Fokusgrupp Informationshantering och Digitalisering Behovet av interoperabilitet och öppna standarder i byggsektorn– integration av BIM och GIS ur ett livscykelperspektiv

Väino TarandiProfessor, KTH

Årskonferens 2017 - Centrum för Byggeffektivitet, Stockholm 2017-10-25

Informationshantering och digitalisering

» Fokusgruppen Informationshantering och digitalisering vill studera och utveckla det obrutna informationsflödet i byggsektorn över hela processen från planering över projektering och produktion till drift och förvaltning.

» Olika digitaliserade flöden och tillämpningar ska kunna hanteras med öppna och standardiserade format, helst på internationell bas.

» Grunden för detta är en gemensam nationell informationsplattform. Stora möjligheter finns till en allt effektivare produktion, eftersom mängden digitaliserade processer ökar för att på sikt omfatta det mesta vi bygger och förvaltar.

Så här ser det ut…. (för bygg)» BIM, GIS och infrastruktur inte integrerade» Få modeller för produktion eller förvaltning - trots

ambition i designskedet− Undervisningshuset på KTH ett exempel− Förvaltningen ställer inga krav

» Stadsmodeller− Inga öppna standarder− Stuprör per leverantör av IT och sensorer

» Sensorer− Inte kopplade till modeller − Ingen analys eller styrning

Trender» Digitalisering» Cirkulär ekonomi, design & produkt» Digital Twin / Digital Thread

− Kräver livscykelstöd "typ" PLCS− Stödjer LCA, cirkulär design, simulering & analys

» ISO/IEC JWG 21− Standardisering av IoT, Smart Manufacturing & Industry(ie) 4.0− Stort svenskt deltagande – Ericsson, Sandvik, Siemens, KTH, LTH m fl

Digitalisering

Cirkulär ekonomi - delningsekonomi

Digital Twin & Digital Thread

ISO/IEC JWG 21

Vår forskning och utveckling - Testbädden

Testbed for BIM level 3

BIM levels after British Standards Institute (from ARCADIS adapted to Sweden)

Testbed for

drawings, documents models files objects databases

integrated BIM hub

Life

cycle

man

agem

etn

Interoperability

Common models,Concepts and processes Processes

TEST BED SMART INFORMATION PROCESSEs

Nationalgeo data Building

Floor

Room

Buildingelement

BIM (BIM Alliance)

Converting, verifyiing(ETL)

County

City

Block

Property

Country

Geodata(Swedish Geo process)

Visualisation

Linked data sources

Lifecyclesupport

Transport network

Municipalitygeo data

BIM

National road db

Conv

ertin

g, v

erify

ing

(ETL

)

Real estateregister

Product database

APPLICATION CASES

Test case 1 Test case n

Test case 2

Test case 3

Test case 4

Export, import, linking

Export, import, linking

Etc … Etc ….

Smart planning, design, construction, operation and use processes over the whole life cycle

TEST BED SMART INFORMATION PROCESSEs

Nationalgeo data Building

Floor

Room

Buildingelement

BIM (BIM Alliance)

Converting, verifyiing(ETL)

County

City

Block

Property

Country

Geodata(Swedish Geo process)

Visualisation

Linked data sources

Lifecyclesupport

Transport network

Municipalitygeo data

BIM

National road db

Conv

ertin

g, v

erify

iing

(ETL

)

Real estateregister

Product database

APPLICATION CASES

Test case 1 Test case n

Test case 2

Test case 3

Test case 4

Export, import, linking

Export, import, linking

Etc … Etc ….

Smart planning, design, construction, operation and use processes over the whole life cycle

Time schedule for the Test bedWP 1: Development of the platform, WP leader Torbjörn Holm, Eurostep

WP 2: Information exchange construction company - municipality, WP leader Lars Harrie, Lund University

WP 3: 3D property formation, WP leader Jenny Paulsson, KTH

WP 4: BIM for production management, WP leader Thomas Olofsson, LTU

WP 5: Management, information dissemination, WP leader Väino Tarandi, KTH

Applied project Trafikverket – VERA OOOOOOOOOOOOIFC Alignment tested in the test bed late autumn 2017

ParticipantsKTH, LTU, LU, Chalmers, Högskolan i Gävle, Lantmäteriet, Trafikverket, Boverket, Mölndal stad, Stockholm stad, Malmö stad, Helsingborg stad, Eurostep, Triona, Trimble (Vianova), Agency 9, Logiq/Finfo, NCC, Tyréns, Cementa, Betongindustri, SLL Trafikförvaltningen

Project purposeThis project proposal aims at creating a Level 3 test bed to be a national

resource for testing concepts, ideas and innovations for the smart

community. It involves tests of open new and existing standards, methods

and processes to make available and use Geo and BIM data in several

parts of the community building process throughout the project and city

life cycles. The test bed will be used in cooperation between authorities like

National Land Survey, National Board of Housing, Building and Planning,

Swedish Transport Administration, municipalities, etc. and construction

companies to develop and test a digital open, object oriented and

standardized information exchange. "

Multiple Systems – Integration?

Collaboration Hub

Common concepts

Ifc, simple ifcXML, LandXML

LandXML

XML….

Ifc, simple ifcXML

Net-workISO 191xx

based(NVDB, Inspire,

etc.)

Through Life Support - PLCS

XML….

Integration of standards for buildings and infrastructure

InfraGMLAlignment

Lifecycle + breakdown with topology

Through life support(incl. versioning)[PLCS ISO 10303:239]

Product breakdown[ISO 12006-2]

Life cycle phases

Objectified topological relation(with effectivity)

Heterogeneous data models mapped to PLCS

AlignmentRoad, RailwayBridge

Infr

aGM

L

C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P

» ISO 16739:2013 − Building element− Material− Property− Geometry− Placement

Using PLCS and IFC (& more)

» ISO 10303-239− Change Management− Versioning− Consolidation− Requirement− Product as realized− Maintenance

PLCS IFC

Other domain specific stds- LandXML, CityGML, InfraGML…

C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P

What IFC2x3 can do todayGeometry (explicit)

B-repCSG

Geometry (Sweep)volume - extrusion, rotationareas - extrusion, rotation

Topologyelement connectivity,schematic design

Building ElementsWalls, Openings, DoorsRoofs, Stairs, Ramps, etc.

Spaces and Spatial Structure

SpaceBuilding StoreyBuildingBuilding Site

Relations betweenBuilding Elements

Wall Connections HolesChasesZones

Site and TerrainModel

SiteSite attributes

C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P

The PLCS high level model

Standardised interfaces (ETL tools)

TrainMateTrainMateMinecraftNova Point System B System X

Business processes

Information

Documents Reference db

Agency9

CityBlockBuildingRoomRoad.....

System A System C

Building permit

3D propertyProductionmanagement

MunicipalityContractor

BIM / GIS – objectPLCS

Information systems

NetworkTNE

Property register

Linked data sets

NVDB ………………NNH Logic/Finfo

Architecture to implement1. Topological & Spatial hierarchies 2. Versions and changes3. Life cycle 4. Unique identifiers - GUID5. Classification6. Units7. Coordinate systems8. Reference geometries9. Types – with versions10. LOD – Level of Detail for the Geo process11. Terrain model - granularity12. Networks and Road alignments13. Swedish Geo process

Topological & Spatial hierarciesBackgroundIn the GIS world, you usually use coordinates to search for information rather than topologis-ka relationship. In the BIM world, the IFC standard has evolved over a long period of time, and the structure of the building, floor, room and building elements has worked well to find and navigate among the different parts.Systems and topologies provide opportunities for analysis and comparisons of different locations in the country with recurring similar degradations. The idea is to have a simple, quick breakdown in a few steps.Suggestions for functionality in the platformStructures from county to city to neighborhood to property are being built up. To these networks, breakdowns in networks for wiring, roads m m from the appropriate level.

Similarly, as the stories (spatial structure element) of the building has rooms, the Infra group in buildignSMART has developed traffic places with "spatial segments" - lanes, walkways, etc.For example, a roundabout, station area, sports facility has "spatial segments" - this is lacking in the classification systems ....

Life-cycle modelFrom a life-cycle perspective it is important to have an unbroken information flow.

The different phases of the life-cycle for a construction project and the construction itself need to be represented by several objects, not just one, over time.

The designed physical element, fulfilling requirements through its function,

The product as planned realizing the technical solution and finally,

The product as realized with its serial number

.

Livscyle phasesDescriptionAll stages and types of objects will be handled for detail planning, property development, construction, operation and management processes.Requirements management, design phases, types of items should be handled. It is difficult for the actors to address the requirements on the objects to be built when the requirements are usually presented in text documents instead of attributes associated with geographical or geometrical objects. Requirements are own objects (in PLCS) and they should not be viewed as attributes associated with the objects. In the built society there are existing buildings and facilities - they occur at different stages of determination, production, operation and maintenance. Similarly, there are planning processes in progress covering different parts of the built society.

Suggestions for functionalityThe phases can be handled by giving the objects in information models different phase relations to be able to follow their changes over time. Previous work in EU projects and standardization of PLCS for manufacturing and defense industries, as well as buildings to some extent, supports that PLCS is proposed as a platform for lifecycle management in the platform, see the following pictures:

Type object to design objectPhysical_element

Physical_element_version

Physical_element_definition

Part

Part_version

Part_view_definition

Breakdown_element_realization

Type object to planned individualProduct_as_individual

Product_as_planned

Product_as_individual_view

Part

Part_version

Part_view_definition

Breakdown_element_realization

Product_as_planned will later be replaced by Product_as_realized

Design object to planned individualProduct_as_individual

Product_as_planned

Product_as_individual_view

Physical_element

Physical_element_version

Physical_element_definition

Product_design_version_to_individual

Product_as_planned will later be replaced by Product_as_realized

ClassificationDescriptionThe new classification system CoClass is now ready for use in Sweden. It covers both buildings and facilities. It has an object division that is extensive and soon also property definitions. CoClass is also intended to be used to identify components in different system structures.AlternativeUse CoClass for pure classification of building objects. Watch out for the impact of system structures on identity setting. Other identification applications (designation) are possible as identities can be generated based on the systems and breakdowns that exist in the buildings if they are modeled correctly.Suggestions for functionality in the platformBuild parallel structures according to the IFC Standard (Building, Spatial Structure Elements, Spaces and Building elements) also for facilities (and other "building complex" such as railway stations).The figure below shows a sports facility that should be structured in a similar way to a construction work. It should follow the structures of IFC - a breakdown from property to building and land, which is then broken down into a spatial and physical structure.

Sport arena, utility rooms and sport areas seem to be unstructured and mixed in this example?

Track and Field Facility BDA Sport Area (Soccer field)

SportArena

GDB Green made rest area GAA Forest

APA Utility room

Coordinate systemsDescriptionThe question is which coordinate system will we primarily work in when designing? You can think of three alternatives:• A national system Sweref 99 TM• A municipal system - Local map projections by Sweref 99• Alternative - construction site-specific coordinate systemOur proposal is that we should store in geographic coordinates and then convert. The Swedish Transport Administration only has latitude and longitude on its elongated projects - within the BIM area it is included as part of the IFC standard. Swedish geo process requires the Sweref99 TM to be used (at least in their building model).

In IFC 4 the coordinates are definied for the project/site origo using IFC 4 geolocation, which has the following structure:

Engineering system – the BIM world

Linking

• The BIM world is linked to the ellipsoid by a fixed point and a known orientation

• Map projections are determined by mathematical formulas, these vary depending on map projection

Reference geometriesDescriptionThe IFC standard provides reference geometries for the relative locations of the individual objects (building elements) in relation to the site's origin or other building elements. These reference geometries may be insertion points, lines and surfaces for all different building components. They define the origin and rotation of the current object. Similarly, in Swedish geo process according to Measurement Instructions, see examples below.

LOD – Level of Detail for the Geo processDescriptionThe test beds should be able to keep information and geometry for the various objects that form the built environment. Several different representations should be kept for both information and geometry using property sets and 2D / 3D models, respectively. On the GIS side, CityGML has its definition of LOD0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. For the BIM side, for example NIBS (USA) has its values 200, 300 etc.AlternativeThe LOD geometry on the building level (for Swedish geo process / CityGML) can be generated from BIM models (with appropriate software) or it can be created by using separate tools in the planning process to be independent of the design work. Definitions of building components will be created in the design process and directly linked to the BIM objects.Suggestions for functionality in the platformGenerate LOD 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 from the BIM models when they are imported to the platform. Placeholders are created at the building level for geometries (and properties) classified as respective LOD level. The LOD descriptions for the Swedish geo process are linked to the relevant version of the building as the details are developed. FME is a candidate as a tool. The definitions on the building level are imported via the BIM model and are linked to the respective stage and version.

OGCs Level of Definition

GIS standards vs BIM standards

Source: Nagel och Kolbe

BIM-model Geodata-model

Network and Road Alignments (IFC 4)

Swedish Geo process Process flows and information deliveries?

Vår forskning och utveckling - Nya testfall för Testbädden

» Forskningsfrågor och utvecklingsprojekt inom KTH− Undervisningshuset

» IoT, sensorer, simuleringar m m» Samverkan – Industriell Produktion, Gunilla Sivard» Akademiska Hus

Thank you!

Fokusgrupp Informationshantering och Digitalisering �Behovet av interoperabilitet och öppna standarder i byggsektorn�– integration av BIM och GIS ur ett livscykelperspektiv��Väino Tarandi�Professor, KTHInformationshantering och digitaliseringSå här ser det ut…. (för bygg)TrenderDigitaliseringCirkulär ekonomi - delningsekonomiSlide Number 7Slide Number 9Digital Twin & Digital ThreadSlide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 18ISO/IEC JWG 21 Vår forskning och utveckling �- Testbädden�Testbed for BIM level 3Smart planning, design, construction, operation and �use processes over the whole life cycleSmart planning, design, construction, operation and �use processes over the whole life cycleTime schedule for the Test bedProject purposeMultiple Systems – Integration?Integration of standards for buildings and infrastructureLifecycle + breakdown with topologySlide Number 30Heterogeneous data models mapped to PLCSUsing PLCS and IFC (& more)What IFC2x3 can do todaySlide Number 34Slide Number 36Architecture to implementTopological & Spatial hierarciesSlide Number 39Slide Number 40Life-cycle modelLivscyle phasesSlide Number 45Slide Number 46Type object to design objectSlide Number 48Type object to planned individualDesign object to planned individualClassificationSlide Number 53Coordinate systemsSlide Number 56Engineering system – the BIM worldLinkingReference geometriesLOD – Level of Detail for the Geo processOGCs Level of DefinitionSlide Number 63Network and Road Alignments (IFC 4)Slide Number 67Slide Number 72Swedish Geo process Slide Number 75Slide Number 80Vår forskning och utveckling �- Nya testfall för Testbädden�Slide Number 82