FMD Global Situation WRLFMD December 2011 - maff.go.jp · • FMDV is a small RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. Institute for Animal Health. FMDV • FMDV is a small RNA virus

FMD Global Situation FMD Global Situation WRLFMDWRLFMD®®

December 2011December 2011

Th W ld R f L b t f FMDTh W ld R f L b t f FMDThe World Reference Laboratory for FMD The World Reference Laboratory for FMD

D J fD J f MM H dH dDr Jef Dr Jef M. M. HammondHammondDonald King, Nick Knowles, Jemma Wadsworth, Bob Statham, Yanmin Li, Pip Hamblin, Ginette Wilsden, Geoff

Hutchings, Nigel Ferris, Valerie Mioulet, Miki Madi, Begona Valdazo, Anna Ludi, and Elizabeth Wilson Institute for Animal Health Ash Road Pirbright Surrey GU24 0NFInstitute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF,

UNITED KINGDOM

WRLFMDWRLFMD

Institute for Animal Health

Outline Outline •Introduction

•WRLFMD

•Current statusCurrent status•Disease situation

•Diagnostics

•VaccinesVaccines

•Future Issues

WRLFMDWRLFMD


FMDFMDFMDFMD• The most infectious disease known

• A present and continuing severe global threat

Institute for Animal HealthInstitute for Animal Health

FMDFMDFMDFMD• The most infectious disease known

• A present and continuing severe global threat

• Devastating economic, social and environmental impacts – severe productivity losses

– disruptions in a wide range of agricultural, industrial and social activities

– major threat to food supply

– major expense in control and re-eradication

– high cost of surveillance and emergency preparedness.


FMDFMD

• 7 serotypes and multiple subtypes• 7 serotypes and multiple subtypes

No single vaccine• No single vaccine

• No single test

• Each outbreak/situation is different


FMDV Gl b l IFMDV Gl b l IFMDV Global IssuesFMDV Global Issues

• Healtho Animal welfare – mass slaughter of healthy stocko Human welfare – loss of livelihood




• Global TradeGlobal Tradeo Excludes many poorer nations from tradeo Restrictions on many goods (not just meat)




• Global TradeGlobal Tradeo Excludes many poorer nations from tradeo Restrictions on many goods (not just meat)

• Cost of Prevention and Outbreakso Surveillanceo Direct and Indirect (compensation, trade and tourism)


FMDVFMDVFMDVFMDV

• FMDV is a small RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae.


FMDVFMDVFMDVFMDV


• Highly contagious vesicular disease affecting up to 70 i f l h f d l70 species of cloven-hoofed mammals.


FMDVFMDVFMDVFMDV



• 7 different serotypes: O A C Asia1 SAT1 SAT2• 7 different serotypes: O, A, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3


FMDVFMDVFMDVFMDV



• 7 different serotypes: O A C Asia1 SAT1 SAT2• 7 different serotypes: O, A, C, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3

• Large number of subtypes have evolved within each serotype (topotypes).


FMD in cattleFMD in cattleFMD in cattleFMD in cattle


FMD in cattleFMD in cattleFMD in cattleFMD in cattle

UK 2007


FMDV InfectionFMDV InfectionFMDV InfectionFMDV Infection

•Sheep infected with FMDV may not be diagnosed for aconsiderable time as signs can be very mild.

•But during this period they will be infectious.



•FMD in pigs spreads very rapidly because pigs produce 30 to 100 times as much virus in aerosols as sheep or cattle.

• An infected pig can produce a hundred million infectious doses per day.p y



•Some strains of FMDV affect particular species more than others.

T i i i it d i t t ll b t i•Transmission, immunity and carrier status all vary between species.

• > 50% infected ruminants become carriers• African Buffalo: 5 years• Cattle: 3 years

Sheep: 9 months• Sheep: 9 months• Goats: 4 months

• Pigs do not become carriers


Pathogenesis of FMDPathogenesis of FMDPathogenesis of FMD Pathogenesis of FMD

I b ti i dIncubation periods:

• 2-14 days in individual animals, but dose related

• 4-5 days most common, but may be as short as 24 hours

• 4 14 days for farm incubation period Replication sites:• 4-14 days for farm incubation period Replication sites:

• Initially in pharynx and/or skin

• Then viraemia and generalisation with high level replication

in skinin skin


TransmissionTransmissionFMDV can be introduced in several ways:

•Direct or indirect contact with infected•Direct or indirect contact with infected animals

•Spread of aerosols

•Contact with contaminated objects•Contact with contaminated objects

(footwear, clothing, vehicles, vets)

•Milk or meat

•Artificial insemination


FMD Reference Laboratories at Pirbright FMD Reference Laboratories at Pirbright

International•• European Community Reference LaboratoriesEuropean Community Reference Laboratories for for FMDFMD && SVDSVD

– Support and referral diagnosis for NRLs in EU Member States– Marginally costed funding from DG-Sanco

•• OIE Reference Laboratory for FMD OIE Reference Laboratory for FMD – Wide remit in support of safeguarding and promoting international trade– No financial support from OIE- charging for services?

World Reference Laboratory for FMD designated by FAOWorld Reference Laboratory for FMD designated by FAO•• World Reference Laboratory for FMD designated by FAOWorld Reference Laboratory for FMD designated by FAO– WRLFMD– Global surveillance and threat recognitiong– Reference Laboratory Network of OIE/FAO FMD Labs– Small financial contribution from FAO


World Reference Laboratory for FMDWorld Reference Laboratory for FMD-- WRLFMDWRLFMDWRLFMD

• 24/7 Diagnostic Service

• Global surveillance

• Strain characterisation

• Vaccine matching (Bulgaria, South Korea)

• Extensive library of isolates

• Test improvement & Development, validation,

• Quality assurancey

• Reagent supply

• Trainingg

• Advice & Reports


The WRLFMD website contains quarterly andThe WRLFMD website contains quarterly and annual reference laboratory reportshttp://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm


Reference Laboratories HandoutReference Laboratories Handout


FMD Di t ib tiFMD Di t ib tiFMD i d i i f S h A i Af i d

FMD DistributionFMD Distribution• FMD is endemic in most of Southern Asia, Africa and

parts of South America.

• Most of Europe, North and Central America, Australia,

f fNew Zealand and Japan are free of FMD.


DiagnosisDiagnosis Laboratory diagnosis of FMD Laboratory diagnosis of FMD DiagnosisDiagnosisApproaches:• Detection of FMD virus antigen or nucleic acid

y gy g

• Detection of FMD virus, antigen or nucleic acid • Virus Isolation• Antigen Elisag•Lateral Flow Device• Automated TaqMan® RT-PCR

• Detection of FMDV-specific antibody (SP/NSP) • Virus Neutralization Test• Virus Neutralization Test• Liquid Phase Blocking Elisa• Solid Phase Competition Elisap• 3ABC Elisa (Non structural protein NSP)


Current assays for FMDV detectionCurrent assays for FMDV detection

Virus isolation

(CTY or IBRS2)1-4 days

Ag ELISA ~4 hours

AutomatedTaqMan®RT-PCR

~5 hours

Time to report result (hrs)1 10 100


Diagnostic CentralDiagnostic Central WRLFMDgg

NSPSerolog

SPELISA

??

VNT

ELISASerologyAg detection

MolecularPropagation

ELISA

VNT

Colour test

Calf inoculation Ag-ELISA Strip tests

Complement fixation

??Virus Isolation

rRT-PCR

Frenkelculture

MicroArrays

??

Small animal assays

? Under constructionRT-LAMP


New technologies / new opportunities New technologies / new opportunities

LOCAL LABORATORY

Suspect case

LOCALCLINICAL

OBSERVATION

LABORATORYDIAGNOSIS

(Local or NRL)p

of disease

1 Lateral-flow devices for FMDV antigen1. Lateral flow devices for FMDV antigen

2. Mobile PCR

3. Isothermal assays

•Faster (more rapid detection)•Ability to support diagnosis based on clinical signsAbility to support diagnosis based on clinical signs


Future challengesFuture challengesFuture challengesFuture challenges• Many technologies

i ki h “ i i ” f– picking the “winning” assay format

• Key role of commercial partners– Is the market viable?– IP – freedom to operate

• Who uses the tests? – expectation of stakeholders

F l il bl t l f l l– Freely available vs control of local diagnosis/reporting

• Use in FMD-endemic countries• Use in FMD-endemic countries


New VaccinesNew VaccinesNew Generation FMD Vaccines

New VaccinesNew Vaccines

•Longer duration of protection;

•Faster onset of protection;

•Broader spectrum of protection

•More potent immunity to prevent viral replication

and development of viral carriers


New VaccinesNew VaccinesNew Generation FMD Vaccines

New VaccinesNew Vaccines

•Better discrimination of vaccinated animals that

go on to become infected;

•Thermostable- no/reduced cold chain

•Safer to make and easier to administer.


Enhanced Enhanced Surveillance: Surveillance: OIE/FAO OIE/FAO Lab networkLab network

• WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK• RRLSEA: Pakchong, Thailand• LVRI: Lanzhou, China• FGI ARRIAH: Vladimir, Russia • PDFMD: Mukteswar, IndiaPDFMD: Mukteswar, India• RRLSSA: Gabarone, Botswana• FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya

PANAFTOSA Ri d J i B il• PANAFTOSA: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • LFADLCT: Argentina• ARC-OVI: Onderstepoort, RSA Approximately ~2300

l t t d d i 2010p ,

• PIADC: Plum Island, USA• CODA-CERVA-VAR: Ukkel, Belgium

samples tested during 2010

Institute for Animal HealthInstitute for Animal Health

OutputsOutputsOutputsOutputsCurrent•Highly detailed analysis of virus

O i i•Origin•Serotype•Genotype/strain•Possible source•Possible source•Vaccine matching by lab assay•Animal experiments

•Detailed reports•Detailed reports

Progressg•Complete genome analysis•Epitope mapping•Antigenic cartographyAntigenic cartography

•Combine data from all inputs to provide a more comprehensive analysis•Use of high potency vaccines•Use of high potency vaccines


Conjectured Status of FMDConjectured Status of FMD

Endemic

Intermediate, sporadic

Free with vaccination

Free. Virus present in game parks

Countries with multiples zones:FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

WRLFMDFree


Visualization of Regional Virus Pools Visualization of Regional Virus Pools as an Aid to Global Control as an Aid to Global Control

Divides the Globe into 7 pools each with

M l i l b i l fi d• Multiple serotypes but topotypes mainly confined to

that pool

• Each pool may need tailored vaccines and strategies

WRLFMDInstitute for Animal Health

Conjectured Status of FMDConjectured Status of FMD

Pool 3O, A, Asia 1

Pool 5O, A, SAT 1, 2 Pool 1

Endemic

Pool 7O, A

O, A, SAT 1, 2

Pool 2

Pool 1O, A, Asia 1Intermediate, sporadic

Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zones:

P l 6Pool 4A O SAT 1 2 3

O, A, Asia 1

Free. Virus present in game parks

Countries with multiples zones:FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

Pool 6SAT 1, 2, 3

A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3Free

Pool positions are approximate and colours indicate that there are three principal pools, two of which can be subdivided into overlapping areas


subdivided into overlapping areas

OverviewOverview ofof serotypingserotyping resultsresults forfor 20102010

8.5%7% 2% 2.5%

O

80%

ASAT 1SAT 280%Asia 1

The network laboratories received more than 2,300 samples in 2010 from 38 countries80% of the samples characterised in 2010 were of the O serotype

Note that serotypes C and SAT 3 were not detected.Asia 1 only in India

80% of the samples characterised in 2010 were of the O serotype.


Samples and virus isolates made by region in 2010. Samples and virus isolates made by region in 2010.

In total 38 different countries submitted 2,338 samples to OIE/FAO FMDNetwork Laboratories

700

• 53% to WRLFMD•

400

500

600samples

isolates

Collected in 2010 Collected earlierLaboratory Samples Countries Samples CountriesWRLFMD 760 26 458** 14PANAFTOSA 10 1

200

300

400PANAFTOSA 10 1FGI‐ARRIAH 15 4RRLSSA 24 3

ARC‐OVI 642 10PIADC‐ 5 1

0

100FADDLLVRI 34 1PDFMD 244 1RRLSEA 98 4 10* 2LFADLCT 22 1

1854 52# 468 16#


VP1 sequence analysis in 2010. VP1 sequence analysis in 2010.

In total 750 VP1 sequences were characterised in 2010:

648 (86%) from WRLFMD648 (86%) from WRLFMD

The remaining 102 (14%) came from other laboratories.

14%

86%

WRLFMD

Other


Vaccine matching by VNT 2011 Vaccine matching by VNT 2011

60

O Manisa vs O PanAsia 2 A22 vs A Iran 05

8

10

12

t t l

40

50

60

t t l

2

4

6total

match

10

20

30 total

match

0A22 A Iran 05

Asia 1 Shamir

0O Manisa O PanAsia 2

10

12

Asia1/PAK/32/2011

Asia1/PAK/38/2011

Asia1/PAK/109/2010

Asia1/PAK/50/2011

Asia1/PAK/49/2011

Asia1/PAK/39/2011

Asia1/PAK/37/2011

Asia1/PAK/36/2011

Asia1/PAK/35/2011

Asia1/PAK/16/2011

Asia1/PAK/15/2011

Asia1/PAK/14/2011

Asia1/PAK/13/2011

Asia1/PAK/12/2011

Asia1/PAK/11/2011

Asia1/PAK/8/2011

Asia1/PAK/7/2011

Asia1/PAK/111/2010

88

2

4

6

8 total

match

Asia1/PAK/111/2010

Asia1/PAK/110/2010

Asia1/PAK/108/2010

Asia1/PAK/106/2010

Asia1/PAK/33/2011

Asia1/PAK/34/2011

Asia1/PAK/17/2011

Asia1/BAR/1/2011

Asia1/BAR/2/2011

Asia1/BAR/3/2011

Asia1/BAR/4/2011

Asia1/IRN/43/2011

Asia1/IRN/33/2011

Asia1/IRN/46/2011

Asia1/IRN/38/2011

Asia1/PAK/6/2011

Asia1/PAK/47/2011

Asia1/PAK/8/2008

Asia1/PAK/26/2009

Asia1/PAK/27/2009

99

100

99

100

100

0total match

Asia1/PAK/29/2009

Asia1/IRN/25/2004 (DQ121120)

Asia1/YNBS/CHA/58 (AY390432)

Asia1/CAM/9/80

Asia1/Shamir/ISR/89

Asia1/BAR/8/2009

Asia1/BAR/9/2009

Asia1/IND 32/08* (HQ224556)

Asia1/IND 12/07* (HQ224553)

Asia1/IND 227/07* (HQ224555)

Asia1/IND 121/07* (HQ224554)

Asia1/IND 97/08* (HQ224560)

Asia1/IND 95/08* (HQ224558)

Asia1/IND 93/08* (HQ224557)

Asia1/IND 96/08* (HQ224559)

Asia1/IND 137/08* (HQ224561)

Asia1/Jiangsu/CHA/2005 (DQ156527)

Asia1/PAK/1/54

99

100

98

100

85

0.02

Submission to WRLFMD 2011Submission to WRLFMD 2011Country No. of Virus isolation in cell culture/ELISA

samples FMD virus serotypes NVDO A C SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 Asia 1

AFGHANISTAN** 292 109 22 - - - - 7 92BAHRAIN 15 - - - - - - 4 11BOTSWANA 5 - - - - 5 - - -BULGARIA 47 17 - - - - - - 30CAMBODIA 4 2 - - - - - -DPR KOREA 31 1 - - - - - - 30DPR KOREA 31 1 - - - - - - 30HONG KONG 2 2 - - - - - - -IRAN 91 13 24 - - - - 7 9IRAQ 17 6 1 - - - - - 10ISRAEL 7 6 - - - - - - 1KENYA 22 9 4 9KENYA 22 9 - - 4 - - - 9KUWAIT 2 2 - - - - - - -LAOS 4 4 - - - - - - -LIBYA 52 2 - - - - - - 50MALAYSIA 23 1 - - - - - 5PAKISTAN*** 130 50 1 - - - - 48 33SOUTH AFRICA 24 - - - - - - - 24SOUTH KOREA 17 9 - - - - - - 8SRI LANKA 2 2 - - - - - - -THAILAND 17 6 11 - - - - - -THAILAND 17 6 11TURKEY 30 7 19 - - - - ? 4VIETNAM 47 41 1 - - - - - 5ZIMBABWE 2 - - - - 2 - - -TOTAL 883 289 79 - 4 7 - 66 321


Submission to WRLFMD 2011Submission to WRLFMD 2011Country No. of Virus isolation in cell culture/ELISA

samples FMD virus serotypes NVDO A C SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 Asia 1

AFGHANISTAN** 292 109 22 - - - - 7 92BAHRAIN 15 - - - - - - 4 11BOTSWANA 5 - - - - 5 - - -BULGARIA 47 17 - - - - - - 30CAMBODIA 4 2 - - - - - -DPR KOREA 31 1 - - - - - - 30DPR KOREA 31 1 - - - - - - 30HONG KONG 2 2 - - - - - - -IRAN 91 13 24 - - - - 7 9IRAQ 17 6 1 - - - - - 10ISRAEL 7 6 - - - - - - 1KENYA 22 9 4 9

No Asia 1 in 2010 69 so far in 2011 ***

KENYA 22 9 - - 4 - - - 9KUWAIT 2 2 - - - - - - -LAOS 4 4 - - - - - - -LIBYA 52 2 - - - - - - 50MALAYSIA 23 1 - - - - - 5

Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Bahrain & Turkey

PAKISTAN*** 130 50 1 - - - - 48 33SOUTH AFRICA 24 - - - - - - - 24SOUTH KOREA 17 9 - - - - - - 8SRI LANKA 2 2 - - - - - - -THAILAND 17 6 11 - - - - - -

yhave all reported outbreaks of Asia 1

THAILAND 17 6 11TURKEY 30 7 19 - - - - 3 4VIETNAM 47 41 1 - - - - - 5ZIMBABWE 2 - - - - 2 - - -TOTAL 883 289 79 - 4 7 - 69 321


Serotypes Identified 2011Serotypes Identified 2011yy

O38%

NVD38%42%

AAsia 110%9%

SAT1SAT2<1%1%


23 countries~900 samples

FMD FMD Outbreaks 2011Outbreaks 2011>900 Samples from 23 Countries>900 Samples from 23 Countries

BahrainAsia1

T k

IranO, A & Asia

900 samples>600 positive >900 Samples from 23 Countries>900 Samples from 23 Countries

B l i

LibyaO

KuwaitO

TurkeyO, A & Asia

1*

1 AfghanistanO, A & Asia 1

BulgariaO

Iraq

IsraelO

ChinaO Kazakhstan

O

Russia O

IraqO & A

VietnamO & A

Chinese TaipeiO

PakistanO, A & Asia 1 South Korea

O

O

AngolaSAT2

BotswanaSAT2

ThailandO & A Laos

O

ZambiaO

DPR KoreaO

Sri Lanka

Endemic FMD ‐Free Free with vaccination

ZimbabweSAT 2

KenyaO & SAT 1

Hong KongO

O

South AfricaNVD Mozambique

SAT2

CambodiaO Malaysia

O

Sri LankaO

Intermediate, sporadic Free. Virus present in game parksCountries with multiples zones:FMD‐free, free with vaccination or not free

WRLFMD

SAT2

23 countries~900 samples

FMD FMD Outbreaks 2011Outbreaks 2011>900 Samples from 23 Countries>900 Samples from 23 Countries

BahrainAsia1

T k

IranO, A & Asia

900 samples>600 positive >900 Samples from 23 Countries>900 Samples from 23 Countries

B l i

LibyaO

KuwaitO

TurkeyO, A & Asia

1*

1 AfghanistanO, A & Asia 1

BulgariaO

Iraq

IsraelO

ChinaO Kazakhstan

O

Russia O

IraqO & A

VietnamO & A

Chinese TaipeiO

PakistanO, A & Asia 1 South Korea

O

O

AngolaSAT2

BotswanaSAT2

ThailandO & A Laos

O

ZambiaO

DPR KoreaO

Sri Lanka

Endemic FMD ‐Free Free with vaccination

ZimbabweSAT 2

KenyaO & SAT 1

Hong KongO

O

South AfricaNVD Mozambique

SAT2

CambodiaO Malaysia

O

Sri LankaO

Intermediate, sporadic Free. Virus present in game parksCountries with multiples zones:FMD‐free, free with vaccination or not free

WRLFMD

SAT2

Vaccine SelectionVaccine Selection

• OiE/FAO FMD Reference LaboratoryOiE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network

• FMD Vaccine Bank Holders Network


Current FMD Threat AnalysisCurrent FMD Threat Analysis: from reported incidence: from reported incidence

Serotype O- widespread circulation– FMDV type O – ME-SA topotype – PanAsia-2 lineage

yy

– FMDV type O – SEA topotype – Mya-98 lineage

Serotype A- widespread circulation– FMDV type A – ASIA topotype – Iran-05 lineage– FMDV type A – ASIA topotype – other

Serotype Asia 1 – limited circulation- risk of further spread– Several reports in 2011 associated with poor laboratory vaccine matching this is being closely monitored by OIE FMD reference laboratory at Pirbright

Serotypes SAT – restricted circulation– Have not established outside of Africa

Serotype C– No reports of serotype C since 2004p yp


Vaccine Recommendations Vaccine Recommendations (National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)

O ManisaO BFS CO BFS or CamposA-Iran-05A24 CruzeiroA22 Iraq Asia 1 Shamir

HIGHPRIORITY

Asia 1 ShamirSAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent)

A Argentina 01A Iran 96A Iran 96A Iran 99A EritreaA Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent)A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)

MEDIUMPRIORITY

A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)SAT 1 South AfricaSAT 2 Zimbabwe

A15 Bangkok related strainA KenyaA87 Argentina related strainSAT 1 KenyaSAT 2 K

LOWPRIORITY

SAT 2 KenyaSAT 3 ZimbabweC Noville Within category: not in order of importance

Vaccine Recommendations Vaccine Recommendations (National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)(National & European antigen banks)

O ManisaO BFS C

PanAsiaPanAsia 2 2 O BFS or CamposA-Iran-05A24 CruzeiroA22 Iraq Asia 1 Shamir

HIGHPRIORITY

Asia 1 ShamirSAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent)

A Argentina 01A Iran 96A Iran 96A Iran 99A EritreaA Iran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent)A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)

MEDIUMPRIORITY

A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)SAT 1 South AfricaSAT 2 Zimbabwe

A15 Bangkok related strainA KenyaA87 Argentina related strainSAT 1 KenyaSAT 2 K

LOWPRIORITY

SAT 2 KenyaSAT 3 ZimbabweC Noville Within category: not in order of importance

Global ActivitiesGlobal Activities

•OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network - developing relationshipsOIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network developing relationships

•Increased workload- samples

•Increased demand for

Training•Training

•Proficiency testing

•Accreditation

•Ref Labs need dedicated funding from this initiative


WRLFMD WRLFMD SummarySummary

• FMD present in many regions/ Significant impact on livelihoods

• Major risk of spread through movement of animals and products

• Vaccination alone is not enough- Education and bio-securityVaccination alone is not enough Education and bio security

• What can we do together within the networks?

• Twinning projects – diagnostics training/ epidemiology/QA

• Improve surveillance- not all about NSP testing!

Obt i li i l l h t i t / / i t h• Obtain clinical samples: characterise serotypes/sequence/ vaccine match

• Decreased funding will affect all reference laboratories and control plang p


www.wrlfmd.org

Th N t k P id l b l ‘ l ti i ’ f th• The Network Provides a global ‘real time virus map’ for the

implementation of better informed control measures for FMDp

• A major combined effort both National and Global is needed for

control

•• Meeting in Bangkok 2012Meeting in Bangkok 2012

P ti f Gl b l St t t C t l FMDPreparation of a Global Strategy to Control FMD

Documents

FMD Global Situation WRLFMD December 2011 - maff.go.jp · • FMDV is a small RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae. Institute for Animal Health. FMDV • FMDV is a small RNA virus