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FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME Empowerment for Food Security Programme Comprehensive Food Security. Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP) Kwazulu Natal. Z.J. MCHUNU. The program. Empowerment for Food Security (EFSP) Start: April 2006- 5 years - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Follow up evaluation of Empowerment for Food Security Project (EFSP)
Kwazulu Natal
Z.J. MCHUNU
FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME
1.Empowerment for Food Security Programme2.Comprehensive Food Security
I. The program Empowerment for Food Security (EFSP) Start: April 2006- 5 years Sponsor: Flemish Government & KZN
government Where: Kwazulu Natal
Pilot project 4 districts 8 municipalities (out of 51)
I. The program Partners:
Department of agriculture KZN Department of education & health KZN Local government Flemish government (Sponsor)
Local responsible for daily activities DAEA KZN
Focus on: Agricultural production (favourable local
conditions) Training in food security (diet quality & variety) Access to market (purchasing power)
1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics
Household size and age of household head?
On average: household consists of 7 people On average: household heads in North are 54 years; in South 56
years Gender household heads: 55.1% are male
RegionHousehold
size
Age
household
head
DistrictHousehold
size
Age
household
head
North KZN 7 (2.8) 54 (13)
eDumbe 7.2 (2.9) 57 (13)
ePongola 7.9 (2.5) 57 (12)
Big 5 False Bay 7 (2.8) 52 (12)
Umhlabuyalingana 6.8 (3.0) 50 (12)
South KZN 6 (3.2) 56 (12)
Umuziwabantu 5.9 (3) 56 (11)
Vulamehlo 6.8 (3.6) 60 (8)
Msunduzi 6.6 (3.8) 46 (9)
Richmond 5.3 (2.1) 59 (8)
Umgeni 4.9 (3.4) 51 (13)
1. General descriptive analysis Household Demographics
Education status of households (% of households)?
Low levels of education 25% of households heads obtained some secondary education in
the southern area, while this is only 18% in the northern region
Region North KZN South KZN
Education Level DistrictZulula
ndMkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu
No schooling 33.0 51.4 37.3 41.4
Junior primary (0-Std 2) 28.3 20.0 21.7 13.8
Senior primary (Std 3-Std 5) 17.9 12.1 16.9 17.2
Some Secondary (Std 6-Std
9)
14.2 11.4 20.5 17.2
Completed High School
(Matric)
6.6 3.6 3.6 10.3
Courses or Certificates 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0
Diploma or Degree 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0
1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production
Access to resources (% of households)?
Quite equal access to resources in the northern and southern region However, access to markets and credits is higher in the South while
access to rivers is higher in the North
1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production
Crop production (% of households)?
Different types of crops are grown in the study area On average, each respondent cultivates 8 different crops 80% of respondents sell some of their agricultural production
North KZN South KZN
Zululand Mkhanyakude Ugu UmgungundlovuCrop Type
Spinach 95 90 88 91
Cabbages 97 91 77 88
Onions 89 87 78 58
Beetroot 84 80 69 72
Carrot 53 61 72 67
Maize 39 51 57 54
Tomato 38.5 56 31 35
1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Production
Livestock production?
Chicken production is most popular Large number of respondents in Zululand own cattle Limited presence of livestock sector: cattle owners have on average
2 heads of cattle; goat owners on average 2 goats; chicken owners on average 10 chickens
1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption
Diversity in food consumption?
Consumption of maize, other cereals and vegetables is highest: 3 to 5 times/week
Consumption of fruits and protein sources (dairy, eggs) is quite low: 2 times/week
1. General descriptive analysis Household Food Consumption
Different sources of food products (% of households)?
Over 70% of participating households indicate that they purchase most of their food
Exception: vegetables = own production (for over 65% of the households)
Purchased Own production Other sources
Maize 88 10 2
Other cereals 94 2 4
Roots & tubers 70 24 6
Vit A rich fruits &
vegetables
22 74 4
Other vegetables 30 68 2
Other fruits 77 10 13
Legumes & nuts 78 17 5
1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources
Average monthly income is highest in Umgungundlovu (320R; SD: 429) followed by Ugu (275R; SD: 260)
The southern districts both have an average income per capita per month of R190 (SD: 122)
1. General descriptive analysis Household Income and its Sources
Grants (including pension; child support) and gifts are most important income sources: 72%-88% of households partially depends on this type of income
Income shortage mainly during the months January/February and June/July
Common reasons why household heads not work: old age, inability to find job,…
1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies
Common shocks (share households experiencing)?
Most important stresses: increase in food cost and related to that increases in food production costs
Drought and sudden loss of livestock are the most prevalent stresses
Shocks and StressesNorth KZN South KZN
Zululand Umkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu
Food cost or food price increase 72 78 81 77
Increase in food production cost 54 47 48 56
Serious injury or chronic illness 39 45 57 44
Drought 25 57 44 28
Increase in household size 35 32 31 42
Death of livestock 35 28 27 23
1. General descriptive analysis Stresses, shocks and coping strategies
Coping strategies for sudden and severe decrease in income?
Borrowing from friends/ relatives seems to be most important coping strategy negative coping strategy: leads to increased debts and asset depletion
Only 20% is able to use their savings or looks for additional income sources
Coping Strategies North KZN South KZN
Borrow/ lending 77 68
Reduce food consumption 51 50
Reduce spending 46 39
Selling assets 41 31
Use savings 18 8
Find additional work (income) 19 14
Other coping strategies 18 20
2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity (% of households)
Across full sample: 5.6% food secure; 55.4% severly food insecure; 6.9% mild food insecure
Most affected district is Umgungundlovu where about 70% of respondents are faced with food insecurity
Region North KZN South KZN
Food Security Status DistrictZulul
andMkhanyakude Ugu Umgungundlovu
Food secure 7.3 3.4 9.1 2.4
Mild food insecure 11.9 2.8 6.8 9.5
Moderate food insecure 37.6 28.3 34.1 16.7
Severe food insecurity 43.1 65.5 50.0 71.4
Total 100 100 100 100
2. Vulnerability analysis Poverty measure
Northern region has larger share of poor households compared to the southern region
Region DistrictPercent people
living on less than 1 US$ per day
Percent people living on less than
2 US$ per day
North KZNZululand 71.6 96.3
Mkhanyakude 75.0 93.2
South KZNUgu 55.6 90.0
Umgungundlovu 53.5 81.4
2. Vulnerability analysis Food insecurity and Poverty
Notice negative correlation between food security and poverty level. Households in the north seem to be more food secure but poorer while households in the south seem less poor but more food insecure
Overall outcome evaluation 150 households were interviewed both in 2007 &
2010 Comparison of characteristics of these households
Evolution of these households
General food security Has not
improved
Overall outcome evaluation
Food security indicator 2007 (N=149) 2010 (N=149)
test
Less then 1$ per day per person 85% 66% **
Less then 2$ per day per person 93% 92% **
HDDS (Household Diet Diversity Score)
9.03 10.16 **
Hunger Index (n° of hungry months) 3.91 2.96 **
Crop index (n° of crops) 4.40 8.13 -
Livestock index (TLU) 50.08 47.32 -
Food expenditure per capita (RAND) 119 333 -
Food expenditure in total household budget
30% 58% **
Positive impact on Most severe poverty measures (20% less households on <1$ per pers day)
Diet diversity Hunger index
IV.Conclusions Outcome analysis shows positive outcomes:
Diet diversity Hunger index Poverty rates
However actual impact on food security is not there
EFSP has positive outcomes but has not yet improved actual food security levels
TRAINING OF ONE HOME ONE GARDEN BENEFICIARIES
PARTNERSHIP WITH IDT
Introduction
The IDT is in partnership with the DAEA& RD in the implementation of Flagship Programme in the 57 priority wards.
DAEA&RD provide training to 40 000 beneficiaries and
Provide catering for all 1600 groups
IDT Role To provide Social Facilitation Role
To mobilise 40 000 beneficiaries Organise seeds beneficiaries to groups of 25
700 beneficiaries per ward Ensure state of readiness of beneficiaries to
receive training Stakeholders engagement Organise Logistics : e.g. venues
Social Mobilisation & TrainingDates Extension Assistants/
Extension OfficersBeneficiaries
06-Dec-10 12013-Dec-10 17517-Jan-11 20024-Jan-11 17 160031-Jan-11 11 49507-Feb-11 38 58514-Feb-11 217421-Feb-11 3360
Total 186 8589
Gardens
The following gardens have been established.
174 Number of community gardens 93 number of school gardens 12 number of clinic gardens 508 number of homestead gardens
HOUSEHOLD GARDEN IN SISONKE – MZIMKHULU
HH 1
Other interventions
20 Tunnels have been established in the following areas
Mbangweni 5Bhekabantu 5Ladysmith 10
Seed distributed to 1 Million Households
TUNNELS
FoodBank & Technoserve Initiative
Guaranteed off-take
agreements
NationalFoodBankFund
Agriculture mentoringandtraining
Equipmentandinfrastructureprogramme
Businessand bookkeepingservice
Procurement Programme
PACKING / PROCESSING
FACILITY
AGRIFOODBANK
Retailers
Processors/Manufacturers
FOODBANKSATELLITE
Other Fertiliserand seedsubsidy
FoodBankagencies
ProcurementProgramme
ProcurementProgramme
DonatedFoods
Smallholder farmers
Transporttomarket
DonatedFoods
Crop and stock insurance
The Intergrated Agri-FoodBankSustainable model
FOODBANKCOMMUNITY
DEPOT
FOODBANKCOMMUNITY
DEPOT
CommunityEducation
&Health,
DSD
Phase 1 business plan by 14 March 2011
Task team to Link to the NSNP , DOH and DSD has been established
Progress
THANK YOU