For personal use and non-commercial purposes: permission

Copyright © 2010 Philip G. Pardey, Stanley Wood, and Reed Hertford

For personal use and non-commercial purposes: permission is granted to download and copy and to redistribute the book and any part thereof, provided that this is not for profi t, no text is changed, and the designated copyright notice and source details remain with this material.

Suggested citation: P.G. Pardey, S. Wood, and R. Herford, eds. Supplementary Tables and Figures for Research Futures: Projecting Agricultural R&D Potentials for Latin America and the Caribbean, Washington, DC and St. Paul: IFPRI, IDB, and InSTePP, 2010.

Supplementary Tables and Figures for:

Research Futures:Projecting Agricultural R&D Potentials

for Latin America and the Caribbean

EditorsPhilip G. Pardey, Stanley Wood, and Reed Hertford

Contributing AuthorsJulian M. Alston, Nienke M. Beintema, Connie Chan-Kang,

Reed Hertford, Philip G. Pardey, César L. Revoredo-Giha, Kate Sebastian, Ulrike Wood-Sichra, Stanley Wood, and Liang You

These supplementary tables and fi gures comprise a companion volume to P.G. Pardey, S. Wood, and R. Herford, eds. Research Futures: Projecting Agricultural R&D Potentials for Latin America and the Caribbean, Washington, DC and St. Paul: IFPRI, IDB, and InSTePP, 2010.

Chapter 2

Supplementary Tables and Figures

2 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES AND FIGURES

Tabl

e S2.

1 Gr

owth

rate

s of c

rop

area

s and

yiel

ds in

LAC

(con

tinue

d)

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES AND FIGURES 3

Sour

ces:

Com

pile

d by a

utho

rs fro

m FA

OSTA

T (20

04).

a Seed

Cotto

n pr

oduc

es bo

th oi

l and

fi be

r.

Tabl

e S2.

1 (co

ntin

ued)


Table S2.2 Land use patterns in LAC by country

Sources: Compiled by authors from FAOSTAT (2004).Notes: Data refer to year 2001.


Table S2.3 Land-labor ratios, 1961–2001

Sources: Compiled by authors from FAOSTAT (2004).Notes: Land includes area harvested by permanent pastures. Labor refers to economically active persons engaged in agriculture.


Table S2.4 Sources of calories consumed, 1961 and 2001

Sources: Compiled by authors from FAOSTAT (2004).

Chapter 3



Figure S3.1 Biophysical attributes

Sources: Elevation from USGS (1998), slope from IIASA/FAC (1999), and precipitation and temperature from CIAT (1996).


Table S3.1 Land area distribution by elevation

Sources: USGS (1998).

Table S3.2 Land area distribution by generalized slope

Sources: IIASA/FAO (1999).

Table S3.3 Land area distribution by long-term average annual temperature

Sources: CIAT (1996).

Table S3.4 Land area distribution by long-term average annual precipitation

Sources: CIAT (1996).


Table S3.5 South and Central America, major climate characterization1

Sources: FAO (1981).Notes: 1 Major climate refl ects the temperature regime during the growing period when water (rainfall) availability permits crop growth.


Figure S3.2 Agroclimatic attributes

Sources: Data used to develop maps was taken from CIAT (1996) and Corbett (1997).Notes: The major climate divisions were calculated based on FAO’s rules outlined in FAO (1981).


Table S3.6 Crop specifi c-climatic suitability classifi cation and yields (tonnes/hectare) by major climate and length of growing period

Sources: FAO 1981.Notes: Throughout this table % of maximum refers to the yields of the respective growing periods expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield attainable from any growing period, without permanent constraints. Suitability: NS = not suitable; MS = marginally suitable; S=suitable; VS = very suitable. Yields have been calculated to two places of decimal but fi nal yields are shown to one place of decimal (except for cotton).

a. Groups II and III crops in tropical and sub-tropical (summer rainfall) areas (major climates 1, 5, and 7)

(continued)


Sources: FAO 1981.Notes: For areas with major climate 6, the agro-climatic suitability ratings for all crops except sorghum apply to the length appropriate to the major climate 6 alone, and not to the total length mapped. For sorghum the suitability ratings apply to the total length of the growing period mapped (i.e., major climates 5 and 6). Yields for the entire temperature range considered, i.e., mean temperature ranges 10.0-20.0°C for spring wheat, white potato and phaseolus bean; and mean temperature range 15.0-20.0°C for maize and sorghum. Throughout this table % of maximum refers to the yields of the respective growing periods expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield attainable from any growing period, without permanent constraints. For spring wheat, phaseolus bean, maize and sorghum, the values are for the mid-temperature range. For spring wheat is transitional areas of major climate 6, a period of 75-90 days should be deducted from the total length of growing period mapped before applying the agro-climatic suitability ratings. For white potato in major climate 6 (including transitional areas), the anticipated yields and suitability ratings are: High level – 150-179 days, 1.4-2.3 t/ha (NS); 180-209, 2.0-3.4 (MS); 210-299, 3.5-5.3 (S); 300-329, 2.8-5.3 (S); 300-365+, 1.8-3.6 (MS); Low Level – 150-179 days, 0.4-0.6 t/ha (NS); 180-209, 0.5-0.9 (MS); 210-299, 0.9-1.3 (S); 300-329, 0.7-1.3 (S); 330-365+, 0.5-0.9 (MS). Suitability: NS = not suitable; MS = marginally suitable; S=suitable; VS = very suitable.

b. Groups I and IV crops in tropical and sub-tropical (summer rainfall) areas (major climates 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9)

Table S3.6 (continued)

(continued)


Sources: FAO 1981.Notes: Yields considered in the mean temperature ranges10°-20°C for spring wheat, white potato and phaseolus bean; and mean temperature range 5°-20°C for winter wheat. Throughout this table % of maximum refers to the yields of the respective growing periods expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield attainable from any growing period, without permanent constraints. Considered for production of spring crops. Suitability: NS = not suitable; MS = marginally suitable; S=suitable; VS = very suitable.

c. Group 1 crops in sub-tropical (winter rainfall) and temperate areas (major climates 11 and 13)



Figure S3.3 Crop specifi c agro-climatic suitability classifi cation

(continued)


Sources: Calculated by authors.Notes: The crop suitability classifi cation scheme was based on FAO (1981). See Annex Table 3.6 for more details.

Figure S3.3 (continued)


Figure S3.4 Soil constraints

Sources: IFPRI based on FAO (1995).


Figure S3.5 Brazil rice/soybean area changes 1975–1995

Sources: IFPRI 1999, EMBRAPA 1999.Notes: The data are by municipio: the boundaries shown are department boundaries.


Figure S3.6 The extent of agricultural land – The Americas

Sources: IFPRI reinterpretation of USGS EROS Data Center (EDC). 1998/1999. 1 km Global Land Cover Characteristics DatasetNotes: Map represents interpretation of satellite imagery and rainfed cropland, managed pastures, orchards, vineyards and plantations.


Tabl

e S3.

7 La

nd ar

ea d

istrib

utio

n by

agro

ecol

ogica

l zon

e (AE

Z) an

d ag

ricul

tura

l ext

ent

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S3.

7 (co

ntin

ued)


Figure S3.7 Potato production and distribution

Sources: Calculated by authors based on IFPRI’s LAC Sub-national data collection (IFPRI 1995).


Figure S3.8 Agricultural land cover and crop distribution – Brazil

Sources: Land Cover from USGS/EDC (1998/1999) reinterpreted by IFPRI. Crop Distribution from CIAT (1996).

Chapter 4



Figu

re S4

.1

Crop

yiel

d le

vels

and

tren

ds

Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

a. B

eans

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

cent

.

b. Ca

ssav

a

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

c. M

aize

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

d. Po

tato

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

e. R

ice

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

f. So

ybea

n

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

g. So

rghu

m

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)

(con

tinue

d)


Sour

ces:

Calcu

late

d by a

utho

rs.No

tes:

Yiel

d lev

els a

re cl

assifi

ed a

s fol

lows

: ver

y hig

h (V

H) co

nstit

utes

80-1

00 pe

rcent

of m

axim

um yi

eld p

oten

tial; h

igh

(H) i

s 60-

80 pe

rcent

; med

ium

(M) i

s 40-

60 pe

rcent

; low

(L) i

s 20-

40 pe

rcent

; and

very

low

(VL)

is 0-

20 pe

rcent

.

h. W

heat

Figu

re S4

.1

(cont

inue

d)


Figure S4.2 Crop yield distributions by harvested area

Sources: Chan-Kang, Pardey and Wood (2000).Notes: Data refer to 1993-95 averages.


Figure S4.3 Crop yield growth distributions by production

Sources: Chan-Kang, Pardey and Wood (2000).Notes: Data refer to 1993-95 average.


Figure S4.4 Spatial allocation of crop production

(continued)



(continued)



(continued)



Chapter 7



Tabl

e S7.

1 IM

PACT

: mod

el 20

15 p

roje

ctio

ns

(con

tinue

d)

a. La

tin A

mer

ica re

gion


b. A

rgen

tina

Tabl

e S7.

1 (co

ntin

ued)

(con

tinue

d)


c. Br

azil

Tabl

e S7.

1 (co

ntin

ued)

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

1 (co

ntin

ued)

d. Co

lom

bia

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

1 (co

ntin

ued)

e. M

exico

Sour

ces:

Unpu

blish

ed re

sults

unde

rlyin

g von

Bra

un et

al. (

2005

).No

tes:

Area

- har

veste

d are

a of c

rops

, Num

ber-

head

of an

imal

s.


Tabl

e S7.

2 Ba

se d

ata f

or D

REAM

sim

ulat

ion

a. B

eans

(con

tinue

d)


b. Ca

ssav

a

Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

c. M

aize

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

d. Po

tato

es

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

e. R

ice

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

f. So

rghu

m

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

g. So

ybea

ns

(con

tinue

d)


Tabl

e S7.

2 (co

ntin

ued)

Note

s for

Ann

ex Ta

ble 7

.2 a−

h:a “O

ther

” inc

lude

s the

follo

wing

25 co

untri

es: A

ngui

lla, A

ntig

ua an

d Bar

buda

, the

Bah

amas

, Bar

bado

s, Be

lize,

Brit

ish Vi

rgin

Isla

nds,

Caym

an Is

land

s, Do

min

ica, F

renc

h Gu

iana

, Gre

nada

, Gua

delo

upe,

Guy

ana,

Jam

aica

, Mar

tiniq

ue, M

onts

erra

t, Ne

ther

land

s Ant

illes

, Pue

rto R

ico, S

t. Ki

tts an

d Nev

is,

St. L

ucia

, St.

Vinc

ent a

nd th

e Gre

nadi

nes,

Surin

ame,

Trin

idad

and T

obag

o, Tu

rks a

nd Ca

icos,

Falk

land

Isla

nds,

U.S.

Virg

in Is

land

s. b Pr

ices a

re ba

sed o

n 19

93-9

5 ave

rage

expo

rt un

it va

lues

(exp

ort v

alue

/exp

ort q

uant

ity) f

or th

e lar

gest

expo

rting

coun

try in

LAC.

The p

rices

are b

ased

on th

e fol

lowi

ng cr

ops a

nd co

untry

com

bina

tions

: Bea

ns–A

rgen

tina;

Cass

ava–

Cost

a Rica

; Mai

ze–A

rgen

tina;

Pota

toes

–Arg

entin

a; R

ice–U

ru-

guay

; Sor

ghum

–Arg

entin

a; So

ybea

ns–B

razil

; and

Whe

at–A

rgen

tina.

c See t

ext f

or de

tails

of de

rivat

ion.

d GDP

/cap

grow

th fo

r Arg

entin

a, Ch

ile, C

olom

bia,

Uru

guay

: impl

icit G

DP ca

p gro

wth

for y

ear 2

000,

obta

ined

by su

btra

ctin

g GDP

grow

th fr

om FM

I Wor

ld Ec

onom

ic Ou

tlook

(May

1999

) to p

opul

atio

n gr

owth

proj

ectio

n fro

m Ec

onom

ic Re

sear

ch Se

rvice

of U

SDA;

for a

ll ot

her c

ount

ries G

DP/c

ap

grow

th is

prox

ied w

ith th

e 199

0-97

grow

th ra

tes f

rom

regr

essio

n es

timat

es; C

uba’s

GDP

grow

th is

take

n to

be eq

ual t

o tha

t of “

Carib

bean

and o

ther

;” GD

P/ca

p gro

wth

is as

sum

ed to

be ze

ro fo

r the

Bah

amas

, Hai

ti, Ja

mai

ca, N

ethe

rland

s Ant

illes

, and

Vene

zuel

a bec

ause

neg

ative

grow

th w

as

foun

d ove

r the

1990

-97 p

erio

d.

h. W

heat


Table S7.3 One percent, country-specifi c shifts, without spillovers

a. Total benefi ts

(continued)


b. Producer benefi ts


(continued)



c. Consumer benefi ts


Table S7.4 One percent, country-specifi c shifts, with spillovers

a. Total benefi ts

(continued)


b. Producer benefi ts


(continued)



c. Consumer benefi ts


a. Benefi ts to the innovating country

Figure S7.1 Total, producer and consumer benefi ts—one percent, country-specifi c shifts, with spillover

(continued)



a. (continued)

(continued)


b. Benefi ts to the sub-region


(continued)



b. (continued)

(continued)


c. Benefi ts to Latin America


(continued)



c. (continued)

Documents

For personal use and non-commercial purposes: permission