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Contact No. 9080228421
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For GEM Complete Chemistry Material Contact No. 9080228421
2
+2 CHEMISTRY
MEMORY HINTS
I. Smell / Odour
1. Garlic odour - P2O3
2. Garlic taste - H3PO3
3. Pungent odour - PCl5
4. Rotten Fish - Phosphine (PH3)
5. Fish like odour - Amines
6. Foul Smell - Carbylamine
7. Foul smell of Rancid butter - Butric Acid
8. Fruity odour - Ester
9. Pungent odour & fumes in - Acetyl chloride moist air
10. Pungent Odour & no fumes - Acetic anhydride in moist air
11. Mustard like odour - Methyl isothio cyanate
12. Smell of Jasmine (or) - Benzyl acetate Fragrance of Jasmine
13. Smell of bitter almonds - Nitro benzene (or) Benzaldehyde
14. Carbolic acid-odour - Phenol
15. Hypnotic as hypnone - acetophenone
II. Common Name Chemical Name
1. Oil of bitter almonds - Benzaldehyde
2. Oil of winter green - Methyl salicylate
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3. Oil of mirbane - Nitro benzene
4. Mustard oil - Methyl isothiocyanate
5. Supercooled liquid - Glass
6. Wood spirit - Methyl alcohol
7. Grain alcohol - Ethyl alcohol
8. Reducing sugar - Glucose, Lactose
9. Non-Reducing sugar - Sucrose
10. Optically inactive amino acid - Glycine
11. Calamine - ZnCO3
12. Philosophers wool - ZnO
13. Lunar Caustic - AgNO3
14. Blue vitriol - CuSO4.5H2O
15. Purple of cassius - Colloidal gold
Purple of cassius - Gold with colloidal stannic hydroxide
16. Agua regia - 3 part con. HCl + 1 part con. HNO3
17. State functions - S, S
18. Path functions - q, q
19. Sodalime - CaO + NaOH
20. Bordeaux Mixture - CuSO4 + Ca(OH)2 or Copper Sulphate + lime
21. Galena - PbS
22. Litharge - PbO
23. Red lead - Pb3O4
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24. Coinage metals - Cu, Ag, Au
25. Laughing gas - N2O (Nitrous Oxide)
26. Aspirin - Acetyl Salicylic acid
27. Freon - Dichloro difluro methane (CF2Cl2)
28. Blister copper - 98% copper + 2% impurities
29. Matte - Cuprous sulphide + Ferrous sulphide
[Cu2S + FeS]
30. Methylated (or) - Ehanol with 5% Methanol denatured spirit
31. Phenyl carbinol - Benzyl alcohol
32. Benzoin - Dimer of benzaldehyde
33. Benzhydrol - Diphenyl carbinol
34. Father of co-ordination - Werner Chemistry
35. Mohrs salt - FeSO4 (NH4)2 SO4.6H2O
36. Potash Alum - K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
III. Reagent Composition
1. Dehydrating Agent - P2O5 (or) P4O10
2. Fentons Reagent - FeSO4 + H2O2
3. Bayers Reagent - Cold dil. alkaline KMnO4
4. Lucas Reagent - Con. HCl + anhydrous ZnCl2
5. Tollens Reagent - Ammoniacal silver nitrate
6. Fehlings solution - Sodium Potassium Tartarate in CuSO4 solution
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7. Schiffs reagent - Benzilidene
8. Hypnone - acetophenone
9. Nitrating Mixture - Con.HNO3 & Con.H2SO4
10. Formalin - Aqueous solution of 40% formaldehyde
IV. Compounds Example
1. Aldol - 3-hydroxy butanal
2. -hydroxy ketones - Benzoin
3. Aromatic alcohol - Benzyl alcohol
4. Dihydric alcohol - Ethylene glycol
5. Trihydric alcohol - Glycerol
6. Hygroscopic liquid - Glycol, Glycerol
7. Antifreeze in automobile - Glycol, Glycerol engine
8. Uniary antiseptic - Urotropine, Benzoic acid, salicylic acid
9. Soil sterilizing agent - Chloropicrin CCl3NO2
10. Dihydric phenol - Catechol, Resorcinol, Quinol
11. Trihydric phenol - Pyrogallol, Hydroxy quinol, Phluroglucinol
12. Simple Ether - Dimethyl ether
13. Mixed Ether - Ethyl methyl ether
14. Phenolic Ether - Anisole
15. Unsaturated alophatic aldehyde - Acrolin
16. Unsaturated aromatic aldehyde - Cinnamaldehyde
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V. Physical Terms Units
1. Enthalpy valve H, E - KJ.mole-1
2. Specific heat - Jg-1 (or) J kg-1
3. Concentration - moles. dm-3
4. Molar Concentration (x) - mol. dm-3
5. Energy of activation (Ea) - Jmol-1
6. Rate of reaction - mol. dm-3S-1
7. Unit for order of reaction - (dm3)n-1 mol1-n sec-1 (in general)
8. Half life period for I order - min (or) seconds reaction
9. Entropy (cgs) - cal deg-1 mol-1
10. Entropy (SI) - JK-1 mol-1
11. Rate constant for I order - S-1 (or) min-1 (or) time-1
12. Rate constant for zero order - mole. dm-3 S-1
13. Quantity of current - coulombs (or) faraday
14. Electro chemical equivalent - Kg. Columb-1
15. Current(I) - ampere
16. Time (t) - seconds
17. Quantity of current - coulomb
18. Resistance - ohm
19. Potential difference (V) - volt
20. Specific Resistance (S) - Ohm meter
21. Specific Conductance () - S meter-1 (or) ohm-1 meter-1
22. Conductance - ohm-1 (or) Siemens (or) mho
23. Cell constant (s) - metre-1
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24. Equivalent conductance (c) - ohm-1 m2(gm.eq)-1
(or) S.m2 (g.equi)-1 (or) mho.m2 (gm.eq)-2
25. Molar conductance (c) - S.m2.mol-1
(or) ohm-1 m2.mol-1
26. Ionic product of water (Kw) - mol2.dm-6
Indicators pH Range Acidic Basic
Methyl Orange 3.1 to 4.4 Pink Yellow
Methyl Red 4.4 to 6.2 Red Yellow
Phenol 6.8 to 8.4 Yellow Red
Phenolphthalein 8.3 to 10 Colourless Pink
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Some Important tips to identify organic compounds
1. Alcohol : Liberates H2 gas with Na metal
1o alcohol : (i) Gives RED colour in Victor Mayers test
(ii) No turbidity in Lucas test
2o alcohol : (i) Gives BLUE colour in Victor Mayers test
(ii) Turbidity appears after 5 to 10 min in Lucas test
3o alcohol : (i) No change (colourless) in Victor Mayers test
(ii) Turbidity appears immediately in Lucas test
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2. Ethers
(i) Do not liberate H2 with Na metal
(ii) Do not give HCl with PCl5
3. Aldehydes
(i) Restores the red colour of the Schiffs base
(ii) Reduces Tollens reagent
(iii) Reduces Fehlings solution (except C6H5CHO)
(Only acetaldehyde gives yellow precipitate with I2 & KOH i.e., only
acetaldehyde answers Iodo form test)
4. Ketones
(i) Does not restore the red colour of the Schiffs base
(ii) Does not reduce Tollens reagent
(iii) Does not reduce Fehling solution
5. Acid
(i) Gives effervescence with Na2CO (or) NaHCO3 solutions.
(ii) Gives sweet smelling ester when treated with alcohol +
con.H2SO4
(iii) Aqeous solution of acid turns blue into red.
(iv) Except formic acid, other acids give alkane when heated with
soda lime (NaOH + CaO)
6. Iodo form test
When treated with I2 & KOH give yellow precipitate. C2H5OH,
CH3-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CO-C6H5 answer Iodoform test.
II. Dehydrating agents
(i) Con H2SO4 (ii) P2O5 (iii) KHSO4 (iv) dry anhydrous ZnCl2
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III. Oxidising Agents
1. KMnO4 / NaOH (Bayers Reagent)
2. KMnO4 / Con. H2SO4
3. K2Cr2O7 / Con.H2SO4
4. Na2Cr2O7 / Con.H2SO4
5. Cr.O2Cl2
6. dil. HNO3
7. Con.HNO3
8. Fentons reagent (FeSO4 / H2O2)
9. KMnO4
10. Con. H2SO4
11. V2O5 / O2
IV. Reducing Agents
1. Zn/dil.HCl 2. Sn/dil.HCl
3. Zn/NaOH 4. Zn/NH4Cl
5. Raney Ni 6. Palladium / BaSO4 (Stephen Reduction)
7. Na/Hg + H2O 8. Zn/Hg + con.HCl (Clemmenson Reduction)
9. Na/C2H5 OH 10.NH2NH2/C2H5ONa (Wolf Kisher Reduction)
11.LiAlH4 12.NaBH4
13.Ni-Al/NaOH 14.Zn/dil HCl
15.H2/pt 16.Pd/BaSO4 (Rosemund Reduction)
USES OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Potash Alum
Purification of water, water proofing of textiles and in dyeing and paper
industry.
To arrest bleeding.
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Silicones
Insulator - water repellent - in textiles as lubricants and as polish.
Mixed with paint for damp - resistant.
Non-stick coating for pans and in paints and varnish.
Used for high temperature oil bath, high vacuum pump.
Lead
Lead pipes-telegraph and telephone wire-bullets and lead accumulators
- lead champers-alloys like solder, pewter and type metal - tetra
ethyl lead Pb(C2H5)4.
Phosphorous trioxide [(P2O3) or (P4O6)]
Dehydrating agent.
H3PO3-Phosphorus acid-used as Reducing Agent
H3PO4-Phosphoric acid
Preparation of HBr and HI.
Souring agent for soft drinks.
Preparation o

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For GEM Complete Chemistry Material Contact No. 9080228421 · PDF fileFor GEM Complete Chemistry Material Contact No. 9080228421 2 ... (gold with stannic ... For GEM Complete Chemistry