fluidyn-FLOWSOL

March 2006

3D numerical simulation of surface flows

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Introduction

Water quality : Water quality : environment protectionenvironment protection

water distributionwater distribution

industrial emissionsindustrial emissions

Accidental pollution increaseAccidental pollution increase

Numerical simulation of pollutant species in rivers and seasNumerical simulation of pollutant species in rivers and seas

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Oil (non-miscible) Oil (non-miscible) pollutionpollution

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Miscible pollutionMiscible pollution

2 Modules2 Modules

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Numerical model

Based on CFD : Navier Stokes 3D equationsBased on CFD : Navier Stokes 3D equations

Mixing and stratification in near and far fields.Mixing and stratification in near and far fields.

Transient phenomena (tides)Transient phenomena (tides)

Degrading down to 1D or 2D possibleDegrading down to 1D or 2D possible

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Features

Interactive generation of bathymetryInteractive generation of bathymetry

Automatic generation of curvilinear mesh Automatic generation of curvilinear mesh

Transient boundary conditions (water levels and flow rates)Transient boundary conditions (water levels and flow rates)

Effects of wind, dissolution, evaporationEffects of wind, dissolution, evaporation

Pollutant transport and dispersionPollutant transport and dispersion

Density variation (Boussinesq), salinity, temperature Density variation (Boussinesq), salinity, temperature

stratification (thermal plumes).stratification (thermal plumes).

Chemical database Chemical database

Islands and obstacles (bridges, dams, etc). Islands and obstacles (bridges, dams, etc).

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INPUT

Model creation

Emission Inventory

Terrain data

SOLVER

Mesh

Currents study

TransportDispersion

(Navier-Stokes)

OUTPUT

Currents

Pollutant maps

Concentration evolution

Features

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Input data

Bathymetry (linear and transverse sections).Bathymetry (linear and transverse sections).

Roughness (based on Manning coefficient).Roughness (based on Manning coefficient).

Slope.Slope.

Upstream and downstream hydraulic conditions (water Upstream and downstream hydraulic conditions (water

and height).and height).

Emission data (time, mass…variable with respect to time) Emission data (time, mass…variable with respect to time)

Product characteristics (density, lifetime, diffusion Product characteristics (density, lifetime, diffusion

coefficients).coefficients).

Application examples

Simulation of an oil slick in the Tamise estuarySimulation of an oil slick in the Tamise estuary

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Case description

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The main objective of this study is to analyze the The main objective of this study is to analyze the

environmental consequences of a crude petrol leak in the environmental consequences of a crude petrol leak in the

Tamise.Tamise.

The leak is accidental and due to a canalization rupture The leak is accidental and due to a canalization rupture

in in

a Tankera Tanker

The source is situated near a river bank The source is situated near a river bank

The flow in the Tamise estuary is influenced by the tide The flow in the Tamise estuary is influenced by the tide

cycles cycles

Study domain

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Bathymetric ContoursBathymetric Contours

Numerical Model of the terrain

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Bathymetric contours

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Terrain and Flow data

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The maximum depth reached in the estuary is 14.8 m.The maximum depth reached in the estuary is 14.8 m.

The bathymetric bottom is sandy with a D50 of 1.5 mm.The bathymetric bottom is sandy with a D50 of 1.5 mm.

The Manning roughness coefficient is taken at 0.1.The Manning roughness coefficient is taken at 0.1.

The flow boundary conditions are unsteady and variable The flow boundary conditions are unsteady and variable

with respect to the tide cycleswith respect to the tide cycles

Emission data

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Fluid Fluid : Crude : Crude

QuantityQuantity : 1000 tons : 1000 tons

Fluid densityFluid density : 900 Kg/m3 (at 150 C) : 900 Kg/m3 (at 150 C)

Kinetic viscosityKinetic viscosity : 0.00134 m2/s: 0.00134 m2/s

Ambient air temperatureAmbient air temperature : 13 °C: 13 °C

LifetimeLifetime

The product source is a pipeline of diameter 40 cmThe product source is a pipeline of diameter 40 cm

3D Mesh

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Study of currents

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Velocity Vectors (m/s)

0 0.223 0.446

Surface velocity vectors after 1 hourSurface velocity vectors after 1 hour

Study of currents

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Velocity Vectors (m/s)

0 0.389 0.778

Surface velocity vectors after 2 hoursSurface velocity vectors after 2 hours

Study of currents

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Velocity Vectors (m/s)

0 0.371 0.742

Surface velocity vectors after 4 hoursSurface velocity vectors after 4 hours

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Velocity Vectors (m/s)

0 0.277 0.555

Surface velocity vectors after 6 hoursSurface velocity vectors after 6 hours

Study of currents

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Velocity Vectors (m/s)

0 0.642 1.285

Surface velocity vectors after 8 hoursSurface velocity vectors after 8 hours

Study of currents

Dispersion

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Oil Concentration (kg/m3)

0 56.0 112.0

Concentration after 2 hoursConcentration after 2 hours

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Concentration after 4 hoursConcentration after 4 hours

Oil Concentration (kg/m3)

0 23.9 47.8

Dispersion

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Oil Concentration (kg/m3)

0 22.78 45.57

Concentration after 6 hoursConcentration after 6 hours

Dispersion

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Oil Concentration (kg/m3)

0 10.99 21.98

Concentration after 8 hoursConcentration after 8 hours

Dispersion

Example

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Dispersion of pollutant layer in the river SeineDispersion of pollutant layer in the river Seine

Case description

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Linear hydrocarbons over 5 km.Linear hydrocarbons over 5 km.

Presence of an island.Presence of an island.

Injection of 21.54 kg of Rhodamine during 57 min.Injection of 21.54 kg of Rhodamine during 57 min.

Expected results:Expected results:

transport timetransport time

distribution between the two arms of the riverdistribution between the two arms of the river

evolution of transversal distribution in course of timeevolution of transversal distribution in course of time

Domain and bathymetry

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Bathymetry generation from 10 cross profilesBathymetry generation from 10 cross profiles

3D Mesh

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100 grids lengthwise, 15 width wise, 6 in depth.100 grids lengthwise, 15 width wise, 6 in depth.Unrefined structured curvilinear meshUnrefined structured curvilinear mesh

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Between the injection point and the island: no Between the injection point and the island: no

curvatures or major bathymetric variations : relatively curvatures or major bathymetric variations : relatively

invariant hydrological fields.invariant hydrological fields.

From the island tip : brusque variation in bathymetry: From the island tip : brusque variation in bathymetry:

influences the tracer distributioninfluences the tracer distribution..

Study of currents

Dispersion

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Concentration after 2 and 6 hoursConcentration after 2 and 6 hours

Concentration after 8 and 10 hoursConcentration after 8 and 10 hours

Dispersion

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Example

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Dispersion of industrial effluents in Dispersion of industrial effluents in the Seinethe Seine

Context

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Industrial effluent discharge in Seine waters Industrial effluent discharge in Seine waters

Designing an immersed diffuser (type of emission) Designing an immersed diffuser (type of emission)

to limit the effluent concentration in the Seineto limit the effluent concentration in the Seine

Methodology

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3D numerical modeling of flow in Seine 3D numerical modeling of flow in Seine

Addition of emission sources (diffusers) Addition of emission sources (diffusers)

Monitoring effluent concentrationsMonitoring effluent concentrations

Selection of diffuser to installSelection of diffuser to install

Geometry

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Geometry / bathymetry construction from IGN map and the cross Geometry / bathymetry construction from IGN map and the cross

profiles of the Seine over the selected zone (28 along the plot)profiles of the Seine over the selected zone (28 along the plot)

Mesh

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3D curvilinear, unstructured mesh in order to conform to the 3D curvilinear, unstructured mesh in order to conform to the

bathymetrybathymetry

Fine mesh at emission source levelFine mesh at emission source level

Input section mesh (upstream limit)

Output section mesh (downstream limit)

Mesh

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Surface mesh

Hydraulic data

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Mean situation Water level situation

Mean flow 80,6 m3/s Water flow 14,7 m3/s

Water height60,66 NGF (lNormal

Retention level )Water height

60,66 NGF (Normal

Retention level)

Modeling 2 currentology situationsModeling 2 currentology situations

Study of currents

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Surface velocity fields(m/s) Surface velocity fields(m/s)

Velocity fields (m/s) at river bedVelocity fields (m/s) at river bed

Study of currents

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Velocity fields (m/s) at the inletVelocity fields (m/s) at the inlet

Velocity fields (m/s) at outletVelocity fields (m/s) at outlet

Emission Data

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Many outlet types and positions possibleMany outlet types and positions possible

Emission data

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Dispersion results

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Surface concentration contours in mg/l Surface concentration contours in mg/l

Outlet concentration contours in mg/l Outlet concentration contours in mg/l

Dispersion results

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Concentration iso-surface in mg/lConcentration iso-surface in mg/l

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