Volume 26 Number 4 October 1993

FLUORIDE JOURNAL

of the

International

Society for

Fluoride

Research

THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR FLUORIDE RESEARCH

President Vice President Second Vice President Prof H Tsunoda Prof Ming-Ho Yu Dr Miklos Bely lwate Medical University Western Washington University National lnst of Rheumatology Morioka 020, Japan Bellingham, WA 98255, USA Budapest, Hungary

Secretary Treasurer Prof Gene W Miller Biology Dept. Utah State University Logan, Utah 843226305, USA

Dr John Colquhoun 216 Atkinson Road, Titirangi Auckland 7, New Zealand

Dr Miklos B61y Nat lnst of Rheumatology Budapest, Hungary

Dr G Embery Universrty of Wales Med College Cardiff, Wales UK

Prof G W Miller Utah State University Logan, Utah USA

Prof H Tsunoda iwate Medical University Moriqka. Japan

ADVISORY BOARD

Prof A W Burgstahler University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas, USA

Prof J Franke Medical Academy Erfut, Germany

Dr B P Rajan Madras Dental College Madras, India

Prof Zan-Dao Wei Guiyany Medical Col!ege Guizhou. China

Dr John Colquhoun University of Auckland Auckland, N e w Zealand

Dr C James Lovelace Humbolt State University Arcata, California USA

Prof A K Susheela All India lnst of M e d Sciences New Delhi, India

Prof Y Yoshida Osaka Medical College Osakz, Japan

Prof K Yoshitaka Shiga Llniversity of Med Science Shiga-Ken, Japan Betlingham, Washington USA

Prof Ming-Ho Vu Western Washington University

EDITORIAL BOARD DI D 2 Ballentyne Prof Shouren Cao Dr M Chikuma Uciversity of Victoria Chinese Academy of Osaka University of Victoria BS, Preventive Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences Canada Beijing, China Osaka, Japan

Dr John A Cooke Dr Edward Czerwinski Univsrsity of Natal Kracow Academy of Medicine Newcastle upon Tyne Durban. South Afiica Kracow, Poland England

Prof G Neil Jenkins

Dr Y Kaneko Dr K Kono Prof Jetzy Kiechniak Shcwa University Sch of Dent. Osaka Medical College Medical Academy Tokyo. Japan Osaka, Japan Gdansk, Poland

Dr K A V R Yrtshnamachari P:of Lennart Krook Dr John R Lee Director Regional Medica! College of Veterinary Medicine 9620 Bodega Hwy,

Bhubaneswar, !ndia New York USA California USA Resear:.n Centre Cornell University, lthaca Sebastopol,

Dr Zygmunt Machoy Dr F Murray Dr James C Pushnik Fcmeranian Medical Academy Murdoch University California Slate University Szczecin, Poland MGidOCh WA, Australiz Chico, California USA

Prof S P S Teotia LLRM Medical College Meerut, India

Dr Ssl!y W Wheeler Hawkesbury Agric Research Unit Richmond NSW, Australia

Vo1.26 No.4 October 1993 Pages 237 - 298

FLUORIDE QUARTERLY REPORTS

ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR FLUORIDE RESEARCH Editor: Dr John Colquhoun

Co-Editors: Prof A W Burgstahler Prof G W Miller

Auckland, New Zealand

Logan, Utah USA Lawrence, Kansas USA

Bhubaneswar, India Dr K A V R Krishnamachari

CONTENTS GUEST EDITORIAL ANOTHER LOOK AT THE INTERACTIONS OF FLUORINE WITH CALCIUM

A Machoy-Mokrrynska and 2 Machoy, Poland .................................................................. 237-239

EDITORIAL MORE ‘AUTHORATATIVE REVIEWS’ J Colquhoun ............................................................. 240

RESEARCH REPORTS PLASMA BIOCHEMISTRY OF ADULT GOATS WITH CHRONIC FLUORIDE POISONING IN MOROCCO

THE EXCRETION OF URINARY GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS BY FLUOROTIC RATS

FACTORS OF INDIVIDUAL PREDISPOSITION TO OCCUPATIONAL FLUOROSIS

A Bennis, M Kessabi. A Hamlin eta/, France and Momco ................................................ 241-246

J B Stanbury and G Embery, England and Wales ............................................................. 247-256

E V Polzik. G A Valova, S V Shchebakov and M Yu Yakusheva, Russia .......................... 257-262

WHO DATA ON DENTAL CARIES AND NATURAL WATER FLUORIDE LEVELS R Ziegelbecker and R C Ziegelbecker, Austria .................................................................. 263-266

RESEARCH REVIEWS ALLERGY AND HYPERSENSITIVITY TO FLUORIDE

B Spittle, New Zealand ................. ................................................................................ 267-273

J R Lee, USA .................................................................................................................... 274-277 FLUORIDATION AND HIP FRACTURE

PRESS RELEASES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL: HEALTH EFFECTS OF INGESTED FLUORIDE

ABSTRACTS RADIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS: RELATIONSHIP WITH CALCIUM INTAKE

SKELETAL SClNTlGRAPHlC FINDINGS IN ENDEMIC SKELETAL FLUOROSIS

B M Wagner, B A Burt, K P Cantor et a/, USA ..... ......................................................... 278281

A Mithal, N Trivedi, S K Gupta ef el, India ..................................... 282

S K Gupta, S Gambhir, A Mithal and B K Das. India ........................................................... SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS BY FLUORIDE IN HUMAN PULP FIBROBLASTS /NV/’ITRO

M H Veron, M L Couble and H Magloire, France ................... ........................... 283

ABSTRACTS continued

DIETARY MODULATION OF THE SYMPTOMS OF CADMIUM TOXICITY IN RATS:

AND FLUORIDE PLASMA INORGANIC FLUORIDE LEVELS WITH SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA IN MORBIDLY OBESE AND NONOBESE PATIENTS

E J Frink. T P Malan. E A Brown ef a/, USA .......................................... EVIDENCE THAT FLUORIDE THERAPY INCREASES TRABECUIAR BONE DENSITY IN A PERIPHERAL SKELETAL SITE

BlOAVAlLABlLlTY AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF FLUORIDE 2 GLUTAMINE MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE PREPARATIONS

EFFECTS OF MEAL ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF FLUORIDE FROM ORAL MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE

HIP FRACTURE RATES IN HONG KONG AND THE UNITED STATES, 1988 THROUGH 1989

THE FLUORIDATION OF DRINKING WATER HOSPITALIZATION RATES IN 2 CANADIAN COMMUNITIES

HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE BEFORE AND AFTER THE FLUORIDATION OF THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY, ROCHESTER, MINNESOTA

S J Jacoben, W M Ofallon and L J Melton. USA ........ EVALUATION OF THE USE OF TOPICAL FLUORIDE GEL S H Y Wei and C K Y Yiu, Hong Kong ..............................................

SYSTEMIC FLUORIDES - DROPS AND TABLETS K W Stephen, Scotland ............. ROLE OF FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTES IN A CARIESPREVENTIVE STRATEGY

FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSES AND FLUORIDE VARNISHES

l N S l N REMINERALIZATION OF SUBSURFACE ENAMEL LESION AFTER THE USE OF A FLUORIDE CHEWING GUM

W J Lamb, R E Corpron, F G More et a/, USA CALCIUM FLUORIDE FORMATION IN ENAM

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-A, VITAMIN-C, VITAMIN-D, VITAMIN-D HORMONE, E W Pleasants. C Waslien and B A Naughton, USA .....................

............................ 284

H Resch, C Libanati. S Farley eta/, USA .................................... ...................... 285

G Wameke and I Setnikar, Italy .. ........................................... 285

G Wameke, I Setnikar. Italy ..................................................................................................... 286

.............. S C Ho, E Bacon. T Hams eta/, USA .............................. 286

M E Suarezalmazor, G Flowerdew, L D Saunders eta/, Canada ....................... ...... 287

................................... 287-288

...................... 288 288

.................. 289

289

.................................................................. K G Konig, Netherlands

L G Peterson. Switzerland ...........................................................................................

............................................ 290

CONCENTRATED OR LOW-CONCENTRATED-F AGENTS INVITRO ................................................................................. C Bruun and H Givskov, Denmark .290

INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT FLUORIDE LEVELS IN SOLUTION ON ROOT HARD TISSUE DEMINERALIZATION AND REMINERALIZATION MEASURED BY 1-1 25 ABSORPTIOMETRY

H Almqvist and F Lageriof. Sweden ..................... 291 FLUORIDE AND MINERAL CONTENT IN HYPER-REMINERALIZED CORONAL BOVINE DENTINE lNVl7RO AFTER AN ACID CHALLENGE

Y lijima, J L Ruben, T G M Zuidgeest and J Arends, Japan and Netherlands .................... 291-292 LONG-TERM FLUORIDE RELEASE OF VISIBLE LIGHT-ACTIVATED COMPOSITES INVITRO: A CORRELATION WITH INSITU DEMINERALISATION DATA

G E H M Dijkman. J Devries, A Lodding and J Arends, Netherlands . _

SLOW-RELEASE FLUORIDE

1993 AUTHOR INDEX .......................................................................... XXth ISFR CONFERENCE, BEIJING, October 10-13 1994 1993 SUBJECT INDEX ........................................................

K J Toumba and M E J Curzon. England ........................

Fluoride 26 (4)242 Benns et al

A single 10 ml blood sample was taken from the jugular vein into a Li-heparin tube'

tt was-ceitrifuged witfrin i hours and plasma was separated and frozen at -20'C until

analysis within 2 months.

Plasma fluoride was measured with a selective electrode and a digital pHmeter

(Orion 96-09 and Beckrnan 4500) according to Hall et al (3)'

The following constituents were analyzed by dry-chemistry procedures with a

foda[ Ektacheri XRTOOO' sodium, poiassiunr' chloride, bicarbonates' calcium'

ohosphates, ure4 creatinine, glucose, bili-bio, cholesterol, triglycerides'^qt:t"i:1

;iilifi;;"rfi;;iAli,' Ec s.rs.r-): _eaTqra,4ulamyl .transferase (GGr, EC2.3.2.2), aspartate u-inolr*rr"rase (ASAT-, EC 2.6.1.1\, alanine aminotransferase

(^LAf, et z.o.t.z7,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC t.t.t27).. Phospholipids were

determined Uy an erfiatic procedire Ytjh " Cobas Bio Roche analyzer' llote^in-s*"r.]ru"tionated by "i".irophot"sis on cellulose acetate in Veronal buffer' oH = 8'6'

p = 0.05; after staining by Ponceau S,tractions weie quantified with a Sebia@ densito-

irto -f-ipoproteins

i"tt r"p"t"ted by agarose gel electrophoresis in a Trisbarbital

ili; pil'= e.z,p = 0.05. Gels^were stained with Sudan black, then strips were

,.*"Jd*itf, a deniitometer (Sebia@, IssyJds-Moulineaux, France).

Quality control was based on commercially available control sera (wellcontrol,

Oini;al ctremistry quality assessment programme' Wellcome )'

Results were analyzed by Mann and Whitney's te!! as the normality of distributions

was not assessed and as variances of samples differed (4)'

Results

Plasma fluoride concentration in goats of the Darmous area was: 0'31 t 0'15 mg/L

(t-l;0.-10 to 058). In Tables I and-2, it can be observed that only a few paramelers

i]O i.t Oiffer signiti"-tii*t*""n U.'ttt groupsl sodiurq calciunr, triglycerides,.phos'

il;1ft;AId-ALAi;d tot" ptot"iti and [poprotein fractions' Most significant

alterations observed in uni-at of the Darmous-area were: 1) decreases of glucose'

[",-,ig]irnrciaU' oiiB * y)globulinsi2) *increase of urea; and 3) a modification

of the relative propoilonr''oF tipoptot"ins, with an increase of chylomicrons and

tVl-Ol + LDL)ind a decrease of HDL (see Figure)'

Discussion

The concentration of plasma fluoride is not the best indicator of fluoride poisoning

Uut it *as not possible io fiU ttt" animals used in this experiment to determine fluoride

concentration in Uone,-fu4;t;t hver. It was reporteq q"t "normal" plasma fluoride

concentration io *jnuntt cLulo range from 0.i9 to 0.30 mg/L(z).In control sheep

-i gout., it was reporteJ to be about-O.10 mg/L (5,6). In fluoride intoxication, plasma

fluoride concentrauo;-;;;6";ted to be as trigt, as 1.3 mgl.L (6)' So, in goats of this

.i"a', pf^; fluoride *^ "itfv mildly elevated, although it was reported that soil'

waterandstrawfluor idemeanconcentrat ionswere3232ppm,l .2ppmandl04ppp;;;;;fi;y (1). This irobably reflects a.moderate fluoride intake of the animals at the

period of sample coile.tion. Nevertheless, loss of body weight indicated that the

lir.rr. *as mo'd"tately severe in these animals'

Main clinical signs of chronic fluorosis are osteo-dental. Exostoses cause painful

locomotion, thus limiting the movement of animals foraging for food. This point is

October 1993 Plasma biochemistry of adult goats with chronic fluoride poisoning 243

Table 1. Plesma minerals, subsirates and enzyme ac{ivities of adult goats in Dermouserea (n = 12) and control zone (n = 45). Results as meen t SD; comparison betweengmup6 ry Mann and Whitney TestParameter Control Darmous P<UnitSodiumPotassiumGhloddeBicarbonatesCalciumPhosphetesUreaCreatinineGlucoseBilirubinTriglyceridesCholesterolPhospholipidsALPGGTASATALATLDH

Table 2. Plasma proteins and lipopoteins of a<lult goats in Darmous a,ea (n = 42)and control zone (n = 45). Results as mean t SD; comparison between groups byMann and Whitney Tesl.Parameter

Table 3. Serum biochemical dislurbances repoded in previous siudies of fluorosis incattle and sheep of the Darmous erea; comparison to results of this sludy in goats.Resnlts arc vari-ation as percent of difference with values obtained in control animals( = not significantly different from @ntrols; n.d. not determined)Parameter CattleSotlumPdsrUnCildileBcrtonat€sCAinemcf*sItrffiGfrc*rlirClCcEdTtigrehr|rAtPGGTASATAI.ATLDH

mmoULmmol/Lmmol/Lmmol/Lmmol/Lmmol/LmmolApmol/Lmmol/Lpmol/Lmmol/l-mmol/Lmmol/LU/LU/LUILU/LUIL

N.S.0.0010.0010.001N.S.0.050.0010.0010.0010.001N.S.0.0010.05N.S.0.0010.001N.S.0.01

14r'.1.24.6 r 0.41 0 9 r 324 r.2

2.2911.151 . 8 i 1 . 33.7 i 1.54 8 * 7

2.35 r 0.524 r .2

o.u+0.271.88 + 0.361.12x0.21325 I 39191 t21174 t193 6 r 7

1253 r 185

1'{3 t 35.5 * 0.61 0 5 r 32 6 i 3

2.27 tO.132.2!.0.4s.e t {.s

' 3 5 r 51.07 r.0.22

7 x 40.33 * 0.191.63 f 0.311.31 f 0.25267 f 363126 i 45147 r .1Su x 7

1356 r 169

Unit Control Darmous P<

ProteinsAlbumina1-Globulinsq2-Globulinsp-Globulinsv-GlobulinsChylomicronsVLDL+LDLHDL

7 0 r 63 8 r 53 i 17 t 16 + 1

1 6 i 61 3 n 33 0 r 85 7 1 E

77 *.53 5 r 34 t .17 r . 1

11 r .2t g t 4g t 2

23t46 8 r 4

gLgAglLstLgA-gIL%%%

0.001N.S.N.S.N.S.0.001N,S.0.0010.010.001

Sheep Goats

*{qotn.d.n.d.

-15%

+55%

-13%n.d.

-21%n.d.-5%

+3E9f,+10*

+1sfi

+16tr

=+35%

n.d.n.d.

-21%

+21%+30%-21%n.d.

-31$n.d.{%

+l'15%+Al%+7Th+71cfr

-ct6

=+2h

+16!i%-27%-54%+75%-13%+mch

-9%-'18%

+38%+'lscYo

+8%

=+z0ch

1%+8%

244 Benns el al

Fluorosis-free zone:-

Darmous zone:-

Fluoride 26 (4)

HDL VLDL ChYlomicrons+LDL

' t!

FIGURE. Typical agarose gel electrophoretic.profiles-of plasma lipoproteins in-goaG of i ttuordsis-free-zone (above) and of the Darmous area (below)