FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA – SITUATION ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (T.I.) Dept. Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics GC UNIVERSITY FAISLAABAD

FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA – SITUATION ANALYSIS

Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (T.I.)

Dept. Food Science , Nutrition & Home Economics

GC UNIVERSITY FAISLAABAD

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ROAD MAPFOOD SECURITY

WORLDWIDEASIAPAKISTAN

FOOD SAFETYGLOBAL CONTEXTPOSITION OF ASIAPAKISTAN

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WORLD POPULATION AND FOOD SECURITYWORLD POPULATION AND FOOD SECURITYWorld population is increasing at alarming pace

It is expected that around 2030, the number of

humans living on earth will be around 8,000 million

2 out of 3 people will live in towns and cities

Over next 20 years, demand in food will rise

significantly so food production will need to increase

by 60% and food losses are needed to be controlled

Developing countries will have the major role in

contributing to this massive increase of food demand

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SAARC countries accounts for 23 percent of the world’s population, but generates hardly two percent of global income

Housing 40 percent of the world’s poor (living on less than US $1 a day)

35 percent of the world’s under-nourished, the Region has the highest concentration of poverty and hunger in the world

About 35 per cent of the peoples in Bangladesh, 25 per cent in Sri Lanka and 20 per cent each in India and Nepal are undernourished

The achievement of this task, will necessitate more water, more efficient use of land, better workforce and adequate application of fertilizers

Needs to be bolstered by more pro-active approaches which provide food safety nets for the very poor

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CONTRIBUTION OF FOOD SAFETY TO FOOD SECURITYCONTRIBUTION OF FOOD SAFETY TO FOOD SECURITY

Contributes to improve nutritional and health status of population thereby increasing productivity and livelihoods

Reduces public health cost through a decrease in food borne illness among vulnerable population

Reduces food losses resulting in increase availability, stability and utilization

Increase national and international market access, increasing purchasing power resulting in beneficial effects on farmer, food business and consumer

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Countries Contribution of Ag. to GDP (%)

Ag. labour force as % of total labour force

Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (PPP) (%)

% of undernourished population

Afghanistan 40 59.8 na naBangladesh 19.1 45.21 81.33 27Bhutan 21.9 96.71 49.49 NaIndia 19.0 55.75 75.59 21Maldives 6 15.33 na naNepal 32.9 87.73 77.57 16Pakistan 20.4 41.33 60.31 26Sri Lanka 13.2 47.27 39.74 19Total - 53.7 73.40 -

Economic Overview Agriculture holds a central place in all South Asian economies,

except for Maldives Moreover, this sector employs more than half of the labour force

in South Asian countries, reaching 97% in Bhutan

6ADB (2009)

FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN SOUTH ASIA

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Per Capita Production Index for Cereals (Wheat and Rice)

7FAO (2009)

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Malnutrition in children under 5 in South Asian region, 2012

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Reasons for Persistent Food InsecurityAn important reason for the persistent food insecurity in

the Pakistan is the low productivity of crops and livestock as compared to that in many developed countries

The investment made in agriculture research as a percentage of agricultural GDP has been declining in Pakistan from a very low base

Pakistan have badly neglected investment for maintaining their vital irrigation infrastructure which has led to its rapid deterioration

There is also great potential for improvement in poverty and food security by investing in development of improved technology and making it available to poor farmers

(Etienne, 2009)

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Food Security Index

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Cont..

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Here’s what’s happened to some key farm commodities so far in 2010…Corn: Up 63% Wheat: Up 84% Soybeans: Up 24% Sugar: Up 55%

HIGH & VOLATILE FOOD PRICES LIKELY TO CONTINUE

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FOOD SAFETYFOOD SAFETY

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FOOD SAFETY Assurance that food will not cause harm to the

consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.

Food safety providesSafe NutritiousWholesome

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Food safety governing national productivity

Community health

Food security for millions in the world

Increased incidence of food-borne illness worldwide

LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND SAFETY RELATED ISSUESLife

Cycle Stages

Production Transportation Processing/ Storage

Supply outlet

Consumption Disposal

Food Safety Issues

Chemical residuesContaminations

ContaminationSpoilage

Preservatives Additives Enzymes

SpoilageContamination

Food born pathogens

Contamination

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EVERYONE PLAYS A ROLE IN FOOD SAFETYEVERYONE PLAYS A ROLE IN FOOD SAFETY

Food contamination can occur at any stage - Farm to table Everyone plays vital role in food chain

Farmer Processor vendor consumer

Women are primary targets for food safety education as they are responsible for household meals

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SAFETY STATUS OF FOODSSAFETY STATUS OF FOODSPesticide residues on food

Food additives also creating toxicity

Chemicals produced during food processing

Heavy metals Arsenic, lead

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Toxicity from packaging material

Use of non food grade colours

Use of sewage, sludge, polluted water in vegetable

fields

Untreated waste water from industries

Poultry, beef and mutton – feed additives, antibiotics

Clean water is unavailable to both urban and rural

populations

COST OF FOODBORNE ILLNESSESOutbreaks caused by contamination in the food and feed

supply are costly toThe Consumers,Food & Feed IndustriesHealth Care Industry.

A 2012 study using an enhanced cost-of-illness model estimated that the aggregated cost of foodborne illness is $77.7 billion per year.

USDA-Economic Research Service (ERS) estimate that the annual (In June 2011) economic cost of Foodborne illness and Premature death caused by

Salmonella is $2.7 billion and E. coli O157 is $489 million.

FOODS COMMONLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST FOOD BORNE ILLNESS Nor virus: oysters and other shellfish Salmonella: eggs, poultry, meatCampylobacter: poultry, raw milk E. coli O157: Ground beef, leafy greens, raw milk Vibrio: raw oysters, water Listeria: meats, unpasteurized soft cheesesHepatitis A virus: shellfish.

ANNUAL CASES OF FOODBORNE ILLNESSES PER PATHOGEN

FOOD SAFETY:CURRENT SITUATION

More than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related causes.

Nearly all deaths, 99 %, occur in the developing world.

780 million people lack access to an improved water source; approximately one in nine people. (FDA Update October 25 , 2013)

Every 21 seconds, a child dies from a water-related illnessThe majority of illness is caused by fecal matter

The Centers for Disease Control estimates that325,000 Americans are hospitalized/year from food poisoning5,000 resultant deaths.

TOP TEN RISK FACTORS FOR HEALTHRisk Factors No of deaths/year

1.Diets 678,2822.Smoking 465,6513.High Blood Pressure 442,6564.High Body Mass Index 363,9915.Physical Inactivity 234,0226.High Blood Sugar 213,6697.High Total Cholesterol 158,4318.Ambient Air Pollution 103,0279.Alcohol Use 88,58710.Drug Use 25,430

STATUS OF FOOD SAFETY IN ASIAThe food production, processing, and marketing system in

Asia is poorrange from small-scale to large-scale, with products passing

through multiple tiers of handlers and middlemen in the market chain.

Inadequate facilities and infrastructure Lack of knowledge, (modern technologies and practices)

Cont…Little appreciation for

Good hygienic practices (GHP)Good agricultural practices (GAP)Good manufacturing practices (GMP)

This sector of the food industry presents unique challenges in food safety, especially hygiene and sanitation

CHALLENGES IN ASIA Food legislation Food control management Inspection services Laboratory services Information Education Communication Training

CURRENT FOOD SAFETY SITUATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

FOOD SAFETY SITUATION IN BANGLADESH

Food is the major source of human The importance of food safety stems from:

Food being the primary mode of transmission of infectious disease;

In Bangladesh >90 % tube wells of 61 districts (out of 64) are contaminated with arsenic.(WHO)

REPORTED FOODBORNE DISEASES IN INDONESIA 2003-2009

REPORTED FOOD BORNE DISEASES IN INDONESIA

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FOOD SAFETY IN PAKISTANThe total extent of the food-borne disease problem in the

developing world (SAARC countries Particularly Pakistan) is likely higher.

Difficult to estimate since its victims often cannot track down the cause and do not seek medical attention

Medical systems are ill equipped to monitor outbreaks

Food-borne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and Hepatitis A, it is here that the real tragedy manifests itself

(FAO, 2010)

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Diarrhea - most common symptom of food-and water-borne illnessesmajor cause of malnutrition in infants and

young children. 1.5 billion children under 4 and 5 years are

affected by diarrheal diseases annually3 million die prematurely, mainly in developing

countries like PakistanFor adults, the number of deaths may be less

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SOME GLIMPSES OF FOOD SOME GLIMPSES OF FOOD COMMODITIESCOMMODITIES

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FOOD SAFETY ISSUES IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY

Pesticide residues in cauliflower collected from Gujranwala

PesticidesRange

(mg/kg)Contaminated

SamplesNot

DetectedSamples above MRL

Contamination Rate %

Deltamethrin ND-0.554 8 2 5 80

Permethrin ND-0.855 7 3 3 70

Cypermethrin ND-0.260 6 4 4 60

Chlorpyrifos ND-0.106 5 5 4 50

Perfenofos ND-0.167 6 4 5 60

Triazofos ND-0.189 5 5 4 50

Dimthoate ND 0 10 0 0

Endosulfan ND-0.133 5 5 3 50

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Pesticide residues in cauliflower collected from Faisalabad

PesticidesRange

(mg/kg)Contaminated

SamplesNot

Detected

Samples above MRL








Dimthoate ND-0.295 7 3 1 70


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Pesticide residues in cauliflower collected from Multan

PesticidesRange

(mg/kg)Contaminated

SamplesNot

Detected

Samples above MRL








Dimthoate ND-0.245 10 0 5 100


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Heavy metal residues in cauliflower collected from FaisalabadLead

(0.3 MRL) Cadmium (0.2 MRL)

Nickel(5.0 MRL)

Mercury(0.03 MRL)

0.522bc 0.297a 0.042d 0.037ab

0.262e 0.031de 0.356b 0.041ab

0.536bc 0.208bcde 0.206c 0.011bc

0.041f 0.436abc 0.032d 0.003c

0.272e 0.136cde 0.037d 0.030abc

0.643ab 0.004e 0.026d 0.003c

0.526bc 0.419abc 0.052d 0.059a

0.740a 0.569a 0.526a 0.042ab

0.340de 0.460ab 0.521a 0.053a

0.433cd 0.320abcd 0.619a 0.054a

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Heavy metal residues in cauliflower collected from Multan

Lead(0.3 MRL)

Cadmium (0.2 MRL)

Nickel(5.0 MRL)

Mercury(0.03 MRL)

0.299d 0.266c 0.496ab 0.031de

0.635abc 0.630ab 0.343b 0.043bcde

0.772a 0.740a 0.025c 0.054abc

0.568abc 0.567ab 0.528ab 0.058abc

0.528c 0.499b 0.004c 0.046bcd

0.552bc 0.533b 0.559a 0.074a

0.749ab 0.276c 0.572a 0.024e

0.274d 0.468b 0.053c 0.063ab

0.207d 0.145c 0.556a 0.041cde

0.594abc 0.208c 0.359b 0.044bcde

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STRATEGIES TO ENSURE STRATEGIES TO ENSURE FOOD SAFETYFOOD SAFETY

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FOOD SAFETY: JOINT RESPONSIBILITY

AUTHORITIES

INDUSTRYCONSUMERS

ACADEMIA

FOODSAFETY

EDUCATION

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STRATEGIES TO ENSURE FOOD STRATEGIES TO ENSURE FOOD SAFETYSAFETY1. Development of national food safety policies and

infrastructure on the basis of local needs assessment

2. Food legislation and enforcement

3. Increasing awareness of food processing technologies

4. Education of households/consumers in hygienic handling

5. Improving the hygienic quality of street-vended food

6. Epidemiological surveillance

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7. Accelerate agricultural growth and inclusiveness

8. Bolster public and private investment in agriculture

9. Bridge yield and employment gaps

10.Strengthen integrated management of natural resources

and inputs

11.Promote participatory research and eco-technologies

12.Strengthen conservation and utilization of natural

resources

13.Establish climate change management programs

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Genetic Engineering

Irradiation of food

Modified-atmospheric packaging

NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE FOOD SAFETYFOOD SAFETY

OUR STRATEGY

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1- PUNJAB FOOD AUTHORITY1- PUNJAB FOOD AUTHORITY2- UNIDO DIPLOMA PROGRAM 2- UNIDO DIPLOMA PROGRAM IN FOOD SAFETY IN FOOD SAFETY 3-PUNJAB PURE FOOD LAW 2011 3-PUNJAB PURE FOOD LAW 2011

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PUNJAB FOOD PUNJAB FOOD AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Punjab Food Authority has been established under the "Punjab Food Authority Act 2011" to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

The basic purpose is to lay out standards for food articles and to regulate their manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale and import.

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

PGDC is being supported by European Union (EU) funded Trade Related Technical Assistance (TRTA II)

Program and implemented by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Which aims at strengthening the capacity of Pakistan to participate in international trade.

CONCLUSIONFood should be considered as a public health issue

not only an agricultural and/or trade commodityFood Safety has to be seen by the public health

community as an essential public health function. Food safety must be integrated along the entire

food chain, from farm to table, with the three sectors government, industry and consumers—sharing responsibility.

It is necessary that food safety forms an essential component of health-based nutrition policies and nutrition education.

Thank You For Your Attention

Documents

FOOD SAFETY IN ASIA – SITUATION ANALYSIS Prof. Dr. Faqir Muhammad Anjum (T.I.) Dept. Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics GC UNIVERSITY FAISLAABAD