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Flushability Standards Jeff Lundeen, PhD

Flushability Standards 2017... · 2017. 9. 28. · Disintegration Test Specification IWSFG Beaker 98 mm i.d., 150 mm height Propeller PTFE 60 mm dia. With 4 ridges Speed 800 rpm Water

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  • Flushability Standards

    Jeff Lundeen, PhD

  • Flushability Standards

    • Guidelines for Assessing the Flushability of Disposable Nonwoven Products, Third Edition, INDA, 2013http://www.inda.org

    • IWSFG Flushability Standard (proposed), International Water Services Flushability Group,  2017http://iwsfg.org/iwsfg‐flushability‐guidelines/

    • Disintegration of Toilet Paper, ISO 12625‐17 (proposed), International Standards Organization, 2017https://www.iso.org

  • INDA Flushable Product Definition

    For a product to be deemed flushable there must be evidence indicating that it:• Clears toilets and properly maintained drainage pipe 

    systems when the suppliers recommended usage instructions are correctly followed;

    • Passes through wastewater conveyance systems and is compatible with wastewater treatment, reuse and disposal systems without causing system blockage, clogging or other operational problems; and

    • Is unrecognizable in effluent leaving onsite and municipal wastewater treatment systems and in digested sludge from wastewater treatment plants that are applied to soil.

  • IWSFG Flushable Product Definition

    To be flushable a product must:• Break into small pieces quickly• Not be buoyant• Not contain plastic or regenerated cellulose but only contain 

    materials which will readily degrade in a range of natural environments

  • Testing Protocol

    Test INDA IWSFG

    Environment & Health PAS 1

    Toilet & DrainlineClearance

    FG 501 PAS 2A and PAS 2B

    Disintegration FG 502 PAS 3A or PAS 3B or PAS 3C

    Household Pump FG 503

    Settling FG 504 PAS 4

    Aerobic Disintegration FG 505 PAS 5A

    Anaerobic Disintegration FG 506 PAS 5B

    Municipal Sewage Pump FG 507

  • Environmental Health andSafety Requirements PAS 1

    To ensure the product is safe for the consumer and has no adverse environmental impacts.

    Specification IWSFG

    Acceptance Criteria No banned substancesNo synthetic fibs of any kind (including regenerated cellulose)No geological materials (clay, calcium carbonate, etc.)

  • Toilet and Drainline TestFG 501, PAS 2A, PAS 2B

    To determine the likelihood that a product will successfully clear toilet and building drainlines.

  • Toilet and Drainline Test

    Specification INDA IWSFG

    Toilet Kohler Cimarron 6 L Any 4.5 L

    Drainline Clear PVC, 10 cm i.d., 2% slope, 20 m length

    Same

    Toilet paper dose Sheets equivalent to 3 g Same

    Flush 1 1 dose toilet paper, 2 wipes 1 dose toilet Paper

    Flush 2 Nothing Nothing

    Flush 3 1 dose toilet paper, 2 wipes Nothing

    Flush 4 Nothing Nothing

    Flush 5 3 pieces synthetic feces, 2 doses toilet paper, 2 wipes

    Nothing

    Acceptance Criteria

  • Slosh Box Disintegration TestFG 502, PAS 3B

    To assess the potential for a product to disintegrate when subjected to mechanical agitation in water.

  • Slosh Box Disintegration Test

    Specification INDA IWSFG

    Box 18”L x 12”W x 12”H 18”L x 12”W x 12”H

    Speed 26 rpm 13 rpm

    Water 2 L 4 L

    Time 3 hr 2 hr

    Sieve 12.5 mm holes 6.3 mm holes

    Sample 1 wipe pre‐rinsed 180 ‐ 300 cm2 flushed through toilet

    Acceptance Criteria

  • Accelerated Bench Top Disintegration Test PAS 3A

    To assess the potential for a product to disintegrate when subjected to mechanical agitation in water

  • Accelerated Bench Top Disintegration Test

    Specification IWSFG

    Beaker 98 mm i.d., 150 mm height

    Propeller PTFE 60 mm dia. With 4 ridges

    Speed 800 rpm

    Water 600 mL

    Time 2 min

    Sieve 6.3 mm holes

    Sample 180 ‐ 300 cm2

    Acceptance Criteria < 5% of material retained on sieve

  • Flask and Shaker TableTest PAS 3C

    To assess the potential for a product to disintegrate when subjected to mechanical agitation in water.

  • Flask and Shaker Table Test

    Specification IWSFG

    Flask Fernbach 2.8 L with bottom baffles

    Shaker Table Orbital, 2.5 cm orbit

    Speed 100 rpm

    Water 1 L

    Time 120 min

    Sieve 6.3 mm holes

    Sample 180 ‐ 300 cm2

    Acceptance Criteria < 5% of material retained on sieve

  • Household Pump TestFG 503

    To assess the compatibility of a product with household sewage ejector pump systems to ensure that the product does not clog, accumulate within or otherwise interfere with normal system operation under high usage conditions.

  • Household Pump Test

    Specification INDA

    Toilet 6 L

    Pump Submersible ejector pump 0.25 –0.75 hp

    Time 8 day

    Flushing sequence Total of 12 flushes over 55 minutes ‐12 wipes/day

    Acceptance Criteria No system failureAverage number of wipes remaining on days 2 ‐6 is 

  • Settling TestFG 504, PAS 4

    To assess whether a product settles in sumps, septic tanks, onsite aerobic systems and settling chambers that are associated with pump stations and municipal wastewater treatment plants.

  • Settling Test

    Specification INDA IWSFG

    Column 20 cm i.d., 150 cm height Same

    Sample 4” x 4” wipe flushed through toilet

    3 g

    Acceptance Criteria Settling rate > 0.1 cm/sec≤ 5% of samples refloatingafter 24 hr

    90 % of samples:Settling rate > 0.1 cm/secSample rises < 30 cm after 24 hr

  • Aerobic Biodisintegration/ Biodegradation FG 505, PAS 5A

    To assess the potential for a product to biologically degrade under aerobic conditions typically found in sewers as well as onsite and municipal wastewater treatment systems.

  • Aerobic Biodisintegration

    Specification INDA IWSFG

    Liquid Activated sewage Activated sewage

    Sample 1 wipe 1 sheet

    Time 14 day 21 day

    Sieve 1 mm 600 micron

    Acceptance Criteria > 95% pass through sieve > 95% pass through sieve

  • Anaerobic Biodisintegration/ Biodegradation FG 506, PAS 5BTo assess the potential for a product to biologically degrade under anaerobic conditions typically found in sewers as well as onsite and municipal wastewater treatment systems.

  • Anaerobic Biodisintegration

    Specification INDA IWSFG

    Liquid Anaerobic digester sewage Anaerobic digester sewage

    Sample 1 wipe 1 sheet

    Time 28 day 21 day

    Sieve 1 mm 600 micron

    Acceptance Criteria

  • Municipal Pump TestFG 507

    To assess the compatibility of products with small municipal sewage pump systems.

  • Municipal Pump Test

    Specification INDA

    Pump ITT Flygt Model C‐3085.183

    Addition rate 1 wipe/10 s for 10 min

    Acceptance Criteria


Guidelines for Assessing the Flushability of Disposable

Guidelines for Assessing the Flushability of Disposable

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