecasting further out
in time) are all done by SPC
bull httpwwwspcnoaagov
S
i
t
e
M
a
p
N
e
w
s
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
S
e
a
r
c
h
Current Watches
Day 1 Outlook
Search SPC
SPC Products
All SPC Forecasts
Current Watches
Meso Discussions
Conv Outlooks
Fire Wx Forecasts
Research
Non-op Products
Forecast Tools
Svr Tstm Events
SPC Publications
Weather Information
WatchWarning Map
Storm Reports
Current Radar
Product Archive
SPC FAQ
Live SPC Weather
Education amp
Outreach
About the SPC
About Tornadoes
About Derechos
Cool Images
Our History
W5T-SKYWARN
Public Affairs
Misc
Staff
Whats New
Links
Contact Us
SPC Feedback
NOAA National Weather Service
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
Storm Prediction Center
1313 Halley Circle
Norman OK 73069 USA
spcfeedbacknoaagov
Page last modified October 13 2004
Disclaimer Privacy Policy
Research
bull Many students going away to college donrsquot
think about a research career at first
bull In meteorology usually if you want to
forecast a BS is all you need ndash to do
research an MS or PhD is needed
bull That may sound like bad newshelliphellip but almost
no one pays to get their MS or PhD ndash instead
they are ldquohiredrdquo on assistantship to get their
degree and the tuition is paid plus a stipend
is provided ($1500 ndash 2500 per month)
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
bull httpwwwspcnoaagov
S
i
t
e
M
a
p
N
e
w
s
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
S
e
a
r
c
h
Current Watches
Day 1 Outlook
Search SPC
SPC Products
All SPC Forecasts
Current Watches
Meso Discussions
Conv Outlooks
Fire Wx Forecasts
Research
Non-op Products
Forecast Tools
Svr Tstm Events
SPC Publications
Weather Information
WatchWarning Map
Storm Reports
Current Radar
Product Archive
SPC FAQ
Live SPC Weather
Education amp
Outreach
About the SPC
About Tornadoes
About Derechos
Cool Images
Our History
W5T-SKYWARN
Public Affairs
Misc
Staff
Whats New
Links
Contact Us
SPC Feedback
NOAA National Weather Service
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
Storm Prediction Center
1313 Halley Circle
Norman OK 73069 USA
spcfeedbacknoaagov
Page last modified October 13 2004
Disclaimer Privacy Policy
Research
bull Many students going away to college donrsquot
think about a research career at first
bull In meteorology usually if you want to
forecast a BS is all you need ndash to do
research an MS or PhD is needed
bull That may sound like bad newshelliphellip but almost
no one pays to get their MS or PhD ndash instead
they are ldquohiredrdquo on assistantship to get their
degree and the tuition is paid plus a stipend
is provided ($1500 ndash 2500 per month)
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
S
i
t
e
M
a
p
N
e
w
s
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
S
e
a
r
c
h
Current Watches
Day 1 Outlook
Search SPC
SPC Products
All SPC Forecasts
Current Watches
Meso Discussions
Conv Outlooks
Fire Wx Forecasts
Research
Non-op Products
Forecast Tools
Svr Tstm Events
SPC Publications
Weather Information
WatchWarning Map
Storm Reports
Current Radar
Product Archive
SPC FAQ
Live SPC Weather
Education amp
Outreach
About the SPC
About Tornadoes
About Derechos
Cool Images
Our History
W5T-SKYWARN
Public Affairs
Misc
Staff
Whats New
Links
Contact Us
SPC Feedback
NOAA National Weather Service
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
Storm Prediction Center
1313 Halley Circle
Norman OK 73069 USA
spcfeedbacknoaagov
Page last modified October 13 2004
Disclaimer Privacy Policy
Research
bull Many students going away to college donrsquot
think about a research career at first
bull In meteorology usually if you want to
forecast a BS is all you need ndash to do
research an MS or PhD is needed
bull That may sound like bad newshelliphellip but almost
no one pays to get their MS or PhD ndash instead
they are ldquohiredrdquo on assistantship to get their
degree and the tuition is paid plus a stipend
is provided ($1500 ndash 2500 per month)
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Research
bull Many students going away to college donrsquot
think about a research career at first
bull In meteorology usually if you want to
forecast a BS is all you need ndash to do
research an MS or PhD is needed
bull That may sound like bad newshelliphellip but almost
no one pays to get their MS or PhD ndash instead
they are ldquohiredrdquo on assistantship to get their
degree and the tuition is paid plus a stipend
is provided ($1500 ndash 2500 per month)
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Grad school ndash how does it work
bull Students usually need to take the GRE test ndash during fall of senior year
bull Students apply during fallearly winter of senior year ndash describe what their interests are
bull If universities like the application usually a specific faculty member who does that type of research will offer an assistantship to the student
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
More Grad Schoolhellip
bull Math and physics grades are biggest key to getting into grad school (top schools want no more than a few Bs other schools may accept a few Cs)
bull 30 GPA is usual cut-off but lower marks can still allow for probationary admittance
bull MS usually takes 2 years PhD takes around 4 more
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
How does Grad school differ
from being an undergrad
bull Grad students take far fewer classes (here at
ISU about 6 over 2 years)
bull Grad students are assigned an office with a
desk ndash the experience is like having a job
(especially since you are paid) with
occasional breaks to attend class
bull Classes are very small
bull Most time is spent doing or thinking about
research toward a thesis (MS) or
dissertation (PhD)
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Well-known meteorology Grad schools
CSU
UW
OU
PSU
UW ISU
UCLA
UU
UA TT
T-AM
UND
SDSM
UN
MU SLU
UI PU
UM
UV
MD
NCSU
GA UAH
FSU
SUNY
Rut
MIT Cor
UC-D
UW
KU
OSU
CU
OSU
UM
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
National Severe Storms Laboratory
Come celebrate
our 40th
anniversary
with us
October 15-16
2004
The National Severe Storms Laboratory is one of NOAAs
internationally known research laboratories leading the way in
investigations of all aspects of severe weather Headquartered
in Norman OK the people of NSSL in partnership with the
National Weather Service are dedicated to improving severe
weather warnings and forecasts in order to save lives and
reduce property damage
Who We Are
Forecast R amp D
Radar R amp D
Warning R amp D
Special Projects
Scientific Publications
Accomplishments
Scientific Seminar Series
The Weather Room
VORTEX storybook
Teacher Resources
FAQ
Public Affairs
NSSL Briefings
Local Interest
Visitor Information
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
University Research
bull Many universities have at least one
research team exploring severe
weather (tornadoes severe storms
flash flooding)
bull Univ of OK is most famous (tornadoes
damaging wind hail) but
thunderstorms are studied nearly
everywhere
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
VORTEX-II (May-June 2009-10)
bullTornadogenesis
bullNear-ground tornado wind field
bullRelationship between storms and
parent environment
ISU Team was not funded by main project but did
receive other funding to be involved with Tim
Samaras in 2009 amp 2010 amp 2011 (TWISTEX) A team
of students helped in those efforts ndash likely other
projects will take place in the future although the
danger (eg May 31 2013) may re-shape how things
are done
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
VORTEX-I Findings (1994-95)
bull Most supercells DO have low-level
mesocyclones but no tornadoes
bull Tornadic storms and non-tornadic
storms at 1 km scales look the same up
until the time of tornado touchdown
bull Basically we know much less than we
thought we did ndash tornado forecasting is
even more difficult than expected
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Tornadogenesis
bull What is the role of the rear-flank
downdraft and its microphysical and
thermodynamic properties
bull What are the roles of gust front
vortices
bull Does tornado formation require a
balance between low-level buoyancy
and angular momentum
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Near-ground tornado winds
bull What is the nature and frequency of
asymmetry and multiple vorticies
bull What are the fine-scale details
bull Does the tornado behave like laboratory
simulations (corner flow region)
bull Does the structure depend on swirl ratio
VORTEX2 had major trouble gathering this needed datahellip Likely more
efforts will be needed in the future
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Relationship of storm to parent
environment
bull Interactions of storms
bull Heterogeneity (local changes in shear
and instability)
bull Numerical weather prediction (how well
can we forecast all of this)
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Hobby
bull Some people have taken engineering jobs just so they can have more money and vacation time to chase storms each year
bull Most weather jobs do not have a direct connection to severe weather ndash but nothing stops a person from chasing as a hobby
bull Become an official storm spotter
Courtesy Tim Samaras
Courtesy Tim Samaras
