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INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA THE COLUMBUS SERUM COMPANY C O L U M B U S , O H I O

The Ohio State University — College of Veterinary Medicine

The SPECULUMVOLUME XVIII FALL,

Editor Bruce Briggs

Publication Staff Associate Editors

Barbara Stein Jon Ellis

Staff Members Fred Birk Dennis Lehman Dale Duerr Paul Stull Tom Deters Joe Wagner Dorothea Freitas Charles Wallace Bob Fritz David Zipf

Contributors Richard Bohning Joe Rieger Richard Koritansky R. C. Smith

Joyce Dill

ADVERTISING STAFF Manager—Tom Fox

Dale Duerr

CIRCULATION STAFF Manager—Dale Duerr

PHOTOGRAPHER Dennis Lehman

FACULTY ADVISORY BOARDDR. R. W. REDDING—Chairman

DR. W. R. KRILL, DR. P. W. MURDICK

? ^ E SPECULUM is a quarterly publication of The Ohio vr University College of Veterinary Medicine. It is

Published by the students for the dissemination of news to the alumni, faculty, students, and other interested Persons. Contributions are welcomed but we reserve the nght to edit the material.

FALL, 1964

1964 NUMBER 1

IN THIS ISSUE;

FEATURES PAGE

Better Than Cats 5

Expansion into New Fields Marks

Growth of Veterinary Profession 20

An Evaluation of Analeptic Agents 14

Bovine Virus Diarrhea 21

COLLEGE NEWS

Student A.V.M.A. News 8

Alumni News 9

A.V.M.A. Auxiliary News 11

Morris Animal Foundation

Research Fellows 16

Omega Tau Sigma News 24

Alpha Psi News 26

DEPARTMENT

Across the Dean's Desk 3

You're the Doctor 6

Cover Photo: see article, page 5.

"Doctor, please use the very best!" How much is a dog worth to a ten-year-old boy? His dog is worth the best vaccine you can use. With 'Enduracell,' the many unique advantages of the stable cell line are put to work to help you provide trouble-free protection. The stable cell line medium makes each dose, each serial of 'Enduracell' genetically related to all other doses and serials. The result is exceptional uniformity and reliability that won't let you down when the "very best" is the very least you and your client will accept.

Enduracell Norden Laboratories, Inc.

canine distemper/hepatitis vaccine Lincoln, Nebraska Subsidiary of Smith Kline & French Laboratories

modified live virus, canine tissue culture origin The SPECULUM

Across the

DEAN'S DESK

I would be exceedingly remiss if at the very beginning I did not express my sincere appreciation to the many loyal alumni who responded so promptly and generously to my appeal for support of The Speculum fund. Checks began com­ing in two days after this letter was mailed, and are still being received at the rate of two or three checks daily. Neither The Speculum staff nor those on the faculty realized how much this publication meant to our alumni. Now we have ample evidence from your prompt response and the many fine comments accompanying your contribu­tion. This should be a real stimulus to The Speculum staff, knowing how much their efforts are being appreciated.

There is still time to contribute so any of you who may have mislaid the letter can still send in your check.

During the past summer, I had the opportunity to meet and visit with many of you during the AVMA meeting. Many expressed the wish that we might have a night set aside for alumni gatherings such as we used to do in years past. I can assure you that Mrs. Krill and I miss these occasions for meeting with our alumni and former students and wish that some time could be set aside during our annual meetings for the Deans of the respective schools to keep the alumni informed as to the activities at their alma mater. True, the AVMA

FALL, 1964

is getting bigger each year, but we must never let bigness interfere with some of the niceties and intimacies which have meant so much to the schools, the members of the profession and in turn our national organization. I do not intend the above as criticism but instead that it may stimulate some thought and perhaps action toward re­storing a personal touch to our national meeting which is rapidly disappearing.

Since my last communication to you in the Spring issue of The Speculum, I feel that there has been some definite improvement in the development of our new veterinary hospital. Money has been released for the planning of our new building, however the actual funds for building have not as yet been ap­propriated. Rather definite assurance has been given that this will have top priority at the coming legislative ses­sion. Architects have been assigned and preliminary meetings have started on the planning. We are hopeful that the actual building may be initiated within a year.

There is a distinct possibility that for a year or so while our new hospital is being constructed that the hospital operation may be moved into a tempor­ary facility, provided an adequate facil­ity can be provided, with necessary built-in safety factors and teaching facilities which would not interfere

with our continued teaching program. The final answer will be determined by the cost and practicability of such a move. The reason for such a temporary move is to make room for other Campus building for which money has been ap­propriated by the Board of Regents, which on the University Master Plan are to be located where the hospital buildings now stand.

Lest this may cause some alarm, let me assure you that no temporary move will be made until adequate facilities are provided to meet our teaching needs and the permanent hospital is definitely assured. For this we have Administra­tion support. The next few years will be most interesting and we need your full support and good wishes.

The entering class this fall consisted of 80 students selected from a list of 255 applicants. This is the largest class to be admitted to our college for at least fifty years. The quality is excellent and many potentially good applicants had to be denied admission. We are looking forward to the time when we can ad­mit a new class every nine months, hav­ing five classes progressing toward a degree concurrently, but only four classes on the Campus in any quarter. This means year-round use of facilities but each class has a three month vaca­tion at the end of each nine month class work. Perhaps in the next issue of The Speculum I can illustrate this program more in detail. The speeded-up program will not be initiated until there is assur­ance of the new hospital facilities and about a one-third increase in faculty. Some veterinary schools have already adopted a speeded-up program, and all must use their expensive facilities to a much greater degree of efficiency if we are to produce the trained professional personnel to meet future needs.

With All Good Wishes for a Happy Holiday Season and the Best of Health for the New Year, I remain

Waiter R. JUi

VETERINARIAN FILM WINS AWARD

'The Gentle Doctor", a film sponsored by the Gaines Dog Research Center, New York, has received a "Chris" award at the 12th Annual Film Festival held by the Film Council of Greater Columbus. The film, which saluted the nation's veterinarians on the occasion of the centennial of the American Vet­erinary Medical Association, won top honors in the special film category for excellence in story line, photography, and production.

Announcement of the award was made by Donald F. Prugh, president of the Film Council, which issues awards in recognition of outstanding films in the documentary, educational and train­ing fields. The "Chris" is comparable to the "Oscar" and "Emmy" awards granted in the movie and television in­dustries.

Narrated by Burgess Meredith, film, stage and television star, "The Gentle Doctor" depicts the history of veterin­ary medicine since before the time of Christ, down to and including the de­velopment of new soft-moist dog foods.

The film, in 16mm. with sound and running 25 minutes, is available for public showings without charge, save for shipping charges. Groups interested in the film should communicate with the Gaines Dog Research Center at 250 Park Avenue, New York, 10017.

EDITORIAL We of The Speculum staff wish to

thank all of the friends and alumni of the O.S.U. Veterinary College for your generous contributions to The Specu­lum Fund. At the present time, dona­tions are approaching the two thous­and dollar mark and are still being re­ceived. We are grateful for your sup­port and will strive to make this publi­cation worthy of your enthusiasm. Any suggestions as to how we may be able to improve our publication would be graciously accepted.

The SPECULUM

Better Than Cats BY J. L. WAGNER, VET. MED II

During the past year, this author has been working with a project which may help solve some of the problems facing farmers, veterinarians and even har­rassed city officials. Yes, the problem is with birds. For the most part, this discussion will be concerned with the starling, a common bird in the United States.

The project mentioned above is being conducted by Dr. Maurice Giltz, Asso­ciate Profesor of Zoology and Entomol­ogy at the Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Experiment Sta­tion. Dr. Giltz's main objective is to find some method by which farmers might protect their crops from the tremend­ous damage resulting from the Red-winged Blackbird. The method employed by Dr. Giltz is better than using cats. He utilizes a Decoy Trap which was developed by John L. Linehan who is asociated with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Delaware Agricul­ture Experiment Station, Newark, Dela­ware.

The trap is made from one inch mesh chicken wire and measures 25 ft. x 50 ft. and is six ft. high. It is completely en­closed with the one inch mesh covering the top except for a strip of 2 x 4 inch welded turkey wire (a Fig. 1) extending fifteen ft. long and 2 ft. wide, located directly in the center of the top. The birds enter through "a" Fig. 1 by drop­ping through the openings. However, the birds are unable to fly out due to the openings being too small to accom­modate their spread wings. They are attracted to this trap by food, water and other birds which are maintained inside the trap to act as decoys. When the ground is covered with snow, the trap works most effectively due mainly to the scarcity of food.

Once the birds are caught, an attend­ent enters the door "b" Fig. 1 and flushes the birds to the east end of the

FALL, 1964

trap. From here they are shuttled around the end of a wire baffle "c" Fig. 1 and are introduced into holding cages awaiting for them at "d" Fig. 1. The attendent then closes a sliding trap door "e" Fig. 1 which completes the collect­ing of the birds. He then exits the trap through the door "f" Fig. 1. After the birds are in the holding cages, there are many ways to handle the catch.

Dr. Giltz, for instance, attaches alu­minum leg bangs to the birds supplied by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and releases them. By releasing the birds, Dr. Giltz is able to study their habits, life history and migration pat­terns. Some birds have been traced far north into Canada and as far south as Florida. It has been learned that the starling, as well as migrating north and south, migrates east and west as well.

The city of Syracuse New York found another use for the traps, as well as the birds. Their purpose was to help elimi­nate the number of starlings which were inhabiting their downtown buildings. They set up three of the previously de­scribed traps. Two were located on city dumps where the birds were feeding in the early morning and one was con­structed on top of a municipal building. The traps were baited with stale bread, water, and about 30 previously caught birds. After three months of operation, Syracuse had destroyed 50,000 star­lings. Euthanasia was performed by in­troducing CO or H2S gas into plastic bags containing the birds. All protected song birds were removed from the holding cages and released prior to euthanasia.

Another use for such a trap would be in studying parasites, bacteria, and viruses carried or transmitted by these migratory wild birds. With the recent increase in the occurrence of encephalo­myelitis in man, which is believed to be caused by arbo virus, it is important to

find out whether or not these migratory wild birds are reservoir hosts. The De­coy Trap would enable investigators to examine thousands of birds monthly for the virus.

Certainly the Decoy Trap is not the complete solution to the bird problem. However, this author does believe that the Decoy Trap is the most effective and most economical means employed to date. The cost of such a trap is less than $80.00. Dr. Giltz has trapped over 100,000 birds in the past year. If each city in Ohio had two of these traps and each caught 50,000 birds in three months, one can visualize what could be accomplished to control the starling population.

YOU'RE THE DOCTOR BY BOB FRITZ, VET. MED. II

Case One. You are called as a consultant to

examine a three-year-old Holstein cow which has shown severe depres­sion for the last three days. The cow has been fresh for three weeks, and hasn't been eating well since then. The condition was diagnosed as keto­sis three days ago and she was treat­ed with i.v. dextrose, and corticos­teroids. Two days ago, it was noticed that she was passing very little fecal material, so a large dose of milk of magnesia was administered. The cow has had a fetid, brownish diarrhea since last evening. On physical exami­nation, you find that when pressure is applied to the withers or ventral abdomen, in the reticular area, she shows signs of abdominal pain. There is little rumen motility. Oral examina­tion reveals nothing abnormal. Her skin is dry and tight and her eyes are sunken. Her abdomen is symetric­ally distended. In the right paralum­bar fossa, a pinging sound can be heard on precussion and a splashing sound can be heard when ballottment is employed. The cow strains repeat­edly at irregular intervals of a min­ute or less.

The questions: 1. What additional procedure would

you employ in attempting to arrive at a diagnosis?

2. What is the most likely diagnosis? 3. How urgent is the treatment of

this case? 4. List all treatments. 5. Prognosis?

Case Two. You have been treating several

horses for the RSD stable, and espec­ially a three year old colt, Jack Pine, which is a known "bleeder". When Jack races, it is necessary to admin­ister a hemostatic agent that will temporarily control this condition. Jack's last race was very poor and according to the trainer he didn't run any part of it. Jack's general condi­tion and soundness is considered to be good and this is why he is expected to run well. The trainer told you Jack came off the race feeling normal and is baffled by the horse's poor showing.

The horse was walked two days after his race, all the while eating, acting and looking fine. The third day, he was galloped one mile real easy. The trainer said Jack pulled up fine and cooled out normally after the gal­lop. However, when he was put back in his stall, he started blowing (dyspnea) as if he had just worked a mile and the trainer immediately got him back on the walking ring. During the second round, Jack Pine dropped dead.

You were called to perform ne­cropsy and expected to find massive internal hemorrhage knowing his his­tory as a "bleeder", however, there was no hemorrhage. Upon further examination, you found that the peri­cardium was covered with fibrinous deposits, giving it a roughened ap­pearance, which causes a friction murmur occurring with the heart beats. This murmur possibly could have been noticed when Jack was still alive. What is your diagnosis and probable cause of death?

(Answers on page 28)

The SPECULUM

: 1 P | if'>',''. • " / ^ ! ' . . • . i i ' - ' . • , , , . • • ' • • . - . ' •!; : r - - v - ' t • • • , • ; . - • • . • . • • • ' .- . - ...- . - > - . ,

ANIMALDISEASES

Knock t out of the park! No time to check all products. The modern Veterinarian can always fely on the ethical com­panies to supply him with products of known value ind efficiency.

Big enough to serve you, small enough to know you.

GRAIN BELT SUPPLY CO. Kenton, Ohio 130 Detroit Street

STUDENT A.V.M.A. NEWS BY DOROTHEA L. FREITAS, VET. MED. II

The Student Chapter of the AVMA is again looking forward to a year of educational and social activities. Serving with the new President, Asa Mays, are: President-Elect Jay Richardson; Vice-President George Bishop; Secretary Dottie Freitas; and Treasurer Dean Kraus. Dr. Herbert Topp, the past President, and his officers certainly set a high standard for us to maintain. The new officers sincerely hope that we can do as well. We are going to try to stimu­late more interest in the organization by the students and faculty. We also are attempting to improve the public image and relationships of the Veteri­narian. Many people do not seem to un­derstand what the Veterinarian does besides treating animals and giving "shots".

To help us achieve this latter objec­tive, we have organized a Public Rela­tions Committee. Paul Stull and Dennis Lehman, as co-chairmen, attended a Public Relations Conference at Purdue University October 9-11. They returned with many new ideas which will be use­ful not only throughout the year, but also for Pre-Vet Day. A Speaker's Bur­eau has also been initiated. With Jim Ross and Fred Birk serving as co-chair­men, students will volunteer to speak on various aspects of Veterinary Medicine to interested groups in Franklin County. If the program is successful, we hope to expand to include the whole state in the near future. Jay Richardson has started work on a booth for the Ohio State Fair.

President Mays attended the Annual AVMA Convention in Chicago, Illinois, on July 19-23. He found it to be very interesting and educational. The conven­tion proved to be an excellent oppor­tunity to communicate with represen­tatives of the other Student AVMA Chapters. He was able to make sugges­tions on how we solved some of our problems and they, in return, gave us some wonderful ideas on how to improve

our local organization. Some of these are already being put to use and results seem to be excellent thus far.

The first function of the quarter was the Annual Fall Picnic which was held on October 7 at the Park of Roses. The shelter house was full, as usual. The Chapter provided roast beef, potato chips, baked beans, ice cream, and bever­age. The student wives provided relishes, salads, and desserts.

The first meeting was held on October 14. Mr. Bob Moore, manager of Darby Dan Farms, was the speaker. He also showed a movie depicting the history of Darby Dan. The second meeting on October 28 featured Mr. Larry Adams of the U.S. Trotting Association. Mr. Adams provided some very interesting literature and showed a movie on how Standardbreds are trained for the track. On November 11, Basketball Coach Fred Taylor reported the progress of the OSU Team for this year. He was an unusual speaker who, for the time being, re­minded us that there are some things going on which are outside the realm of Veterinary Medicine. Our final meeting of the quarter, December 2, found Cap­tain Donald Grider of the U.S. Army with us. All of our speakers were very interesting and there was enough varie­ty to appeal to every taste.

Dick Marshall, chairman of Pre-Vet Day has begun planning for this big event on our calendar. We hope to make this the biggest and best Pre-Vet Day ever. We would greatly appreciate any suggestions which you in thefield may have. Please send them to Mr. Marshall at Sisson Hall.

Americans are eating more than ever before in history. As a result the pro­duction of meat in the United States ex­ceeded 30 billion pounds in 1963, a rec­ord high.

According to the National Live Stock and Meat Board, per capita consumption of all meat during 1963 totaled 170 pounds, including 95 pounds of beef, 65 pounds of pork, five pounds of veal, and five pounds of lamb.

The SPECULUM 8

ALUMNI NEWSBY DENNIS LEHMAN, VET. MED. IV AND CHUCK WALLACE, VET. MED. Ill

1917 Dr. R. A. Hendershott, Trenton, New

Jersey, attended the breakfast meeting of the Committee on Program and Policy of the U. S. Livestock Sanitary Association, July 20, in Chicago.

1923 Dr. Ernest H. Patchen, Milford, Con­

necticut veterinarian was elected to Gamma Sigma Delta, Honor Society of Agriculture, Connecticut Chapter, at the annual banquet. Dr. Patchen is in general practice and is also veterinar­ian for the New England Selective Breeding Association. He is active in many organizations and is former Sec­retary and treasurer of the Connecti­cut Veterinary Association and a past president of the New England Veteri­nary Medical Association.

1930 Dr. C. K. Mingle has been re-elected

to represent Regulatory Medicine on the AVMA Council Education.

1938 Dr. F. J. Kingman is now head of

the Veterinary New Drug Branch of the Division of Veterinary Medicine of the Food and Drug Administration.

1939 Dr. Sigmund T. Rich has recently

been elected president of the Medical Research Association of California.

Dr. Waldo Milton Niswander of Bluff-ton, Ohio died May 31, 1964 at the age of 76. Dr. Niswander died only two months after his retirement after 51 years as a veterinarian. He was active in many community organizations and veterinary associations. He was the last surviving charter member of Omega Tau Sigma at Ohio State University.

FALL, 1964

1942 Dr. R. F. Baker, Criderville, Ohio, was

elected president of the Industrial Vet­erinarian's Association at its meeting during the 1964 AVMA Convention in Chicago.

1943 Dr. A. A. Erdmann has been elected

to the Council on Public Health and Regulatory Veterinary Medicine of the AVMA. Dr. Erdmann is chief veteri­narian of the Wisconsin State Depart­ment of Agriculture.

1945 Dr. C. L. Campbell, Tallahassee, Flori­

da, attended the breakfast meeting of the Committee on Program and Policy of the U. S. Livestock Sanitary Associ­ation, July 20, in Chicago.

Dr. H. E. Amstutz, Director of Vet­erinary Clinics, Purdue University, presented a paper on prolapse of the sole at the Illrd International Meeting on Diseases of Cattle held in Copenhag­en, Denmark, August 21-23, by the World Association of Buiatrics. Dr. Amstutz also read a paper on the enzy­matic aspect of legume bloat which had been prepared by Dr. R. E. Nichols of Wisconsin.

1946 Dr. M. A. Custer, San Diego, Califor­

nia, described and illustrated an extra­capsular technique of cataract removal at the meeting of the American Society of Veterinary Ophthalmology held during the 1964 AVMA Convention.

Dr. Martin Hines, Raleigh, North Carolina, has been appointed to the Ad­visory Committee to AMA Council on Rural Health.

1948 Dr. H. R. Smith now heads the Vet­

erinary Medical Review Branch of the Division of Veterinary Medicine of the Food and Drug Administration.

Dr. H. Lincoln Easterbrooks, Oxford, Pennsylvania, has been named director of research and development of Agri-Tech, Inc. He will be responsible for Agri-Tech's program of expanding clini­cal research, the development of new products for the veterinary field, and professional veterinary services to be rendered by the company.

1951 Dr. Paul H. Kramer who received his

degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medi­cine from Ohio State University in 1951 has been assigned ADE Veterinarian in Charge, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Kram­er, who calls Centerburg, Ohio his home, entered private practice in Mt. Vernon after graduation. Since 1955 he has served in Federal Service in Ohio, Georgia, and Illinois. He is married and has three children.

Dr. Joseph V. McAlpin has recently been assigned Assistant ADE Veterinar­ian in Charge, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. McAlpin was born in Bainbridge, Ohio, but claims Columbus, Ohio as his home. After his graduation from Ohio State in 1951, he entered Federal Serv­ice and has done work in Ohio and Ken­tucky. He is married and has a daugh­ter and a son.

1957 Dr. P. L. Dieterlen and Mrs. Janet

White Dieterlen (OSU '57 edu) are proud parents of a baby girl, Laurie Ann, born June 12, 1964.

1959 Dr. Gordon Hubbell, Crandon Park

Zoo, Miami, Florida, was elected secre­tary-treasurer of the American Associ­ation of Zoo Veterinarians at its annual meeting in Chicago during the AVMA Convention.

1960 Dr. James C. Strayer, formerly of

Jackson Center, Ohio, is now at 1403 E. Bogart Street, Sandusky, Ohio.

THEY SERVED WELL Dr. Edward J. Calph ('06), 84, St.

Paul, Minnesota, died June 28, 1964. For more than 50 years Dr. Calph serv­ed USDA's Bureau of Animal Industry (now Agricultural Research Service), residing in St. Paul. He was a member of the National Association of Federal Veterinarians.

Dr. Floyd H. Hixson ('14), 73, Green­field, Ohio, died June 27, 1964. Dr. Hix­son had practiced in the Greenfield area for 33 years before retiring in 1945 because of failing health. He was a member of the county board of educa­tion for 10 years.

Dr. D. C. Priestly ('14), 72, Gallipolis, Ohio, died July 2, 1964. Dr. Priestly, a well-known Gallia County veterinarian, had served the area for 50 years. He was an inspector for the Ohio State De­partment of Agriculture.

Dr. Robert D. Green ('16), 69, Oma­ha, Nebraska, died June 26, 1964, after an extended illness. Dr. Green had re­cently retired as veterinarian in charge of the animal disease eradication branch of the USDA in Omaha, after 48 years of government service. He had served in Omaha since 1939.

Dr. Emmett K. Le Dune ('29), 64, Sullivan, Indiana, died July 26, 1964. He had been a large animal practition­er in Sullivan County for 26 years. Dr. Le Dune was a past-president of the Indiana V.M.A.

Dr. Francis S. Mitchell ('41), 54, Car­rollton, Ohio, died on August 23, 1964 after suffering a sudden heart seizure. Dr. Mitchell was the official veterinar­ian for Carrol County and had practic­ed in the county for the past 22 years.

Dr. Christian B. Bjornson ('45), 57, Fargo, North Dakota, died on June 18, 1964. Dr. Bjornson was on the faculty of the North Dakota State University and was serving as secretary of the North Dakota V.M.A. at the time of his death. Prior to moving to North Dako­ta, he had managed the Norden Labora­tories facility at Grand Island, Nebras­ka.

The SPECULUM 10

Dr. David W. McCauley ('60), 34, Canton, Ohio, died July 4, 1964. Dr. McCauley was a small animal practi­tioner. He had practiced in Canton for 4 years.

Dr. John Thomas Gruber, 81, died on July 26, 1964. Dr. Gruber was from Marion, Ohio.

Dr. Lincoln P. Hedeman ('41), 52, assistant chief of biological products section of the Michigan State Health Department, died October 25 of a heart attack. A native of Akron, Ohio, Dr. Hedeman joined the Michigan Health Department as a veterinary pathologist in 1946 after serving five years on the staff at Michigan State University School of Veterinary Medicine as an as­sistant professor of surgery and medi­cine.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS 1943

Lt. Col. Ralph D. Walters from 5224 Central Ave., Western Springs, Illinois to 4608 Rainbow Rd., Montgomery, Ala­bama 36105.

1946 Lt. George E. Ritter from 2590

Ruhl Ave., Columbus, Ohio to 167th Medical Detachment VFI, APO 154, New York, New York.

1955 Dr. Theodore P. Kistner from Box

237 New Market, Indiana to 290 Forest Road, Athens, Georgia 30601.

Dr. Harold F. Bloom from 3216 Hayes Ave., Sandusky, Ohio to 3515 Manches­ter Rd., Akron, Ohio 44319.

1958 Dr. William J. Palte from 47 N. Lin­

coln St., Minster, Ohio to R.R. #4, Wapakoneta, Ohio 45895.

1964 Dr. Edwin C. Johnson from 989 Sells

Ave., Columbus, Ohio to 2260 Richmond Rd., Cleveland, Ohio.

To Insure Receiving YourSpeculum Please Notify The

Circulation Department of AnyChange In Address

AVMA AUXILIARY NEWS BY JOYCE DILL

After a summer of fun, working, and planning, the Ladies Auxiliary is off again, headed for a successful year.

The summer's activities were high­lighted by three main events. The first was a luncheon at Mrs. Wearly's home for old and new officers; the second oc­curred when our president, Karen Mays, represented the group at the National AVMA Convention. Lastly, several of the members appeared on "Quick As A Wink" on WTVN-TV. Sharon Kantzer and Karen Mays were selected to repre­sent the group on the panel of this program and won $70 for our treasury. Several lucky girls in the audience also won prizes.

The first meeting of the quarter was held October 13th in the form of a tea honoring all new students' wives. Dr. Wearly gave a helpful and inspiring talk on "The Ideal Veterinarian's Wife." Dean and Mrs. Krill were also present to give a cheery welcome.

Once again this year, members will be selling candy and candles. Also, the group is undertaking a series of charity projects which will require the efforts of all members.

The November 10th meeting proved to be very interesting as Dr. Geroge A. Kukor, state AVMA Public Relations chairman, spoke to the Auxiliary. The December meeting consisted of the an­nual gay Christmas party.

It is hoped that all members, old and new, will attend all meetings and enjoy the advantages of the many interesting social and educational programs which have been planned.

In 1963, the number of cattle in the U.S. reached a record high of 106.5 million head, up 3 per cent over the previous year.

At the same time, milk cows and heifers two years old and older dropped 3 per cent and, with 18.1 million head, reached the lowest number since 1905.

FALL, 1964 11

Morris Animal Foundation Research Fellows

Four Morris Animal Foundation Research Fellows, who conducted studies at The Ohio State University during the last year, are shown at the Foundation's annual conference in Denver where each presented a verbal progress report on his individual study. Left to right, Dr. Michael W. Rohovsky, Dr. Milton Wyman, R. Barry Prynn, and Dr. Larry A. Nagode.

Four researchers from the veterinary school of Ohio State University reported on studies sponsored by the Morris Ani­mal Foundation at the annual confer­ence of the Foundation in Denver June 22.

The four included Dr. Larry A. Nagode, "A Study of Enzymes in Canine Neoplasia," Dr. Michael W. Rohovsky, 'The Germfree Cat as a Re­search Tool," Dr. Milton Wyman, "A Study of Ocular Fundus Changes in Ex­perimentally and Naturally Occurring Canine Distemper," and R. Barry Prynn, "Electroencephalographic Analy­sis of Canine Encephalitides."

Following the report meeting, the trustees voted to support studies at Ohio State next year including: "Quan­titation of Renal Function in Canine Chronic Interstitial Nephritis," Dr.

Thomas E. Powers, responsible investi­gator ; "Electroencephalographic Analy­sis of Canine Encepalitides, Phase II," Dr. R. W. Redding, responsible investi­gator; "A Study of Enzymes in Canine Neoplasia, Phase II," Dr. Walter J. Fra­jola, responsible investigator; and "The Germfree Cat as a Research Tool, Phase II" Dr. Richard A. Griesemer, respon­sible investigator.

In addition to the supervision by a re­sponsible investigator, each project will also include a Research Fellow, either graduate or undergraduate, whose edu­cation will be furthered by the project.

A total of 23 research projects at uni­versities of the country were approved by the Foundation, representing a wide range in veterinary medicine, with 17 in canine medicine, 4 in feline medicine and 2 in equine medicine.

The SPECULUM 12

trichlorfon \JAir-X\AJ3 BOLUS

JL. tf. . TUBE FORMULA

gives the most effective, most complete action of all leading equine anthelmintics

GRANULES for utmost conveniencein administration

trichlorfon CONTRAINDICATIONS: Concurrent use with other cholinergic drugs and in mares heavy with foal. SIDE EFFECTS: May produce cholinergic symptoms. Fort Dodge Laboratories, Fort Dodge, Iowa

FALL, 1964 13

An Evaluation of Analeptic Agents BY R. C. SMITH, VETERIKAKV MEDICINE III AND

JOSEPH E. RIEGER, VnptiNARY MEDICINE III

Editor's note: This study was done through the co-operation and assistance of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the re­search was supported, in part, by grant-in-aid frovi the Central Ohio Heart Association. Mr. Smith was a Summer Research Fellow of the Central Ohio Heart Association.

Part of our work this past summer involved evaluating the effects of five commonly used analeptic agents on both the respiratory minute volume (tidal volume times rate) and cerebral cortical activity of dogs under anesthesia. Ana­leptic agents involved were:

1. Amphetasol (amphetamine sul­fate)

2. Metrazol (pentylenetetrazol) 3. Mikedimide (3, 3-methylethylglu­

tarimide) 4. Coramine (mikethamide), (pyri­

dine-beta-carboxylic acid diethy­lamide)

5. Picrotoxin This study was done in two parts.

Initially, dogs were placed under surgi­cal anesthesia with pentobarbital sod­ium. Their respiratory rates and tidal volumes were monitered by attaching the animals to a Sanborn Metabolator.* After obtaining a control record, an analeptic was administered intraven­ously at the recommended dosage, and changes in respiratory rate and tidal

volume were recorded. This procedure was repeated for each analeptic drug on six different dogs, and the results aver­aged. In the following table these re­sults are presented and expressed as the average per cent change in minute volume as compared to the control (measured prior to the administration of the analeptic agents).

In the second phase of the study the dogs were placed under surgical ane­sthesia with an eight lead electroen­cephalograph and pneumograph attach­ed.** Then while monitoring cerebral cortical activity and respiratory rate and depth, the dogs were anesthetized further to a state of severe cerebral cor­tical depression with resulting decrease in respiratory rate and depth. Control recordings were taken at this point, and an analeptic agent was then admin­istered intravenously. Cerebral cortical activity and respiratory rate and depth were recorded before, immediately af­ter, and fifteen minutes after admini­stration of the analeptics. This proced­ure was repeated for each analeptic agent on two different dogs, and the results averaged. In the following table these results are expressed as per cent change in minute volume compared to the control, and also as relative activity of the cerebral cortex compared to the control.

TABLE I

CONTROL

Rate Tidal Volume

Minute Volume

AmphetamineMetrazol

9.1 11.7

287.4 169.5

2131.6 1551.5

Mikedimide 10.6 251.3 2458.1 Coramine 12.9 191.0 2461.0 Picrotoxin 14.8 232.0 2874.0

14

AFTER ANALEPTIC c/( Change

Tidal Minute Increase Rate Volume Volume in Minute

Volume

14.4 252.6 3164.0 148.4% 13.9 187.0 2327.5 150.0% 19.3 241.3 4671.2 190.0% 18.2 196.0 3570.0 145.0% 17.2 263.0 3846.0 133.8%

The SPECULUM

Upon examination of the information presented in Tables I and II, it appears that each agent tested had some stimu­latory effect on respiratory minute vol­ume, if not on cerebral cortical activity. It is the opinion of the authors that, of the five drugs tested, Mikedimide (3, 3­methylethylglutarimide) is the agent of choice when the primary objective is to increase respiratory minute volume and cerebral cortical activity. (It should be pointed out that Mikedimide show­ed a significant increase in cortical ac­tivity just fourteen seconds after in­jection).

As an adjunct to this study we at­tempted to evaluate the effects, if any, of oxygen when used as an "analeptic". When the desired state of depression was reached, as indicated by the electro­encephalogram, 100% oxygen was ad­ministered with a Seeler resuscitator. No significant increase in cortical ac­tivity was observed. Respiratory data was not collected since the resuscitator controls the animal's respiration. It was found that the animal could be

maintained with oxygen at its present state of depression without danger of death due to anoxia while the anesthe­tic agent was being detoxified by the animal's body. From this we conclude that oxygen, while it cannot truly be classified as an analeptic, is an effec­tive life sustaining agent when proper­ly used.

In summary, we have shown that at least four of the five analeptics given to dogs in deep surgical anesthesia or depressed to a moribund state with sod­ium pentobarbital increased respiratory minute volume adequately to maintain life. Further, we emphasize the value of assisted respiration with 100% oxy­gen as a most important feature in re­versing pentobarbital toxicosis.

*Sanborn Metabulator, Model 10Sanborn CompanyCambridge, Mass.

**Hamlin, R. L., Redding, R. W., Rieger, Joseph, R. C., and Prynn, R. Barry: Observa­tions on the Clinical Insignificance of the "Glucose Effect" in Dogs Anesthetized with Sodium Pentobarbital.

TABLE II

Amphetamine Metrazol Mikedimide Coramine Picrotoxin

Rate

6 24 18 15 12

CONTROL

Tidal Volume

24 8

25 25 19

Minute Volume

144 192 450 375 228

AFTER ANALEPTIC

Rate

13.5 30 36

6 12

Tidal Volume

23 15 32.5 20 19

Minute Volume

310.5 450

1170 120 228

c/c Change From

ControlMinute Volume

208% 234% 260%

65% 0%

Cerebral Cortical Activity

* ** *** —

same activity as control slight increase in activity moderate increase in activity very marked increase in activity slight increase after 15 minutes

FALL, 1964 15

I

FACULTY NEWSBY BARBARA STEIN, VET. MED. Ill AND DOROTHEA FREITAS, VET. MED. II

Dl • f

huSioloauafmctcotoau

and l^nDr. Hamlin spent the month of Sep­tember at the Sandoz Laboratory in Basle, Switzerland, where he present­ed a seminar on Comparative Electro­cardiography.

In July, 1964, Drs. Powers and Ham­lin completed a three week Biometrics Course at Harvard.

Drs. Smith, Hamlin, and Smetzer have been awarded three Central Ohio Heart Association grants for 1964-65. The titles are:

"Evaluation of Spatial Magnitude and Spatial Velocity Electrocardio­grams in Humans and Dogs."

"New Method of Studying Myocardial Contractility."

"Cardiovascular S o u n d s in the Horse."

A new Mark Morris grant-in-aid, "Quantitation of Renal Function in Ca­nine Interstitial Nephritis", has been awarded to Dr. Powers. Two Fellows have been appointed: John Bensen­haver and Bob Candon.

Dr. Redding has also received a new Mark Morris grant-in-aid, "Electroen­cephalographic Analysis of Canine En­cephalitides". One Fellow, Barry Prynn, has been appointed.

Dr. Smith has been reappointed to the Council on Research for 1964-69. He has also received an appointment to the Advisory Board of the Morris Ani­mal Foundation.

Drs. Smith and Smetzer attended the American Physiological Society meet­ing at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. Smith presented a paper entitled "Second Degree A-V Block in the Horse", September, 1964.

A postdoctoral NIH Fellowship for 1964-65 was awarded to Dr. Smetzer.

Drs. Smetzer and Hamlin attended the American Heart Association meet­ings in Atlantic City, New Jersey, on October 22-24.

Dr. Hamlin spoke to the Mercer County Heart Association and the Van Wert Heart Association in September in behalf of the Central Ohio Heart As­sociation.

Mrs. Merridy Hoover has resigned as secretary to Drs. Smith and Hamlin and moved to Wilmington, Ohio, where her husband is enrolled in Wilmington Col­lege. Her position has been assumed by Mrs. Sharon Tewksbury.

Tnatomu This past summer, Drs. Diesem,

Horowitz, Latshaw, and Venzke attend­ed a meeting of the American Associa­tion of Anatmists at Purdue Univer­sity.

Drs. Horowitz and Venzke attended the National AVMA Convention held in Chicago, while Dr. Latshaw attended a Nutrition Symposium held at Iowa State University.

Congratulations are in order for Dr. Horowitz who completed the require­ments for the Doctor of Philosophy this Autumn Quarter.

ll ~Swnimal

eclicine Dr. Whiteus discussed problems in

hospital management at the September meeting of the Michiana Veterinary Medical Association at South Bend, Indiana and the October meeting of the Metropolitan New Jersey Veterinary Medical Association at Newark, New Jersey.

The SPECULUM 16

p.revenhue eaicine

Dr. John Helwig attended a five day meeting at the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, Georgia for teachers of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. President Fawcett has recently appointed Dr. Helwig on his Advisory Committee on Continuing Education.

Dr. David Jones participated in the Meat Hygiene Seminar that was spon­sored by the United States Meat Inspec­tion Division and held in Chicago, Illi­nois. Dr. Jones has recently been ap­pointed as Vice-Chairman of the Uni­versity Committee on Health Educa­tion.

Dr. James Payne on leave from the Federal Meat Inspection Division, com­pleted the requirements for his Master of Science degree in the Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and has recently rejoined the Meat Inspection Division in Kansas City. His immediate duties deal with the development of a station training program.

Dr. James Libby has been appointed as an Instructor in the Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine. He is also on leave with the Federal Meat Inspection Division and will be training in the department during the next two years.

Dr. Rex D. Buller and Thomas A. Wittick will present a Dairy Herd Health Management short course on December 9 and 10, 1964.

Dr. Phillip Linerode spent two weeks in the Army Medical Research Labora­tory at Fort Knox.

IIV [icrobiolon Dr. Erwin Kohler is assisting Veteri­

nary Microbiology Department in the area of Clinical Microbiology.

The N.I.H. for the Study of Blood Parasites has awarded Dr. Julius Kreier a grant. The emphasis is on the etio­logy of diseases and immunological re­sponses of the host.

FALL, 1964

Mr. Wilfred Ball of the Zoology De­partment is carrying on his Doctor of Philosophy thesis research in the De­partment of Veterinary Microbiology. His problem is the effect of Malaria in­fection on erythrocyte survival and bone marrow function. He is using iso­topic tracer methods.

J circinsitolo

Dr. F. R. Koutz attended the Sixty-eighth Annual Meeting of the United States Livestock Sanitary Association at the Peabody Hotel, Memphis, Ten­nessee, October 20-23, 1964. While there, he presided as Chairman of the "Committee on Parasitic Diseases and Parasiticides" and presented the com­mittee's report to the Association.

The paper, "Survey of Microfilaria in Ohio Dogs", by H. F. Groves and F. R. Koutz was published in the Journal of the AVMA, Volume 144, 1964.

A paper, "Toxocara canis infection in Pups" by M. W. Scothorn, F. R. Koutz and H. F. Groves, and a book review, "Parasitism" by H. F. Groves are on the press for the Journal of the AVMA.

a y Dr. R. Bruce Heath has joined the

surgery staff in the large animal area. Dr. Heath did his pre-veterinary work at Colorado and obtained his D.V.M. degree at Iowa in 1962. During the past two years, he has served in the U. S. Air Force at Clovis, New Mexico. Dr. Heath's father has been a large animal practitioner for many years in the Bill­ings, Montana, area. Dr. Heath is mar­ried and has two daughters. He is at­tending the Anesthesia Residency pro­gram lectures at University Hospital and plans to do research in anesthesia for his Master's degree.

Dr. Albert A. Gabel attended the an­nual meeting of the American Associa­tion of Veterinary Clinicians held at

17

Purdue University on July 18 and pre­sented the report of the Committee on Post Doctoral Education, of which he was chairman. Dr. Gabel also presented a movie entitled, "The Effects and Pre­vention of Accidental Intracarotid Ar­tery Injection in Domestic Animals" at the Annual A.V.M.A. Convention in Chicago, July 20. He assisted Dr. John Vandeven and Dr. V. L. Tharp in their television demonstration of magnetic removal of foreign bodies from the bo­vine reticulum.

Dr. Paul Pennock is an instructor in the surgery department. He is a native of Lincoln, New Hampshire and receiv­ed his B.S. degree in agriculture from the University of New Hampshire. He graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College in Toronto in 1958 and has been on the staff there. Dr. Pennock spent one year at the University of Queens­land, Australia as a radiologist and re­cently returned from Stockholm, Swed­en, where he was assistant radiologist under Dr. Sten-Erik Olsson of the Royal Veterinary College. While at OSU, Dr. Pennock will be working principally in the field of radiology.

Dr. Gabel presented a talk entitled, "Anesthesia and Miscellaneous Surgi­cal Techniques in Horses" at the Fort Wayne Veterinary Medical Association meeting on October 13. Dr. Gabel also presented a talk entitled, "Equine Ane­sthesia and Surgery" at the Southeast­ern Ohio Academy of Veterinary Medi­cine meeting held in Beverly, Ohio, on November 13. Dr. Gabel has been ap­pointed Section Secretary in the Large Animal Section of the Program Com­mittee for the 1965 annual AVMA Con­vention to be held in Portland, Oregon.

Dr. Subhan Chander Datt has joined the department in participation with the OSU AID-India program. Dr. Datt received his LVP degree from Punjab Royal College of Veterinary Surgery at Veterinary College and attended the University of Bristol, England. He is working toward his Master's degree in veterinary surgery.

Dr. William Roenigk attended a two week nuclear science seminar at Oak Ridge, Tennessee in August. In Sep­tember Dr. Roenigk addressed the Co­lumbus Academy of Veterinary Medi­cine on "Upgrading X-Ray Equipment." "Treatment of Cancer in the Dog and Cat" was presented to the Cleveland Academy of Veterinary Medicine by Dr. Roenigk in October. At Chicago, Dr. Roenigk spoke at the Educators in Veterinary Radiologic Science meeting on "Or tho voltage and Supervoltage Radiation Therapy and Use of Implants in Veterinary Medicine."

/ atnolon Dr. Louis Kasza, Assistant Profes­

sor, has succeeded in establishing two canine cell lines in tissue culture. One cell line was cloned from a single canine thyroid adenocarcinoma cell and has been under cultivation for more than three and a half years. During this time, the cells have been transferred more than 150 times. He also has suc­ceded in establishing a cell line origina­ting from one canine melanoma cell. These cell lines are new tools for isola­tion of new viruses, propagation of ca­nine viruses, and growth of other orga­nisms such as Histoplasma and Toxo­plasma. These discoveries are describ­ed in his recent publication in the American Journal of Veterinary Re­search, Volume 25, pages 1178-1186, 1964.

Professor Koestner presented two seminars at the University of Munich — one entitled "Unusual Neuropatho­logical Conditions in Animals" and the other entitled "Polioencephalomyelitis in Swine in the United States". Dr. Koestner attended the American Asso­ciation of Neuropathologists in Atlan­tic City. He and Dr. Kindig participat­ed in the scientific meeting of the Elec­tron Microscopy Society of America.

Dr. Michael W. Rohovsky presented a paper entitled "Germfree Cat as a Re­search Tool" before the scientific meet-

The SPECULUM 18

ing of the Mark Morris Foundation in Denver.

Dr. Larry Nagode presented a paper before the scientific session of the Mark Morris Foundation in Denver entitled "Enzymes in Canine Neoplasia".

Dr. Walter Loeb is on leave of ab­sence to complete his Ph.D. degree in Veterinary Pathology.

Dr. Gaylord E. McKissick, Assistant Professor, is teaching the Clinical Path­ology course and is serving as Chief of the Division of Clinical Pathology. Dr. McKissick received his B.S. Degree from Westminster College, the V.M.D. and M.S. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, and the Ph.D. degree from Purdue University. His research and publications concern "Coronary Arteriosclerosis in Chickens", "Hog Cholera Virus in Sub-Culturable Leuko­cyte Cell Cultures", "Immunization of Swine Against Hog Cholera Through Exposure to an Aerosol of the Virus". He presented a paper entitled "Lingual Lesions of Hog Cholera" before the American Veterinary Medical Associa­tion convention. Dr. McKissick and his wife Barbara and one son live in Upper Arlington.

Dr. Richard A. Dennis, Dr. Gary R. Johnson, and Dr. Edwin A. Holzinger joined the Department as postdoctoral fellows.

Dr. Dennis received his B.S. and D.V.M. degrees from Texas A and M University. He is initiating a study in the field of immunopathology.

Dr. Johnson gained valuable training and experience in the practice of veteri­nary medicine while serving two years at the Barrett & Sigler Animal Hos­pital. He is engaged in a cooperative in­vestigation with the College of Medi­cine on Human Diseases Produced in Monkeys.

Dr. Holzinger attended Marion Col­lege, Marion, Indiana, and received his D.V.M. degree from Purdue University. He is studying the effects of new vir­uses on germfree dogs.

Dr. John Shadduck, a postdoctoral

research fellow, attended a conference in Cincinnati on the Significance of the Millipore Filter for Modern Research.

Dr. Del Favero and Dr. Pakes receiv­ed their M.S. degrees, and Dr. John Gibson received his Ph.D. degree in Veterinary Pathology.

Professor Clarence R. Cole was elect­ed to membership in The Open Court in recognition of his research achieve­ments and leadership given to veteri­nary medical research. The organiza­tion, active since 1921, evaluates and promotes scholarship in all disciplines. Dr. Cole was elected Chairman of the Membership Committee of the Interna­tional Academy of Pathology, an orga­nization where he continues to serve as a member of the Executive Council. The American Veterinary Medical Associa­tion conducted a symposium on Veteri­nary Education and invited one speak­er from each of the disciplines in the American College of Veterinary Medi­cine. Dr. Cole was invited to represent the teachers of veterinary pathology in the United States and Canada and pre­sented a paper entitled "Teaching of Pathology in the Veterinary Medical Curriculum".

PRACTICEFOR SALE

Eastern veterinarian confined to a wheelchair is looking for a competent young veterinarian to operate his practice. A veterinarian with several years experience is desired. The prac­tice is offered for sale and the real estate (small animal facility) is for rent. Excellent opportunity for de­velopment of dairy and horse prac­tice exists. For particulars contact Dr. Donald W. Hey, Box 450, R.F.D., Webster, Mass.

FALL, 1964 19

EXPANSION INTO NEW FIELDS MARKS

GROWTH OF VETERINARY PROFESSION

During the past eight years the num­ber of veterinarians caring for pet ani­mals has nearly doubled, along with the number of veterinarians specializing in fields such as food production, food hy­giene, civil defense, artificial breeding, and zoo work.

During the same period, however, the number of veterinarians serving the farmer and rancher has slightly declin­ed, together with the number of veteri­narians in government service.

These trends in veterinary medicine, and their significance for the profes­sion's 22,000 members in the United States, were discussed by Dr. Don Spangler, president-elect of the Ameri­can Veterinary Medicial Association.

Addressing the 76th annual conven­tion of the California Veterinary Medi­cal Association, he said that the "virtual explosion of the small animal practi­tioner points up that veterinary medi­cine today is no longer a profession pre­dominantly oriented toward agriculture, but decidedly urban-oriented, with deep roots in the metropolitan life of our nation."

Dr. Spangler referred to the trend toward specialization in veterinary medicine as "further proof of the pro­fession's growing sophistication," and said that "the picture of modern veteri­nary medicine would be totally incom­plete without mentioning some of the newer responsibilities which have placed the profession into the mainstream of scientific progress."

"Veterinarians are employed in grow­ing numbers in laboratory animal medi­cine, in the development of therapeutic and preventive products for human di­seases, in cardiologic and radiologic studies, in the development for animals of methods of diagnosis and treatment that can be adapted for use in humans, and in many other areas relating di­rectly to scientific progress and human health."

Because of the profession's versatil­

ity, interest among young people in a veterinary medical career is at its high­est point in the profession's history, Dr. Spangler continued.

He revealed that in 1963 the 18 veteri­nary colleges in the United States top­ped all previous records in terms of stu­dent enrollment, first-year students, and applications for admission.

He added that a record number of veterinarians are engaged in graduate studies, and that almost one-fifth of the first-year students had acquired aca­demic degrees prior to entering veteri­nary college.

Turning to veterinary medicine's prospects for the future, the AVMA's president-elect predicted that "the vital function of the profession will continue to be its guardianship of the health and productiveness of our farm livestock."

He said that the value of livestock per large animal practitioner amounts today to 2 million dollars, and that this figure is likely to increase substantially.

"To meet their growing responsibili­ties in a changing agricultural world, veterinarians must become better ac­quainted with the fundamentals of man­agement procedures and economics in the livestock industry, and with specific disease control programs," Dr. Spangler pointed out, adding

"We will have to support the trend toward specialization in the diseases of a particular species, to encourage group practice and contract practice, and to put more emphasis on diagnosis and preventive health measures than we have been inclined to do in the past."

Demand for the services of the small animal practitioner will also increase, the AVMA official said, "because there will be a growing interest in pets as support for emotional stability in a con­fused and high-speed age."

Emphasizing that versatility, the capacity to assume major responsibili­ties in nearly every field of science and

(See page 24)

The SPECULUM 20

Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) {This article was prepared by Pitman-Moore Company, Indianapolis, Indiana)

For years beef cattle raisers and dairy farmers have lost millions of dollars with little or no knowledge of the cause.

The culprit — a tiny virus, often con­fused with one causing another disease in cattle, has reached into the pockets of cattle raisers from New York to Cali­fornia and from Florida to the Canadian border, draining off profits year after year.

The disease, first found as long ago as 1946 in New York State, is known as Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD).

According to statistics, BVD has been found to exist in most states, Canada and parts of Europe.

Although Bovine Virus Diarrhea has been known for 16 years, until fairly recently, it has been confused generally with similar diseases such as "red nose" or Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), and shipping fever.

Error in identifying the disease is understandable, however, since early symptoms of Virus Diarrhea greatly resemble those of IBR and shipping fever in many respects — primarily acute infection and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Development of additional symptoms help to distinguish Virus Diarrhea — for those who know such a disease exists.

Contrasted to IBR, many animals in­fected by the diarrhea virus develop chronic conditions which result in severe loss of weight or failure to gain weight —the "nub" of economic importance of the disease.

While mortality is comparatively low with rarely more than 5% of the in­fected herd dying, cattle often fail to fully recover even though they may start eating after the initial attack of the disease is over. As a result, the farmer may pour many dollars into feed over a long period with little in the way of weight gain to show for his money and efforts when the animals

FALL, 1964

are sent to market. A highly contagious disease of cattle,

characterized by a high incidence rate, fever, diarrhea, nasal discharge and ero­sions in the gastro-intestinal tract, BVD was described by veterinarians in New York State in 1946. For a number of years this condition was observed only in widely separated areas such as New York, Indiana and California.

At Purdue University in Indiana the disease was first observed in 1954. Even then, with symptoms closely resembling the disease which first appeared in New York, it was believed that Indiana virus diarrhea was caused by a different organism. Later tests in cattle have shown that at least the existing strains in Indiana are identical to those in New York.

Another illness called Mucosal Di­sease, subsequently described by Iowa workers, has clinical signs similar in many respects to those originally iden­tified for virus diarrhea, but is thought to be caused by a different etiological agent.

In the last few years, a number of viruses have been isolated in tissue cul­ture from cattle having either Virus Diarrhea or Mucosal Disease, but their importance as causes of these respective conditions was not clearly determined by investigators.

In 1959, veterinary scientists at Cor­nell University and the University of Florida determined that all of the avail­able viruses isolated from either Virus Diarrhea or Mucosal Disease-like ill­nesses from different areas of the coun­try and Europe are antigenically identi­cal or very closely related. The disease is now known to be widespread through­out the United States, Canada, and European countries.

Bovine Virus Diarrhea occurs in both dairy and beef-type cattle. It may cause serious outbreaks in feed lots where cattle are constantly being added.

21

The rate of incidence as well as the severity and length of illness will vary from herd to herd. One or two animals —or all—may show symptoms.

The death rate is usually low — sel­dom greater than 5%. Deaths that do occur may be rapid or at times the symptoms may run several weeks with the animal finally "wasting away".

On an average, within a herd, some 15% promptly recover completely. The others apparently recover but don't "do well". Eventually they may get big enough for marketing, but the cost of feeding has been excessive.

If any of the cows or heifers are preg­nant when infection takes place, be­tween 30% and 40% will abort. This, of course, is an important factor in both dairy and beef cattle production when calves are being raised for replacements or breeding purposes.

The abortion rate is higher when cows are less than two years old in areas where the disease is common. There is no age limit however. It is interesting to note that after recovery, pregnancy is not affected the following year.

As indicated earlier, first signs of BVD are quite similar to those of IBR — mostly affecting the upper respira­tory tract, causing excessive nasal dis­charge and coughing.

First manifestations appear five to seven days after contact with the virus. Symptoms reach their maximum sever­ity four to five days after onset.

BVD starts with high fever, with temperatures ranging from 104 to 106 degrees, moderate to severe nasal dis­charge, and marked lack of appetite al­though large amounts of water are con­sumed. There may be a low throaty unproductive cough. The mucous mem­brane becomes inflamed.

The nasal discharge is serous at first, but as the condition progresses, it may become mucopurulent.

However, the disease may progress to a more severe stage with increased nasal discharge and excessive saliva which may hang from the mouth in long strings. Excessive lacrimation some­

times is seen and may be followed by a progressive milky color or opacity to the eyes in young stock.

The respiratory tract becomes flam­ing red. Laminitis becomes an important symptom in many animals during the acute stage, later becoming chronic as the disease progresses. Again, contrast­ed to IBR, many cattle develop chronic, low grade infections despite the severity or mildness of the acute stage, during which the hair coat becomes rough and unsightly, and there is a marked lack of appetite. Even though the animal might eat, it fails to gain weight pro­perly.

In many animals a gray, profuse "sloppy" diarrhea with traces of blood is observed. Unfortunately for diagnos­tic purposes, not all animals with Bovine Virus Diarrhea have a characteristic diarrhea.

If the animal dies, a post mortem ex­amination may show ulcerations of varying degrees in the mouth, stomach and intestines. The ulcerations are ac­tually erosions of the mucous mem­branes of the digestive tract, varying from a few to a great many — from match head size to great sheets of destroyed tissue.

The erosions account for the profuse diarrhea, and the resultant damage to the digestive tract may be responsible for poor utilization of feed and the lack of proper growth.

Dehydration is often severe and some affected animals probably lose as much as one-fourth of their body weight. In severely affected cattle that recover, convalescence is protracted and often causes as much or more economic loss to the owner than that due to deaths.

Bovine Virus Diarrhea may be spread by infected animals — or by the move­ment of contaminated articles or per­sons from farm to farm.

With the live virus appearing in the feces, saliva, and in most body excre­tions and secretions, it is easy to con­taminate premises.

Newly purchased cattle should be iso­lated from native stock for at least three

The SPECULUM 22

weeks, not only for the control of Virus Diarrhea, but in the interest of general good herd management as well.

Since there is no specific treatment for the various virus conditions in cat­tle, veterinarians should be consulted about the best method of handling the problem. In some cases, antibiotics and sulfonamides may justifiably be used to treat secondary or concurrent bac­terial infections in some animals.

Some practitioners have found that supportive measures including the addi­tion of electrolytes to the drinking water are indicated, and that antihistamine therapy is helpful in laminitis, even though the effect is somewhat transi­tory.

An animal recovering from the di­sease appears to be immune to further attacks, but the duration of immunity has not been determined.

Although much research has been done over the years, little was accom­plished until the last three or four

Since 1939 a name veterinarians have depended on for biologicals of proved efficacy FALL, 1964

years. The tissue culture technique has speeded up the progress of researchers in this direction.

While no vaccine for BVD is commer­cially available as yet, Pitman-Moore Company, Indianapolis pharmaceutical and biological firm, has developed such a vaccine which is reported to be effec­tive. If additional extensive field trials are successful, it seems probable that an effective immunizing agent will soon be available to protect cattle herds against Bovine Virus Diarrhea.

Americans spent more than $550 mill­ion in 1963 for dog and cat food alone, and "firmly established pet foods as one of the greatest growth categories in the food industry," the Chicago Daily News reported.

They also pointed out that in 1963 purchases of pet supplies totaled $821 million, a 9 ̂ per cent increase over 1962.

23

OMEGA TAU SIGMA NEWS

BY RICHARD H. BOHNING, JR.

Fall quarter 1964, began with the brothers renewing friendships and re­lating summer adventures. Soon the scene shifted to studies and a hectic, but highly successful, Rush Week pro­gram, thanks to a great effort from our Rush Chairman, James Edwards. As a result of our all-out effort, we pledged 37 new men. They are:

Fred Adams Allen Bryant Pedro Cintron Larry Dickey Louis DiLuzio John Gordon Dennis Hardy Jerry Johnson Randy Kidd Richard Klingensmith Michael Kovsky Jay Kuhlman Bruce Landis Lewis Lemmerbrock Bruce Marhefka Dave McDonald Ted Pomhuis Dan Paulo Frank Pipers Orben Pratt Mike Radcliff Donald Sanders Larry Santter Tom Schieffer

Tom Schriver Joe Starcher John Stover Dave Stroshine Walter Threlf all Chuck Tracey Ralph Urmson Dan Wolf Michael Wolland Mike Youshack David Zimmerman Jack Zines Royden Scott Zinn III

Many parties, not unusual for Fall quarter, were once again highlighted by our outstanding Homecoming Dinner & Dance at Stouffer's University Inn. The alumni turnout was the best ever, a tribute to keen post-graduate interest and excellent efforts by Leonard Breid­ing, our Alumni Relations chairman.

With the selection of "Big Brothers," by the pledges, a Big-Brother-Little Brother Stag Dinner was held at the house giving all a chance to become better acquainted.

We are especially honored to be se­lected as hosts for Grand Council, Omega Tau Sigma's National Conven­tion. It was highlighted by a tour of the College of Veterinary Medicine here at O.S.U. We wish to thank Dean Krill and all the faculty members whose help made it an outstanding success. Much time and planning was contributed by co-chairmen James Ross and Jeffrey Peacock.

As the quarter slips rapidly toward Finals Week, we eagerly await St. Nick with 4.00 points for our stockings.

(Continued from page 20) health, has become a byword for veteri­nary medicine, Dr. Spangler concluded that "veterinary medical involvement in public health, medical research, and scientific experimentation will continue at an accelerated pace, and as people become more health conscious, new avenues will open for veterinary ser­vices in these and other activities.

The SPECULUM 24

OU R̂ of helping youThis is Jen-Sal's protect animal health 50th year of selling

only through veterinarians

Our half-century partnership with the veterinary concept. Product quality is zealously guarded. profession began when Dr. Hans Jensen gave up Future needs of the profession are the guide-teaching and founded the original ethical veteri- lines for a vigorous, expanded research activity. nary supply house. His purpose: Serve veteri- Useful older products are continuously replaced nary science by developing the products and with superior new ones. The original concept still services needed by the veterinarian to care for holds true as we move into our 51st year: Serve his clients' animals. the veterinary profession with honest dedication

Jen-Sal today remains true to that original . . . and distinctive products like the ones below.

Butazolidin Professional information: only one such case has been reported

Action: Butazolidin (phenylbutazone) in dogs. Routine blood-counts should is a systemically active anti-inflam- be made in patients receiving long­

(veterinary) matory agent with analgesic and anti- term drug administration. Stop treat-

phenylbutazone* pyretic effects. ment in the event of significant fall in WBC, relative decrease in agranu-

Dramatic relief and resolution Indications: locytes, or black, tarry stools. of inflammatory conditions (a) Musculoskeletal: Treatment of Contraindications:

bursitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, inter­vertebral disc syndrome, spondylitis, (1) Do not administer to patients

and painful fractures. having serious hepatic, cardiac, or renal damage or with history of blood

(b) Soft Tissues: Treatment of in- dyscrasia or peptic ulcer. flammation of the skin, tendons, mus­cles, eye and other soft tissues. (2) Not for use in food animals. Do

not inject Butazolidin (phenylbutazone)

Precautions: In dogs, gastrointestinal by subcutaneous or intramuscular

upset may occasionally occur (about routes.

1% of animals). Stop medication im­mediately when this occurs. While

Geigy Chemical Carp. Bi •U.S. Patent No. 2 ,562 ,830 ­

agranulocytosis may occur in humans, Trademark, Geigy Chemical C<

Cytogen®d-h Cytogen vaccines are "life insured" ance to virulent virus challenge in 24 from manufacture to your door be- hours . . . effective antibody levels

Cytogen® cause they are cold-packed with dry established within 14-21 days. Specially ice in exclusive, insulated Fro-Gen formulated stabilizer (Stabligen) as-shippers . . . preventing exposure to sures extended shelf life by actual

Potent, reliable vaccines virus-destroying temperatures. All virus measurement and animal tests. Cytogen is produced with at least 1,000 Cytogen vaccines will not cause or

distemper-hepatitis times the virus content shown to pro- spread distemper. tect dogs. Critical tests show resist- Trademarks: Cytogen,® Stabligen, Fro-Gen,®

"Products to Protect Animal Health"

JENSEH-SALSBERY LABORATORIES Division of Richardson-Merrell Inc. Kansas City 41, Missouri

FALL, 1964 25

ALPHA PSI NEWS

BY RICHARD KORITANSKY, VET. MED. II

After some summer activities such as cleaning the house from top to bottom, painting three rooms, and planting shrubs in front, Alpha Psi began the 1964-65 academic year with a week of rushing activities. Some real great lunches were served at the house dur­ing the week, and a dinner banquet was held at the church next to the house. One hundred and fifty members, rush­ees, wives, and girlfriends attended. Brother Warren Amling highlighted the banquet doing a tremendous job as our guest speaker. A swim party was also held at Stouffer's pool during the week. The week came to an end with a fine dance at the Golden Bull on Saturday nite featuring Tommy Saxfford's Band.

Pledge Master, Jon Ellis, and co-rush chairman, Gary Brown and Dave Wal­lenhurst combined to do a fine job along with all the other brothers. We are hap­py to say that we have thirty six pledges from a fine freshman class.

Again after four weeks of the routine of school, it was time for the annual homecoming celebration. I'm sure the great win over Wisconsin helped some to set the fine mood first for after the game cocktails at the house and later a dinner and dance at the Seneca Hotel.

We thank all the alumni who turned up to make it a wonderful homecoming. Next year we would like to see even more alumni enjoy some of the fun.

Alpha Psi has three football teams this quarter. The defending champs of the Professional Intermural League is our undefeated Senior team. The other two teams are putting up a valiant front. The bowling team is just getting under way and doing great.

Delegate Steve Stevenson and three other brothers flew to Athens, Georgia Lambda Chapter for the National Con­vention. There many new officers were elected, and many good times had en­joying Southern Hospitality.

The actives are looking forward to seeing alumni at the OVMA convention in Cincinnati. A luncheon will be serv­ed on Sunday, January 31.

Anybody not reeciving the Alpha Psi Newsletter please send their correct ad­dress to 237 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, Ohio. The Alumni 110 Club is really starting to function. Any mail will also be received at the house.

That's about it so far this quarter. We invite all alumni to stop at the house whenever you are in Columbus.

ADVERTISER'S INDEX

AMCO 28

Butler IBC

Columbus Serum Co IFC

Fort Dodge 13

Fromm 23

Grain Belt 7

Jen-Sal 25

Norden Labs 2

Pitman-Moore OBC

Upjohn 27

The SPECULUM 26

Promone (medroxyprogesterone acetate) is a derivative of progesterone having the distinct advantages of exception­ally high and prolonged progestational activity when ad­ministered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Dosage While 1 cc. administered during anestrus is usually sufficient for the prevention of estrus in bitches and cats, the dosage range for bitches is 1 to 5 cc, repeated at six-month intervals, and for cats 1 to 3 cc, repeated at six-month intervals. Side Effects, Precautions, & Contraindications In­jections of this preparation have been well tolerated over long periods. There has been little or no pain at the site of injection. No significant untoward systemic effects have been reported. It causes no alterations in body weight, hemograms, blood chemistry, hepatic morphology and func­tion tests, or renal function tests and urinalyses. This drug, administered alone or in combination with estro­gens, should not be employed in animals with abnormal uterine bleeding until a definite diagnosis has been estab-

Complete details available from your Upjohn representative or write

lished and the possibility of genital malignancy eliminated. Clinical testing experience indicatesthat25O mg. of Promone (medroxyprogesterone acetate) produced instances of mam­mary swelling and lactation in greyhound bitches; therefore, this product should not be administered to this breed. In animals in which perpetual long-term prevention of estrus is desired, injections should be made at the recommended intervals. Lapses in administration may result in exhibition of estrus. Estrus is usually abbreviated in from one to seven days. During this time the owner should keep the female confined until all signs of heat have disappeared because of her re­ceptiveness to the stud. Treated bitches that are mismated in this period and conceive may have an extended gestation due to the prolonged progestational effect. If this occurs, surgical procedures should be considered for the time that parturition would normally occur (63 days). The Package Sterile Aqueous Suspension Promone (medroxyprogesteroneacetate), 50 mg. percc, in 10cc. vials.

to: Professional Relations Department, Veterinary Division, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. ...where science turns to healing I

FALL, 1964 27

Answers: Case One 1. Rectal palpation. 2. Torsion of the abomasum and

omasum. 3. Surgery is indicated immediately,

or yesterday if possible. 4. a. Surgical correction of the tor­

sion. b. Several gallons of intravenous

fluids containing ions lost by diarrhea, preferably during sur­gery.

c. Oral isotonic replacement fluids, high in potassium ions, and ant­acids: (NaCo3).

d. Rumen transplant. e. Parenteral antibiotics for 5 to

7 days. f. A smooth muscle stimulant to

promote digestive tract tone and motility.

5. Poor. Only about 1 out of 4 cows survive even with the above ther­apy.

Answer: Case Two. Fibrinous pericarditis, causing an

impairment of cardiac function, lead­ing to heart failure after the exercise.

(Advised by Charles C. Capen, M.Sc. D.V.M. and Albert A. Gabel, M.Sc. D.V.M.)

Practice for Sale Due to the death

of a Youngstown practitioner, a

small animal practice and hospital

is being offered for sale. For

particulars, contact Mrs. R. E.

Hammond, 3526 Southern Blvd.,

Youngstown, Ohio.

"Geared To The Tempo

Of The Profession' SOUTH CENTRAL OHIO

R. S. "RUSS" McSHANE

Phone ULrich 2-1624

London, Ohio

NORTH-EASTERN OHIO J. H. "JIM" SHARPS

Phone 928-6548

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

NORTHWESTERN OHIO E. H. "ERNIE" WIGGS

Phone 826-5431

Swanton, Ohio

AMCO DRUG PRODUCTS CO., INC. Box 207, North Olmsted, Ohio

Elyria Phn No. Olmsted Phn

EN 5-3676 SP 7-3320

from the

Speculum Staff

The SPECULUM 28