Fluid balance/imbalanceFluid balance-

amt fluid taken in = amt fluid excreted

Fluid imbalance-1. edema- excess fluid retained in tissues2. Dehydration- excess fluid loss

Edema

Dehydration

Aging and fluid balance

Swallowing difficultiesDiseases may causes fluid retentionImbalances occur quickly in elderlyThirst mechanism maybe impaired

Measurements1ml=1cc1ounce=30ml/cc1 pint=500 ml/cc1 quart=1000 ml/cc

Total each row intake and output q shiftRemember- urinate in hat, no TP/stool save trays don’t let others take things off

tray

Measuring intake/outputIntake:IceJuiceCoffeeYogartJelloIV/Tube feedingsAnything liquid at

room temperature

Output:EmesisUrineBlood/drainageLiquid stoolsNG drainage

Measuring intake

Measure in cc or mlRecord all fluids taken inInclude fluids that are liquid at room

temperatureTotal at the end of each shift &24 hr total

Measuring outputUse standard precautionsMeasure all urine, emesis, liquid stool,

drainage, blood lossEach shift empty urine from catheterIf incontinent record amt of times